前言，Android的網絡通信的方式有兩種：使用Socket或者HTTP，今天這一篇我們詳細講解使用HTTP實現的網絡通信，HTTP又包括兩種方式編程方式：

（1）HttpUrlConnection；

（2）HttpClient；

? ?好了，我們直接進行講解，當然之前也會有一部分有關Android網絡通信的其他知識，我們也應該了解。

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一.獲取網絡狀態的方法

（1）MainActivity.java中的關鍵代碼

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//網絡管理類，可以判斷是否能上網，以及網絡類型 ????????????ConnectivityManager cm=(ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE); ????????????NetworkInfo info=cm.getActiveNetworkInfo(); ????????????if(info!=null){ ????????????????Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,?"連網正常"+info.getTypeName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); ????????????}else{ ????????????????Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,?"未連網", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); ????????????}

（2）注意：一定要在主配置文件中增加這個權限

? ?它是application的兄弟標簽：

1	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>

（3）OK，我們看一下我們的設備的上網狀態和類型吧：

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二.使用URL訪問網頁源碼

（1）MainActivity.java：

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package?com.example.l0903_urldata; import?java.io.BufferedReader; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.io.InputStreamReader; import?java.net.MalformedURLException; import?java.net.URL; import?android.app.Activity; import?android.os.Bundle; /** ?* 訪問網頁源碼 ?* @author asus ?* ?*/ public?class?MainActivity?extends?Activity { ????@Override ????protected?void?onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ????????setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ????????try?{ ????????????//訪問百度的html文件的源碼 ????????????InputStream is=new?URL("http://www.baidu.com").openStream(); ????????????//讀取數據的包裝流 ????????????BufferedReader br=new?BufferedReader(new?InputStreamReader(is)); ????????????//str用于讀取一行數據 ????????????String str=null; ????????????//StringBuffer用于存儲所欲數據 ????????????StringBuffer sb=new?StringBuffer(); ????????????while((str=br.readLine())!=null){ ????????????????sb.append(str); ????????????} ????????????System.out.println(sb.toString()); ????????}?catch?(MalformedURLException e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????}?catch?(IOException e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????} }

（2）注意：有關網絡的操作都需要在主配置文件里添加下面這個權限：

1	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

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三.WebView 控件的簡單使用

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package?com.example.l0903_webview; import?android.app.Activity; import?android.os.Bundle; import?android.webkit.WebView; /** ?* 就是一個瀏覽器控件 ?* 其實沒什么用 ?* @author asus ?* ?*/ public?class?MainActivity?extends?Activity { ????private?WebView wv; ????@Override ????protected?void?onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ????????setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ????????wv=(WebView) findViewById(R.id.webView1); ????????//WebView控件的方法，loadUrl用于加載指定的網絡地址 ????????wv.loadUrl("http://www.baidu.com"); ????} }

? ?運行效果：

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四.使用HttpUrlConnection的編寫方式實現Android的網絡通信

1.首先，自己先搭建一個服務器：

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2.下面是客戶端的事了：

(1)通過get方式：

? ?MainActivity.java：

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package?com.example.l0903_httpurlcnectionget; import?java.io.BufferedReader; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.io.InputStreamReader; import?java.net.HttpURLConnection; import?java.net.MalformedURLException; import?java.net.URL; import?android.app.Activity; import?android.os.Bundle; import?android.view.View; import?android.view.View.OnClickListener; import?android.widget.EditText; import?android.widget.TextView; /** ?* 通過Get方法獲取服務器的數據 ?* 直接在地址中用"?+鍵值+value"的方式來使用 ?* 所以傳遞的參數直接顯示出來，不安全 ?* @author asus ?* ?*/ public?class?MainActivity?extends?Activity { ????private?HttpURLConnection conn; ????private?URL url; ????private?InputStream is; ????private?TextView tv; ????private?EditText et; ????private?String name; ????@Override ????protected?void?onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ????????setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ????????tv=(TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1); ????????et=(EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1); ????????findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(new?OnClickListener() { ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????@Override ????????????public?void?onClick(View v) { ????????????????name=et.getText().toString(); ????????????????//定義訪問的服務器地址，10.0.2.2是Android的訪問的本地服務器地址 ????????????????String urlDate="http://10.0.2.2:8080/My_Service/webdate.jsp?name="+name; ????????????????try?{ ????????????????????//封裝訪問服務器的地址 ????????????????????url=new?URL(urlDate); ????????????????????try?{ ????????????????????????//打開對服務器的連接 ????????????????????????conn=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); ????????????????????????//連接服務器 ????????????????????????conn.connect(); ????????????????????????/**讀入服務器數據的過程**/ ????????????????????????//得到輸入流 ????????????????????????is=conn.getInputStream(); ????????????????????????//創建包裝流 ????????????????????????BufferedReader br=new?BufferedReader(new?InputStreamReader(is)); ????????????????????????//定義String類型用于儲存單行數據 ????????????????????????String line=null; ????????????????????????//創建StringBuffer對象用于存儲所有數據 ????????????????????????StringBuffer sb=new?StringBuffer(); ????????????????????????while((line=br.readLine())!=null){ ????????????????????????????sb.append(line); ????????????????????????} ????????????????????????//用TextView顯示接收的服務器數據 ????????????????????????tv.setText(sb.toString()); ????????????????????????System.out.println(sb.toString()); ????????????????????}?catch?(IOException e) { ????????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????????} ????????????????}?catch?(MalformedURLException e) { ????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????} ????????????} ????????}); ????} }

