存储-磁盘分区
分區表類型 ?? ?LABEL-TYPE is one of: aix, amiga, bsd, dvh, gpt, mac, msdos, sun, loop
分區類型?? ?PART-TYPE is one of: primary, logical, extended
文件系統類型?? ?FS-TYPE is one of: ext3, ext2, fat32, fat16, hfsx, hfs+, hfs, jfs, linux-swap, ntfs
分區標志 FLAG is one of: boot, root, swap, hidden, raid, lvm, lba, hp-service, palo, prep, msftres, atvrecv
?
?
fdiskgdisk
parted
g?? create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
a?? toggle a bootable flag
c?? toggle the dos compatibility flag
o?? create a new empty DOS partition table
s?? create a new empty Sun disklabel
[root@flt ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 60801.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
?? (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
?? a?? toggle a bootable flag
?? b?? edit bsd disklabel
?? c?? toggle the dos compatibility flag
?? d?? delete a partition
?? l?? list known partition types
?? m?? print this menu
?? n?? add a new partition
?? o?? create a new empty DOS partition table
?? p?? print the partition table
?? q?? quit without saving changes
?? s?? create a new empty Sun disklabel
?? t?? change a partition's system id
?? u?? change display/entry units
?? v?? verify the partition table
?? w?? write table to disk and exit
?? x?? extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): x
Expert command (m for help): m
Command action
?? b?? move beginning of data in a partition
?? c?? change number of cylinders
?? d?? print the raw data in the partition table
?? e?? list extended partitions
?? f?? fix partition order
?? g?? create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
?? h?? change number of heads
?? m?? print this menu
?? p?? print the partition table
?? q?? quit without saving changes
?? r?? return to main menu
?? s?? change number of sectors/track
?? v?? verify the partition table
?? w?? write table to disk and exit
Expert command (m for help): r
Command (m for help):
[root@test1 ~]# parted? /dev/sda
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help
? check NUMBER???????????????????????????? do a simple check on the file system
? cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER?? copy file system to another partition
? help [COMMAND]?????????????????????????? prints general help, or help on COMMAND
? mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE?????????????? create a new disklabel (partition table)
? mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE????????????????????? make a FS-TYPE file system on partititon NUMBER
? mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END???? make a partition
? mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END???? make a partition with a file system
? move NUMBER START END??????????????????? move partition NUMBER
? name NUMBER NAME???????????????????????? name partition NUMBER as NAME
? print [free|NUMBER|all]????????????????? display the partition table, a partition, or all devices
? quit???????????????????????????????????? exit program
? rescue START END???????????????????????? rescue a lost partition near START and END
? resize NUMBER START END????????????????? resize partition NUMBER and its file system
? rm NUMBER??????????????????????????????? delete partition NUMBER
? select DEVICE??????????????????????????? choose the device to edit
? set NUMBER FLAG STATE??????????????????? change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
? toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]?????????????????? toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
? unit UNIT??????????????????????????????? set the default unit to UNIT
? version????????????????????????????????? displays the current version of GNU Parted and copyright information
(parted)
[root@xenserver-gqhoikav ~]# gdisk /dev/sda GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.6.10Partition table scan:MBR: protectiveBSD: not presentAPM: not presentGPT: presentFound valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.Command (? for help): help b back up GPT data to a file c change a partition's name d delete a partition i show detailed information on a partition l list known partition types n add a new partition o create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT) p print the partition table q quit without saving changes r recovery and transformation options (experts only) s sort partitions t change a partition's type code v verify disk w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) ? print this menuCommand (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 1
下面的guid針對唯一的分區類型是一樣的，而第二行是針對每一個唯一的分區而言的
Partition GUID code: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (Linux/Windows data)
Partition unique GUID: CCF291F5-B031-4592-BB31-42433B899CAE
First sector: 2048 (at 1024.0 KiB)
Last sector: 8388641 (at 4.0 GiB)
Partition size: 8386594 sectors (4.0 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000004
Partition name:
Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 2
Partition GUID code: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (Linux/Windows data)
Partition unique GUID: D7C3ED47-1C8D-4441-A63D-B4738FBF33EF
First sector: 8390656 (at 4.0 GiB)
Last sector: 16777249 (at 8.0 GiB)
Partition size: 8386594 sectors (4.0 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name:
Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 3
Partition GUID code: E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928 (Linux LVM)
Partition unique GUID: BBD06257-0A0F-424A-A5E3-9E6C01E35A36
First sector: 16779264 (at 8.0 GiB)
Last sector: 976773134 (at 465.8 GiB)
Partition size: 959993871 sectors (457.8 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name:
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): A9328BFA-2219-4AE0-93E6-A3FF865C62CB
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 6042 sectors (3.0 MiB)
Number? Start (sector)??? End (sector)? Size?????? Code? Name
?? 1??????????? 2048???????? 8388641?? 4.0 GiB???? 0700
?? 2???????? 8390656??????? 16777249?? 4.0 GiB???? 0700
?? 3??????? 16779264?????? 976773134?? 457.8 GiB?? 8E00
Command (? for help):
?
