開集: A subset SSS of a normed linear space (X,∥?∥)(X,\|\cdot\|)(X,∥?∥) is open if for each s∈Ss \in Ss∈S there is an ?>0\epsilon>0?>0 such that B(s,?)?SB(s, \epsilon) \subset SB(s,?)?S
閉集:A subset FFF of a normed linear space (X,∥?∥)(X,\|\cdot\|)(X,∥?∥) is closed if its complement X\FX \backslash FX\F is open
閉包:Let SSS be a subset of a normed linear space (X,∥?∥).(X,\|\cdot\|) .(X,∥?∥). We define the closure of S,S,S, denoted by Sˉ,\bar{S},Sˉ, to be the intersection of all closed sets containing SSS
閉包:包含S的最小的閉集,任意多個閉集的交集仍是閉集。
完備性:A metric space (X,d)(X, d)(X,d) is said to be complete if every Cauchy sequence in XXX converges in XXX.
巴拿赫空間: A normed linear space that is complete with respect to the metric induced by the norm is called a Banach space.
有界: A subset AAA of a normed linear space (X,∥?∥)(X,\|\cdot\|)(X,∥?∥) is bounded if A?B[x,r]A \subset B[x, r]A?B[x,r] for some x∈Xx \in Xx∈X and r>0r>0r>0 It is clear that AAA is bounded if and only if there is a C>0C>0C>0 such that ∥a∥≤C\|a\| \leq C∥a∥≤C for all a∈Aa \in Aa∈A.
對于一個子集,如果存在某個大小的開球可以包住它,那么這個子集就是有界的。
完全有界:A subset AAA of a normed linear space (X,∥?∥)(X,\|\cdot\|)(X,∥?∥) is totally bounded (or precompact) if for any ?>0\epsilon>0?>0 there is a finite ?\epsilon? -net F??XF_{\epsilon} \subset XF???X for AAA. That is, there is a finite set F??XF_{\epsilon} \subset XF???X such that A??x∈F?B(x,?)A \subset \bigcup_{x \in F_{\epsilon}} B(x, \epsilon) A?x∈F????B(x,?)