做此項目的經歷主要的收獲是熟悉了狀態機這一方法的使用，還有就是對每實現一個功能就盡量封裝一個函數這一概念把握的更為精到。

狀態機：關于狀態機的一個極度確切的描述是它是一個有向圖形，由一組節點和一組相應的轉移函數組成。狀態機通過響應一系列事件而“運行”。每個事件都在屬于“當前” 節點的轉移函數的控制范圍內，其中函數的范圍是節點的一個子集。函數返回“下一個”（也許是同一個）節點。這些節點中至少有一個必須是終態。當到達終態， 狀態機停止。（百度摘抄）

首先說明：
C語言注釋是以斜杠星開始到第一次遇到星斜杠為止的一個字符串
CPP注釋是以雙斜杠開始，直到遇到回車為止的一個字符串

1、放聲明的頭文件

#ifndef __COMMENTCONVERT_HEADFILE__ //預編譯指令 #define __COMMENTCONVERT_HEADFILE__#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1 #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define MAX_NUMBER_OF_CHAR 50typedef enum Convert_state //狀態機 {NULL_STATE, //無狀態，即不做任何處理C_STATE, //C注釋狀態CPP_STATE, //CPP注釋狀態STRING_STATE, //字符串狀態 END_STATE //結束狀態 }Con_state;//void CommentConvert(); //void C_Convert_To_CPP(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite); //void CPP_Convert_To_C(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite); //void Null_State_of_C_Con_CPP(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite); //void C_State_of_C_Con_CPP(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite); //void Cpp_State_of_C_Con_CPP(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite); //void Null_State_of_CPP_Con_C(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite); //void C_State_of_CPP_Con_C(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite); //void Cpp_State_of_CPP_Con_C(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite); //void String_Convert(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite);#endif