? ?權限（同上面第二個，所有與網絡有關的操作都需要添加，下面的就不再贅述了）

? ?運行效果：

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（2）通過post方式（安全）

MainActivity.java

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package?com.example.l0903_httpurlconectionpost; import?java.io.BufferedReader; import?java.io.DataOutputStream; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.io.InputStreamReader; import?java.io.OutputStream; import?java.net.HttpURLConnection; import?java.net.MalformedURLException; import?java.net.URL; import?java.net.URLEncoder; import?android.app.Activity; import?android.os.Bundle; import?android.view.View; import?android.view.View.OnClickListener; import?android.widget.EditText; import?android.widget.TextView; /** ?* 通過Post方法傳遞參數 ?* 安全 ?* @author asus ?* ?*/ public?class?MainActivity?extends?Activity { ????private?HttpURLConnection conn; ????private?URL url; ????private?InputStream is; ????private?OutputStream os; ????private?EditText et; ????private?TextView tv; ????@Override ????protected?void?onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ????????setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ????????et=(EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1); ????????tv=(TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv); ????????findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(new?OnClickListener() { ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????@Override ????????????public?void?onClick(View v) { ????????????????// TODO Auto-generated method stub ????????????????String urlDate="http://10.0.2.2:8080/My_Service/webdate.jsp"; ????????????????try?{ ????????????????????url=new?URL(urlDate); ????????????????????try?{ ????????????????????????//打開服務器 ????????????????????????conn=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); ????????????????????????//設置輸入輸出流 ????????????????????????conn.setDoOutput(true); ????????????????????????conn.setDoInput(true); ????????????????????????//設置請求的方法為Post ????????????????????????conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); ????????????????????????//Post方式不能緩存數據，則需要手動設置使用緩存的值為false ????????????????????????conn.setUseCaches(false); ????????????????????????//連接數據庫 ????????????????????????conn.connect(); ????????????????????????/**寫入參數**/ ????????????????????????os=conn.getOutputStream(); ????????????????????????//封裝寫給服務器的數據（這里是要傳遞的參數） ????????????????????????DataOutputStream dos=new?DataOutputStream(os); ????????????????????????//寫方法：name是key值不能變，編碼方式使用UTF-8可以用中文 ????????????????????????dos.writeBytes("name="+URLEncoder.encode(et.getText().toString(),?"UTF-8")); ????????????????????????//關閉外包裝流 ????????????????????????dos.close(); ????????????????????????/**讀服務器數據**/ ????????????????????????is=conn.getInputStream(); ????????????????????????BufferedReader br=new?BufferedReader(new?InputStreamReader(is)); ????????????????????????String line=null; ????????????????????????StringBuffer sb=new?StringBuffer(); ????????????????????????while((line=br.readLine())!=null){ ????????????????????????????sb.append(line); ????????????????????????} ????????????????????????tv.setText(sb.toString()); ????????????????????????System.out.println(sb.toString()); ????????????????????}?catch?(IOException e) { ????????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????????} ????????????????}?catch?(MalformedURLException e) { ????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????} ????????????} ????????}); ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????} }

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五.使用HttpClient的編寫方式實現Android的網絡通信

1.服務器同上；

2.使用get的方式：

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package?com.example.l0903_http_get; import?java.io.BufferedReader; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.io.InputStreamReader; import?org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import?org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import?org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import?org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import?org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import?org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import?android.app.Activity; import?android.os.Bundle; public?class?MainActivity?extends?Activity { ????private?HttpGet get; ????private?HttpClient cliet; ????private?HttpResponse response; ????private?HttpEntity entity; ????private?InputStream is; ????@Override ????protected?void?onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ????????setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ????????get=new?HttpGet("http://10.0.2.2:8080/My_Service/webdate.jsp?name=ooooooo"); ????????cliet=new?DefaultHttpClient(); ????????try?{ ????????????response=cliet.execute(get); ????????????entity=response.getEntity(); ????????????is=entity.getContent(); ????????????BufferedReader br=new?BufferedReader(new?InputStreamReader(is)); ????????????String line=null; ????????????StringBuffer sb=new?StringBuffer(); ????????????while((line=br.readLine())!=null){ ????????????????sb.append(line); ????????????} ????????????System.out.println(sb.toString()); ????????}?catch?(ClientProtocolException e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????}?catch?(IOException e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????} }

