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利用Cobbler批量布署CentOS

發布時間：2025/5/22 编程问答 27 豆豆

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從事網游運維的兄弟們應該深有感觸，往往在開新服的時候需要大批量的布署新的服務器，時間緊迫而且量大，裝系統、初始化，枯燥而又乏味，有時還容易出錯，為了解放我們的雙手，所以要實現自動化，Red Hat 最新發布了網絡安裝服務器套件 Cobbler（補鞋匠）集成了PXE、DHCP、DNS、Kickstart服務管理和yum倉庫管理工具，相對之前的 Kickstart 更加快捷、方便的批量布署red hat、centos類系統

1、安裝rpmforce源
CentOS 5.5默認的Repository里找不到Cobbler，先安裝rpmforce這個Repository
cd /opt
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm

2、安裝相關軟件
yum -y install cobbler dhcp httpd xinetd tftp-server

3、檢查cobbler配置
cobbler check

根椐提示修改配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/settings 中的 server 和 next_server 對應的127.0.0.1修改為本服務器的 IP 地址，
manage_dhcp 設為 1，以便管理 DHCP

將 /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 中 disable = no

4、導入精簡后的ISO
mkdir -p /mnt/iso
mount -o loop /data/KerryOS-1.0-i386.iso /mnt/iso
cobbler import --mirror=/mnt/iso --name=kerryOS-1.0-i386

查看導入結果
cobbler distro list

5、修改 DHCP 和 Kickstart 配置模板
#修改DHCP配置模板
vi /etc/dhcpd.conf
vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

ddns-update-style?interim; ?

allow?booting; ?

allow?bootp; ?

ignore?client-updates; ?

set?vendorclass?=?option?vendor-class-identifier; ?

subnet?192.168.9.0?netmask?255.255.255.0?{ ?

?????option?routers??????????192.168.9.1;???#路由器地址 ?

?????option?subnet-mask??????255.255.255.0;??#子網掩碼選項 ?

?????option?domain-name-servers??192.168.9.1;??#DNS地址 ?

?????range?dynamic-bootp?????192.168.9.200?192.168.9.254;??#動態IP范圍 ?

?????filename????????????????"/pxelinux.0"; ?

?????default-lease-time??????21600;?????#缺省租約時間 ?

?????max-lease-time??????????43200;?#最大租約時間 ?

?????next-server?????????????192.168.9.230;??#指定引導服務器 ?

#修改 Kickstart 配置模板
mv /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-i386/ks.cfg /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-i386/ks.cfg.bak
mv /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-xen-i386/ks.cfg /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-xen-i386/ks.cfg.bak
vi /etc/cobbler/default.ks
vi /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-i386/ks.cfg
vi /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-xen-i386/ks.cfg?

#?Kickstart?file?automatically?generated?by?anaconda. ?

#Install?OS?instead?of?upgrade ?

install ?

#Use?text?mode?install? ?

text ?

#Use?CDROM?installation?media? ?

cdrom ?

lang?en_US.UTF-8 ?

keyboard?us ?

#Skip?the?X?Configuration ?

skipx ?

#Use?network?installation ?

url?--url=http://192.168.9.230/cobbler/ks_mirror/kerryOS-1.0-i386 ?

#Network?information? ?

#network?--device?eth0?--bootproto?static?--ip?192.168.9.226?--netmask?255.255.255.0?--gateway?192.168.9.1?--nameserver?192.168.9.1?--noipv6?--onboot=yes?--hostname?kerry-web-001 ?

network?--device?eth0?--bootproto?dhcp?--noipv6?--hostname?kerry-web-001 ?

#root?--?1q2w3e ?

rootpw?--iscrypted?$1$n07CbCot$GP.VBeICPHj.QkJb5Y2C2. ?

firewall?--disabled ?

#System?authorization?information ?

authconfig?--enableshadow?--enablemd5 ?

selinux?--disabled ?

timezone?--utc?Asia/Shanghai ?

#System?bootloader?configuration? ?

bootloader?--location=mbr?

#Clear?the?Master?Boot?Record ?

zerombr?yes ?

#?Set?the?Mouse ?

mouse?generic3ps/2 ?

#?The?following?is?the?partition?information?you?requested ?

#?Note?that?any?partitions?you?deleted?are?not?expressed ?

#?here?so?unless?you?clear?all?partitions?first,?this?is ?

#?not?guaranteed?to?work ?

#Partition?clearing?information ?

clearpart?--all?--initlabel ?

part?/boot?--fstype?ext3?--size=200?--asprimary ?

part?/?--fstype?ext3?--size=10000?

part?swap?--size=2048?

part?/data?--fstype?ext3?--size=1?--grow ?

#---?Reboot?the?host?after?installation?is?done ?

reboot ?

%packages ?

@base ?

@core ?

@development-libs ?

@development-tools ?

@editors ?

@text-internet ?

keyutils ?

trousers ?

fipscheck ?

device-mapper-multipath ?

imake ?

%post?--nochroot ?

#?Mount?CDROM ?

mkdir?-p?/mnt/cdrom ?

mount?-r?-t?iso9660?/tmp/cdrom?/mnt/cdrom ?

cp?/mnt/cdrom/ipmod?/mnt/sysp_w_picpath/root/ipmod?>?/dev/null ?

umount?/mnt/cdrom ?

%post ?

#vim?syntax?on ?

sed?-i?"8?s/^/alias?vi='vim'/"?/root/.bashrc?2>/dev/null ?

echo?'syntax?on'?>?/root/.vimrc?2>/dev/null ?

#init_ssh ?

ssh_cf="/etc/ssh/sshd_config"?

sed?-i?-e?'74?s/^/#/'?-i?-e?'76?s/^/#/'?$ssh_cf ?

sed?-i?"s/#UseDNS?yes/UseDNS?no/"?$ssh_cf ?