2、實現聲明的.c文件

#include "CommentConvert.h"Con_state state = NULL_STATE; //聲明一個全局的狀態機變量void menu() {printf("*******************************************\n");printf(" 注釋轉換 \n");printf(" 請選擇程序要實現的功能 \n");printf(" [1] C----->>CPP \n");printf(" [2] CPP----->>C \n");printf(" [0] EXIT \n");printf("*******************************************\n");printf("請選擇>"); }void Null_State_of_C_Con_CPP(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite) {int ch = fgetc(fread);switch (ch) //遇到不同的情況，進入不同的狀態{int next_ch = 0;case '/':next_ch = fgetc(fread);if (next_ch == '*'){fputc(ch, fwrite);fputc('/', fwrite);state = C_STATE;}else if (ch == '/'){fputc(ch, fwrite);fputc(next_ch, fwrite);state = CPP_STATE;}else{fputc(ch, fwrite);fputc(next_ch, fwrite);}break;case '"':fputc(ch, fwrite);state = STRING_STATE;break;case EOF:fputc(ch, fwrite);state = END_STATE;break;default:fputc(ch, fwrite);break;} }void C_State_of_C_Con_CPP(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite) {int ch = fgetc(fread);switch (ch){int next_ch = 0;case '*':next_ch = fgetc(fread);if (next_ch == '/'){char frith_ch = fgetc(fread);if (('\n' != frith_ch) && (EOF != frith_ch)){fputc('\n', fwrite); //輸出回車是因為要是在C語言注釋里遇到“*/”，說明C語言注釋已經結束了，后面的數據//不再是注釋的一部分，而此時本行數據已經被“//”修飾為注釋內容，要是不換行，“*/”//后面的數據也會被當做是注釋的一部分,即使“*/”后面仍為注釋，那么也最好輸出回車，//因為這是兩塊相互獨立的注釋，不換行，就會被認為是一條注釋fseek(fread, -1, SEEK_CUR);}else{fputc(frith_ch, fwrite);}state = NULL_STATE;}else if (next_ch == '*'){fputc(ch, fwrite);fseek(fread, -1, SEEK_CUR);//在此需要回退一個自己的指針，是因為碰到**之后可能接下來的字符時是/，那么會和它的上一個字符*組成一個*/，成為C語言注釋的結束標志，所以需要回退一個字符，判斷此時連續讀取的兩個字符會不會是*/}else{fputc(ch, fwrite);fputc(next_ch, fwrite);}break;case EOF:fputc(ch, fwrite);state = END_STATE;break;case '\n':fputc(ch, fwrite);fputc('/', fwrite);fputc('/', fwrite);break;default:fputc(ch, fwrite);break;} }void Cpp_State_of_C_Con_CPP(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite) {int ch = fgetc(fread);switch (ch){case '\n':fputc(ch, fwrite);state = NULL_STATE;break;case EOF:fputc(ch, fwrite);state = END_STATE;break;default:fputc(ch, fwrite);break;} }void Null_State_of_CPP_Con_C(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite) {int ch = fgetc(fread);switch (ch){int next_ch = 0;case '/':next_ch = fgetc(fread);if (next_ch == '*'){fputc(ch, fwrite);fputc(next_ch, fwrite);state = C_STATE;}else if (ch == '/'){fputc(ch, fwrite);fputc('*', fwrite);state = CPP_STATE;}else{fputc(ch, fwrite);fputc(next_ch, fwrite);}break;case '"':fputc(ch, fwrite);state = STRING_STATE;break;case EOF:fputc(ch, fwrite);state = END_STATE;break;default:fputc(ch, fwrite);break;} }void C_State_of_CPP_Con_C(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite) {int ch = fgetc(fread);switch (ch){int next_ch = 0;case '*':next_ch = fgetc(fread);if (next_ch == '/'){fputc(ch, fwrite);fputc(next_ch, fwrite);state = NULL_STATE;}else if (next_ch == '*'){fputc(ch, fwrite);fseek(fread, -1, SEEK_CUR);}else{fputc(ch, fwrite);fputc(next_ch, fwrite);}break;case EOF:fputc(ch, fwrite);state = END_STATE;break;default:fputc(ch, fwrite);break;} }void Cpp_State_of_CPP_Con_C(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite) {int ch = fgetc(fread);switch (ch){case '\n':fputc('*', fwrite);fputc('/', fwrite);fputc(ch, fwrite);state = NULL_STATE;break;case EOF:fputc(ch, fwrite);state = END_STATE;break;default:fputc(ch, fwrite);break;} }void String_Convert(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite) {int ch = fgetc(fread);switch (ch){case '"':fputc(ch, fwrite);state = NULL_STATE;break;case EOF:fputc(ch, fwrite);state = END_STATE;break;default:fputc(ch, fwrite);break;} }void C_Convert_To_CPP(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite) {while (state != END_STATE){switch (state) //遇到不同的狀態，進入不同的函數{case NULL_STATE:Null_State_of_C_Con_CPP(fread, fwrite);break;case C_STATE:C_State_of_C_Con_CPP(fread, fwrite);break;case CPP_STATE:Cpp_State_of_C_Con_CPP(fread, fwrite);break;case STRING_STATE:String_Convert(fread, fwrite);}}fclose(fread);fclose(fwrite); }void CPP_Convert_To_C(FILE *fread, FILE* fwrite) {while (state != END_STATE){switch (state){case NULL_STATE:Null_State_of_CPP_Con_C(fread, fwrite);break;case C_STATE:C_State_of_CPP_Con_C(fread, fwrite);break;case CPP_STATE:Cpp_State_of_CPP_Con_C(fread, fwrite);break;case STRING_STATE:String_Convert(fread, fwrite);}}fclose(fread);fclose(fwrite); }void CommentConvert() {int input = 1;char select = 'y';char input_file[MAX_NUMBER_OF_CHAR] = { 0 };char output_file[MAX_NUMBER_OF_CHAR] = { 0 };FILE *fread = NULL;FILE *fwrite = NULL;while (input){menu();scanf("%d", &input);switch (input){case 1:printf("請輸入轉換文件的路徑及文件名：");scanf("%s", input_file);fread = fopen(input_file, "r");if (NULL == fread){perror("open file for read");exit("EXIT_FAILURE");}printf("請輸入輸出文件的路徑及文件名：");scanf("%s", output_file);fwrite = fopen(output_file, "w");if (NULL == fwrite){fclose(fread);perror("open file for write");exit("EXIT_FAILURE");}C_Convert_To_CPP(fread, fwrite);printf("轉換成功！\n");printf("請選擇是否繼續轉換其他文件，輸入：y -->>繼續轉換，輸入：n結束轉換\n");printf("請輸入>");fflush(stdin); //因為scanf()函數是以回車結束的，而回車不會被統計到上一次的輸入而被讀入，//而是殘留在緩沖區，所以此處直接用scanf()函數讀取一個字符的話，讀到的就是'\n'，//因此這里要用fflush()清空緩沖區scanf("%c", &select);if (select == 'y'){system("cls");}else{input = 0;}break;case 2:printf("請輸入轉換文件的路徑及文件名：");scanf("%s", input_file);fread = fopen(input_file, "r");if (NULL == fread){perror("open file for read");exit("EXIT_FAILURE");}printf("請輸入輸出文件的路徑及文件名：");scanf("%s", output_file);fwrite = fopen(output_file, "w");if (NULL == fwrite){fclose(fread);perror("open file for write");exit("EXIT_FAILURE");}CPP_Convert_To_C(fread, fwrite);printf("轉換成功！\n");printf("請選擇是否繼續轉換其他文件，輸入：y -->>繼續轉換，輸入：n結束轉換\n");printf("請輸入>");fflush(stdin);scanf("%c", &select);if (select == 'y'){system("cls");}else{input = 0;}break;break;case 0:exit(0);break;default:printf("輸入有誤，請重新輸入！");system("cls");break;}} }

3、用于測試函數功能的測試文件

int main() {CommentConvert();system("pause");return 0; }

程序實現的靠幾個主要的函數，每個函數的作用幾乎都能見名知其義（雖然名字起的很丑很丑很丑），程序邏輯只要從測試函數一點一點開始看起，都能看懂

接下來給出結果：

以上就是程序運行及得到的結果（圖片有些模糊），在此只做了C語言注釋到CPP注釋的轉換，CPP注釋到C語言注釋的轉換與之相似

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