?
msdos分區表 三主一擴展
gpt分區表 GUID Partition Table 全局唯一標識磁盤分區表 是一個實體硬盤的分區表的結構布局的標準。它是可擴展固件接口（EFI）標準（被Intel用于替代個人計算機的BIOS）的一部分，被用于替代BIOS系統中的一32bits來存儲邏輯塊地址和大小信息的主開機紀錄（MBR）分區表。
不管是什么操作系統，都是安裝在硬盤上的，所在就有相應的格式，這就是根本所在
partition schema of ESXi,win,centos,xenserver,openfiler
windows7的分區類型
centos6.5的分區類型
xenserver6.2的分區類型
esxi5.1的分區類型
openfiler2.99的分區類型
sgi irix www.sgi.com
ibm aix
?
?
*物理存儲介質（PhysicalStorageMedia）
指系統的物理存儲設備：磁盤，如：/dev/hda、/dev/sda等，是存儲系統最底層的存儲單元。
*物理卷（Physical Volume，PV）
指磁盤分區或從邏輯上與磁盤分區具有同樣功能的設備（如RAID），是LVM的基本存儲邏輯塊，但和基本的物理存儲介質（如分區、磁盤等）比較，卻包含有與LVM相關的管理參數。
分區與物理卷是不一樣的，把分區做成物理卷
/dev/sda3與pv
?
?
我們的操作系統是靠磁盤分區信息表上的分區類型標志來識別每一個磁盤分區的類型，下面是常見的各種分區類型標志，其中紅色和藍色是最常用的Windows系列操作系統所使用的分區類型，分區類型標志位標志與分區實際格式不符也是常見磁盤的故障，在數據恢復業務中會占到1-2%的比例。
| 磁盤分區類型標志 | |||
| 00 | 空,DOS或Windows不允許使用,視為非法 | 5C | Priam Edisk |
| 01 | FAT12 | 61 | Speed Stor |
| 02 | XENIX? root | 63 | GNU HURD or Sys |
| 03 | XENIX? usr | 64 | Novell Netware |
| 06 | FAT16?04?表示分區小于32M | 65 | Novell Netware |
| 07 | HPFS / NTFS | 70 | Disk Secure Mult |
| 08 | AIX | 75 | PC/IX |
| 09 | AIX? bootable | 80 | Old Minix |
| 0A | OS/2? Boot Manage | 81 | Minix/Old Linux |
| 0B | Win95 FAT32 | 82 | Linux swap |
| 0C | Win95 FAT32 | 83 | Linux |
| 0E | Win95 FAT16 | 84 | 0s/2 hidden C: |
| 0F | Win95 Extended(大于 8GB) | 85 | Linux extended |
| 10 | OPUS | 86 | NTFS volume set |
| 11 | Hidden FAT12 | 87 | NTFS volume set |
| 12 | Compaq diagmost | 93 | Amoeba |
| 16 | HiddenFAT16 | 94 | Amoeba BBT |
| 14 | Hidden FAT16<32MB | A0 | IBM Thinkpad hidden |
| 17 | Hidden HPFS/NTFS | A5 | BSD/386 |
| 18 | AST Windows swap | A6 | Open BSD |
| 1B | Hidden FAT32 | A7 | NextSTEP |
| 1C | Hidden FAT32 partition (using LBA-mode INT 13 extensions) | B7 | BSDI fs |
| B8 | BSDI swap | ||
| 1E | Hidden LBA VFAT partition | BE | Solaris boot partition |
| 24 | NEC DOS | C0 | DR-DOS/Novell DOS secured partition |
| 3C | Partition Magic | C1 | DRDOS/sec |
| 40 | Venix 80286 | C4 | DRDOS/sec |
| 41 | PPC Perp Boot | C6 | DRDOS/sec |
| 42 | NTFS動態分區 | C7 | Syrinx |
| 4D | QNX4.x | DB | CP/M/CTOS |
| 4E | QNX4.x 2nd part | E1 | DOS access |
| 4F | QNX4.x 3rd part | E3 | DOS r/0 |
| 50 | OnTrack DM | E4 | Speedstor |
| 51 | OnTrack DM6 Aux | EB | BeoS fs |
| 52 | CP/M | F1 | SpeedStor |
| 53 | OnTrack DM6 Aux | F2 | DOS 3.3+secondary partition |
| 54 | OnTrack DM6 | F4 | SpeedStor |
| 55 | EZ-Drive | FE | LAN step |
| 56 | Golden Bow | FF | BBT |
?
Command (m for help): l0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS accessa OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/Ob W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStorc W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fse W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPTf W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1?
?
(parted) help mkpartmkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partitionPART-TYPE is one of: primary, logical, extendedFS-TYPE is one of: ext3, ext2, fat32, fat16, hfsx, hfs+, hfs, jfs, linux-swap, ntfs, reiserfs, hp-ufs, sun-ufs, xfs, apfs2, apfs1, asfs, amufs5, amufs4, amufs3, amufs2,amufs1, amufs0, amufs, affs7, affs6, affs5, affs4, affs3, affs2, affs1, affs0START and END are disk locations, such as 4GB or 10%. Negative values count from the end of the disk. For example, -1s specifies exactly the last sector.'mkpart' makes a partition without creating a new file system on the partition. FS-TYPE may be specified to set an appropriate partition ID. (parted) quit?
?
?
esx5.1的分區/vmfs/device目錄很重要