#client ?

sed?-i?-e?'44?s/^/#/'?-i?-e?'48?s/^/#/'?$ssh_cf ?

#?Remove?the?ISO?File?translation?files ?

find?/?-name?TRANS.TBL?-exec?rm?{}?\;?/dev/null?2>/dev/null ?

#?Remove?some?unneeded?services ?

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?

cat?<<?EOF?

+--------------------------------------------------------------+ ?

|?===?Welcome?to?Tunoff?services?===?| ?

+--------------------------------------------------------------+ ?

EOF ?

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?

for?i?in?`ls?/etc/rc3.d/S*` ?

do ?

????CURSRV=`echo?$i|cut?-c?15-` ?

echo?$CURSRV ?

case?$CURSRV?in ?

????echo?"Base?services,?Skip!" ?

????;; ?

????*) ?

????????echo?"change?$CURSRV?to?off" ?

????????chkconfig?--level?235?$CURSRV?off ?

????????service?$CURSRV?stop ?

????;; ?

esac ?

done ?

#?file?descriptors ?

ulimit?-HSn?65535 ?

echo?-ne?" ?

*?soft?nofile?65536 ?

*?hard?nofile?65536 ?

"?>>/etc/security/limits.conf ?

#set?sysctl ?

true?>?/etc/sysctl.conf ?

cat?>>?/etc/sysctl.conf?<<?EOF?

net.ipv4.ip_forward?=?0?

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter?=?1?

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route?=?0?

kernel.sysrq?=?0?

kernel.core_uses_pid?=?1?

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies?=?1?

kernel.msgmnb?=?65536?

kernel.msgmax?=?65536?

kernel.shmmax?=?68719476736?

kernel.shmall?=?4294967296?

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets?=?6000?

net.ipv4.tcp_sack?=?1?

net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling?=?1?

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem?=?4096?87380?4194304 ?

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem?=?4096?16384?4194304 ?

net.core.wmem_default?=?8388608?

net.core.rmem_default?=?8388608?

net.core.rmem_max?=?16777216?

net.core.wmem_max?=?16777216?

net.core.netdev_max_backlog?=?262144?

net.core.somaxconn?=?262144?

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans?=?3276800?

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog?=?262144?

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps?=?0?

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries?=?1?

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries?=?1?

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle?=?1?

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse?=?1?

net.ipv4.tcp_mem?=?94500000?915000000?927000000 ?

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout?=?1?

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time?=?1200?

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range?=?1024?65535 ?

EOF ?

/sbin/sysctl?-p ?

#close?ctrl+alt+del ?

sed?-i?"s/ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown?-t3?-r?now/#ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown?-t3?-r?now/"?/etc/inittab ?

#set?purview? ?

chmod?600?/etc/passwd ?

chmod?600?/etc/shadow ?

chmod?600?/etc/group ?

chmod?600?/etc/gshadow?

6、生成并同步所有配置
cobbler sync

7、啟動相關的服務
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/etc/init.d/xinetd start
/etc/init.d/dhcpd start
/etc/init.d/cobblerd start

chkconfig --level 35 httpd on
chkconfig --level 35 xinetd on
chkconfig --level 35 dhcpd on
chkconfig --level 35 cobblerd on

#記得關閉防火墻
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
chkconfig --level 35 iptables off

8、相關配置文件及目錄
cobbler相關配置文件: /etc/cobbler
cobbler數據存儲目錄: /var/www/cobbler
dhcp配置文件: /etc/dhcpd.conf
dhcp租期緩存文件: /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
pxe配置文件: /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
ks模板文件: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts_*.ks

9、客戶端通過PXE安裝系統
啟動另一臺新服務器，通過 PXE 啟動進入，提示"boot:"時輸入"menu"即可進入藍色的 Cobbler 安裝界面，選擇安裝項，自動完成系統安裝。

10、重裝系統
CentOS 5.5默認的Repository里找不到koan，先安裝rpmforce這個Repository
cd /opt
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm

#在要重裝的機器安裝koan?
yum -y install koan?

#查看cobbler服務器有哪些安裝盤?
koan --list-profiles --server=192.168.9.230

#選擇要重裝的系統并重啟?
koan --replace-self --server=192.168.9.230 --profile=kerryOS-1.0-i386
reboot?

11、服務控制腳本
vi /etc/init.d/cobbler_all

#!/bin/sh ?

case?$1?in ?

????????start) ?

???????????????/etc/init.d/httpd?start ?

???????????????/etc/init.d/xinetd?start? ?

???????????????/etc/init.d/dhcpd?start ?

???????????????/etc/init.d/cobblerd?start ?

????????????????;; ?

????????stop) ?

???????????????/etc/init.d/httpd?stop ?

???????????????/etc/init.d/xinetd?stop? ?

???????????????/etc/init.d/dhcpd?stop ?

???????????????/etc/init.d/cobblerd?stop ?

????????????????;; ?

????????status) ?

????????????????/etc/init.d/httpd?status ?

????????????????/etc/init.d/xinetd?status? ?

????????????????/etc/init.d/dhcpd?status ?

????????????????/etc/init.d/cobblerd?status ?

????????????????;;????? ?

?????????sync) ?

????????????????cobbler?sync ?

????????????????;;?????????????????????????? ?

????????*) ?

????????????????echo?"Input?error,please?in?put?'start|stop|status|sync'!";? ?

????????????????exit?2>&1?>/dev/null?& ?

????????????????;;? ?

????????esac?

chmod +x /etc/init.d/cobbler_all

/etc/init.d/cobbler_all? start|stop|startus|sync

本文出自 “聆聽未來” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://kerry.blog.51cto.com/172631/648430

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/navyaijm/809429

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