~ # esxcli storage core device list t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0Display Name: Local ATA Disk (t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0)Has Settable Display Name: trueSize: 476940Device Type: Direct-AccessMultipath Plugin: NMPDevfs Path: /vmfs/devices/disks/t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0Vendor: ATAModel: ST500DM002-1BD14Revision: KC45SCSI Level: 5Is Pseudo: falseStatus: onIs RDM Capable: falseIs Local: trueIs Removable: falseIs SSD: falseIs Offline: falseIs Perennially Reserved: falseQueue Full Sample Size: 0Queue Full Threshold: 0Thin Provisioning Status: unknownAttached Filters:VAAI Status: unknownOther UIDs: vml.01000000002020202020202020202020205a33544659364830535435303044Is Local SAS Device: falseIs Boot USB Device: false
~ # esxcli storage core device partition list
Device???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Partition? Start Sector? End Sector? Type????????? Size
-------------------------------------------------------------------------? ---------? ------------? ----------? ----? ------------
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 0???????????? 0?? 976773168???? 0? 500107862016
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 1??????????? 64??????? 8192???? 0?????? 4161536
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 2?????? 1843200??? 10229760???? 6??? 4293918720
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 3????? 10229760?? 976773135??? fb? 494870208000
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 5????????? 8224????? 520192???? 6???? 262127616
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 6??????? 520224???? 1032192???? 6???? 262127616
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 7?????? 1032224???? 1257472??? fc???? 115326976
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 8?????? 1257504???? 1843200???? 6???? 299876352
esx5.0版沒有showguid
~ # esxcli storage core device partition showguid
Device???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Partition? Layout? GUID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------? ---------? ------? --------------------------------
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 0? GPT???? 00000000000000000000000000000000
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 1? GPT???? c12a7328f81f11d2ba4b00a0c93ec93b
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 2? GPT???? ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 3? GPT???? aa31e02a400f11db9590000c2911d1b8
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 5? GPT???? ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 6? GPT???? ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 7? GPT???? 9d27538040ad11dbbf97000c2911d1b8
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0????????? 8? GPT???? ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
esx5.0的硬件
~ # esxcli storage core adapter list
HBA Name? Driver???? Link State? UID??????????? Description
--------? ---------? ----------? -------------? ---------------------------------------------------------------------
vmhba0??? ahci?????? link-n/a??? sata.vmhba0??? (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba32?? ahci?????? link-n/a??? sata.vmhba32?? (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba33?? ahci?????? link-n/a??? sata.vmhba33?? (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba34?? ahci?????? link-n/a??? sata.vmhba34?? (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba35?? ahci?????? link-n/a??? sata.vmhba35?? (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba36?? ahci?????? link-n/a??? sata.vmhba36?? (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba37?? iscsi_vmk? online????? iscsi.vmhba37? iSCSI Software Adapter
?
?
lvm備份信息 /etc/lvm目錄/dev/disk目錄也很重要
[root@xenserver-flt backup]# ll total 8 -rw------- 1 root root 3904 May 21 16:46 VG_XenStorage-85ce0366-7bf3-c074-ca54-d3a9f908e3db -rw------- 1 root root 3558 Sep 18 16:02 VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f [root@xenserver-flt backup]# less VG_XenStorage-85ce0366-7bf3-c074-ca54-d3a9f908e3db[root@xenserver-flt ~]# xe vm-list uuid ( RO) : c34d6c6d-3f33-c073-25f5-1f4bbdf65ccfname-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5_templatepower-state ( RO): halteduuid ( RO) : 4c34d88d-d6fa-e706-cede-f60ec3f5da00name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit) _Mailpower-state ( RO): halteduuid ( RO) : 31f0faa0-29cd-4054-973d-81349762fda4name-label ( RW): Control domain on host: xenserver-fltpower-state ( RO): runninguuid ( RO) : a69506ea-e8fa-0a9b-a0de-409c6da7f370name-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5_SVNpower-state ( RO): halteduuid ( RO) : 1c16616b-099a-0400-b4d3-a36277b45fbaname-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5(FILE)power-state ( RO): halteduuid ( RO) : 2edccca8-b608-f06a-b210-f6abcd9e75d2name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit) _templatepower-state ( RO): halteduuid ( RO) : 6beb4fca-7b93-d9fb-bcd2-dad6354738e4name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit)(OA)power-state ( RO): halted[root@xenserver-flt mapper]# pvdisplay--- Physical volume ---PV Name /dev/sdbVG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4fPV Size 465.76 GB / not usable 8.10 MBAllocatable yesPE Size (KByte) 4096Total PE 119232Free PE 67406Allocated PE 51826PV UUID jn47SO-hAXu-ASKy-BwBh-iJtq-GmCb-lDCsxj[root@xenserver-flt mapper]# vgdisplay--- Volume group ---VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4fSystem IDFormat lvm2Metadata Areas 1Metadata Sequence No 107VG Access read/writeVG Status resizableMAX LV 0Cur LV 7Open LV 0Max PV 0Cur PV 1Act PV 1VG Size 465.75 GBPE Size 4.00 MBTotal PE 119232Alloc PE / Size 51826 / 202.45 GBFree PE / Size 67406 / 263.30 GBVG UUID 3TNxBp-PtAk-Xxia-6aIq-BTzI-oT1Y-GFx2ex[root@xenserver-flt mapper]# lvdisplay--- Logical volume ---LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/MGTVG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4fLV UUID KaL8Bh-XpuX-G9Cq-SXUr-Pn7A-DDve-sepHWBLV Write Access read/writeLV Status available# open 0LV Size 4.00 MBCurrent LE 1Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto- currently set to 1024Block device 252:0--- Logical volume ---LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-509e25fc-f708-4849-9ed6-393235f3b611VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4fLV UUID Ze9gvg-Re7Z-v71E-RzJx-oU8U-aWuc-KkThsLLV Write Access read/writeLV Status NOT availableLV Size 40.09 GBCurrent LE 10262Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto--- Logical volume ---LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-826741c7-5064-45c0-810d-ddbfc2a7f8eaVG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4fLV UUID heNU6V-95tA-me2v-O73u-4bI8-1h1J-ydp3bOLV Write Access read/writeLV Status NOT availableLV Size 50.11 GBCurrent LE 12827Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto--- Logical volume ---LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-4d6c90eb-13b5-4f12-9115-b0609b62074aVG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4fLV UUID YKudqI-ldHa-bhK4-jRYn-UBIu-kGAu-WxtVyMLV Write Access read/writeLV Status NOT availableLV Size 16.04 GBCurrent LE 4106Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto--- Logical volume ---LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-4674802b-6ef0-415f-b4d5-933b056deea1VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4fLV UUID gXlbQ5-tr0G-s7ja-dk68-PcIY-nfrC-1EGC8QLV Write Access read/writeLV Status NOT availableLV Size 16.04 GBCurrent LE 4106Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto--- Logical volume ---LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-8be06a30-e705-44b4-8f6f-8f96d242090dVG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4fLV UUID WPuQVw-aNNz-Oqiz-D92J-gU0S-dkL5-kM2zgaLV Write Access read/writeLV Status NOT availableLV Size 40.09 GBCurrent LE 10262Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto--- Logical volume ---LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-3bf8e4f3-6ca0-4b99-960c-9db6bc2d5a66VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4fLV UUID 4F7Bya-D96U-nftP-13He-1tJR-dG6Q-mIMvg9LV Write Access read/writeLV Status NOT availableLV Size 40.09 GBCurrent LE 10262Segments 2Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto[root@xenserver-flt mapper]#
?
win7安裝界面如果出現不能安裝到這個磁盤時，大多數情況下是本磁盤是一個gpt,需要轉換成mbr，或者相反。在選擇分區界面，按下SHIFT+F10調出cmd命令提示符diskpart help list disk select disk 0 clean convert mbr convert gpt list partition建立EFI分區及系統安裝分區 create partition efi size=100 建立efi分區 create partition msr size=128 建立msr分區（如果引導mac系統的話） create partition primary size=50000 list partition format fs=ntfs quick?
?
diskgenuis轉換mbr為gpt
GPT分區表建立完成后，接著新建分區，會有如下選擇：
1.如果你的電腦BIOS設置中有EFI這選項，就選擇”ESP分區“；
2.如果你的電腦BIOS設置中沒有這選項，就選擇”MSR分區“，
接下來自己創建分區，如果裝系統不行，就還原到原來的MBR分區表。
GPT分區表可以創建多個主分區，但沒有一個分區是表示活動的。
?
MSR分區
MSR分區（Microsoft Reserved Partition，縮寫MSR）即Microsoft 保留 (MSR) 分區。是每個 在GUID 分區表 (GPT) 上的 Windows操作系統（windows7以上）都要求的分區。
MSR 分區的大小會因 GPT 磁盤的大小不同而發生變化。對于小于 16 GB 的磁盤，MSR 分區為 32 MB。對于大于 16 GB 的磁盤，MSR 分區為 128 MB。MSR 分區在“磁盤管理”中不可見，用戶也無法在 MSR 分區上存儲或刪除數據。
ESP分區
EFI系統分區，即 EFI system partition，簡寫為 ESP。ESP 是一個 FAT16 或 FAT32 格式的物理分區，但是其分區標識是 EF (十六進制) 而非常規的 0E 或 0C，因此，該分區在 Windows 操作系統下一般是不可見的。支持 EFI 模式的電腦需要從 ESP 啟動系統，EFI 固件可從 ESP 加載 EFI 啟動程序或者應用
EFI 規范規定 ESP 使用 FAT 格式。盡管這種老舊的格式有很多局限性，但也不算一無是處。尤其開發者來說，系統中有個 FAT32 分區是很好的，因為經常使用多個系統，包括 Windows、Linux、FreeBSD，而這些系統都能安全地訪問 FAT 分區，因此，可以把各個系統的啟動相關的文件包括啟動管理程序等放到 ESP 里，而且，這也方便在一個系統中去修改另一個系統的啟動文件，至少可以把 ESP 當作各個系統的公共交換空間。
ESP是一個獨立于操作系統之外的分區，操作系統被引導之后，就不再依賴它。這使得 ESP 非常適合用來存儲那些系統級的維護性的工具和數據，比如：引導管理程序、驅動程序、系統維護工具、系統備份等，甚至可以在 ESP 里安裝一個特殊的操作系統（SlaTaz Linux? PuppyLinux? Win PE?）。
盡管 ESP 分區是一個 FAT 格式的分區，但它的分區標識卻是一個特別的標識(EF)，EFI 規范的這一規定使得 ESP 在 Windows 下一般是不可見的，起碼，對一般的 Windows 用戶來說，這是一塊“無法訪問”的隱藏起來的區域。這意味什么？我們可以利用這個特點做什么？
我們不妨先回顧下其它煞費苦心地劃分特殊分區以達到特殊目的的一些技術或方案。許多品牌機會在硬盤里劃分一個特殊的隱藏的分區，用以存放系統恢復鏡像等文件，可利用該分區“一鍵”恢復系統。無憂論壇上提到了UD隱藏分區，在磁盤上劃分一塊未使用的空白區域，用于存儲引導文件甚至PE系統。除了這些，應該還有一些類似的東西，它們的目標其實都是為了維護或恢復系統，一般來說，木馬和病毒不會破壞這些分區里的文件，普通用戶也不會觸及它們，使得它們相對來說是安全的。但是，它們的用戶其實只是普通的 Windows 使用者，其它操作系統的用戶，以及稍懂點技術的 Windows 用戶，非常不愿意見到那些“多余”的分區，相信許多人都會把那些分區刪除了吧？不過，ESP 呢？與提及的那些技術相比，ESP 也可以看作是一個特殊的分區，它有何特別？
首先，EFI 規范要求有 ESP，既然是強制的，那我們不妨拿它多做點事，而不是去刪除它。其次，與上面提及的那些技術相比，ESP 也可以看做是一個安全的隱藏的分區，這使得我們完全可以使用 ESP 來替代那些技術，我們可以把引導管理程序、系統維護工具、系統恢復工具及鏡像等放到 ESP，可以自己打造“一鍵恢復系統”，等等。而且，不僅可以自己進行 DIY，還要更方便、更通用。再者，ESP 是個標準的 FAT 分區，因此與上面提及的那些技術不同，ESP 在“隱藏”的同時并沒有失去可訪問性，不管你用什么操作系統，都是可以安全地訪問它的（后面講），所以，ESP 絕不會是“多余”的，相反，它很有用。
?
EFI拋棄了存貯在ROM上的方式，其文件系統存儲在硬盤獨立劃定的區域內。
EFI的英文全稱是Extensible Firmware Interface，中文名是可擴展固件接口，早在2006年的上半年，Intel曾經在IDF上進行過EFI的演示。要使用EFI系統，必須主板和操作系統都支持EFI功能，目前支持EFI功能的操作系統有Mac OS X、Vista和Server 2003。
EFI是以小型磁盤分區的形式存放在硬盤上的。EFI的安裝，必須在支持EFI功能的主板上，使用光驅引導系統，然后對磁盤進行EFI化的處理，這個處理的過程，主要就是劃分EFI獨用的磁盤空間。
EFI的存儲空間大約為50MB到100MB，具體視驅動文件多少而定。在這部分空間中，包含以下幾個部分：
1. Pre-EFI初始化模塊
2. EFI驅動執行環境
3. EFI驅動程序
4. 兼容性支持模塊（CSM）
5. EFI高層應用
6. GUID 磁盤分區
總結
- 上一篇： idea2020.03 lombok异常
- 下一篇： Markdown 基础学习