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3.使用post的方式：

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package?com.example.l0903_http_post; import?java.io.BufferedReader; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.io.InputStreamReader; import?java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import?java.util.ArrayList; import?java.util.List; import?org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import?org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import?org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import?org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import?org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import?org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import?org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import?org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import?android.app.Activity; import?android.os.Bundle; public?class?MainActivity?extends?Activity { ????//創建請求對象 ????private?HttpPost post; ????//創建客戶端對象 ????private?HttpClient cliet; ????//創建發送請求的對象 ????private?HttpResponse response; ????// ????private?UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEntity; ????//創建接收返回數據的對象 ????private?HttpEntity entity; ????//創建流對象 ????private?InputStream is; ????@Override ????protected?void?onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ????????setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ????????//包裝請求的地址 ????????post=new?HttpPost("http://10.0.2.2:8080/My_Service/webdate.jsp"); ????????//創建默認的客戶端對象 ????????cliet=new?DefaultHttpClient(); ????????//用list封裝要向服務器端發送的參數 ????????List<BasicNameValuePair> pairs=new?ArrayList<BasicNameValuePair>(); ????????pairs.add(new?BasicNameValuePair("name",?"llllllllll")); ????????try?{ ????????????//用UrlEncodedFormEntity來封裝List對象 ????????????urlEntity=new?UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairs); ????????????//設置使用的Entity ????????????post.setEntity(urlEntity); ????????????try?{ ????????????????//客戶端開始向指定的網址發送請求 ????????????????response=cliet.execute(post); ????????????????//獲得請求的Entity ????????????????entity=response.getEntity(); ????????????????is=entity.getContent(); ????????????????//下面是讀取數據的過程 ????????????????BufferedReader br=new?BufferedReader(new?InputStreamReader(is)); ????????????????String line=null; ????????????????StringBuffer sb=new?StringBuffer(); ????????????????while((line=br.readLine())!=null){ ????????????????????sb.append(line); ????????????????} ????????????????System.out.println(sb.toString()); ????????????}?catch?(ClientProtocolException e) { ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????}?catch?(IOException e) { ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????} ????????}?catch?(UnsupportedEncodingException e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????} }

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4.實現HttpClient通信與AsyncTask異步機制的結合：

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package?com.example.l0903_http_asynctask_get; import?java.io.BufferedReader; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.io.InputStreamReader; import?org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import?org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import?org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import?org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import?org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import?org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import?android.app.Activity; import?android.app.ProgressDialog; import?android.os.AsyncTask; import?android.os.Bundle; import?android.widget.TextView; /** ?* ?* @author asus ?* ?*/ public?class?MainActivity?extends?Activity { ????private?TextView tv;// 創建請求對象 ????private?HttpGet httpGet; ????// 創建客戶端對象 ????private?HttpClient httpClient; ????// 發送請求的對象 ????private?HttpResponse httpResponse; ????// 接收返回數據 ????private?HttpEntity httpEntity; ????// 創建流 ????private?InputStream in; ????private?ProgressDialog pd; ????@Override ????protected?void?onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ????????setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ????????tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv); ????????AsyncTask<String, Void, String> asyncTask =?new?AsyncTask<String, Void, String>() { ????????????@Override ????????????protected?String doInString...? params) { ????????????????String urlstr = params[0]; ????????????????httpGet =?new?HttpGet(urlstr); ????????????????httpClient =?new?DefaultHttpClient(); ????????????????try?{ ????????????????????// 向服務器端發送請求 ????????????????????httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet); ????????????????????httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity(); ????????????????????in = httpEntity.getContent(); ????????????????????BufferedReader br =?new?BufferedReader( ????????????????????????????new?InputStreamReader(in)); ????????????????????String line =?null; ????????????????????StringBuffer sb =?new?StringBuffer(); ????????????????????while?((line = br.readLine()) !=?null) { ????????????????????????sb.append(line); ????????????????????} ????????????????????System.out.println(sb.toString()); ????????????????????return?sb.toString(); ????????????????}?catch?(ClientProtocolException e) { ????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????}?catch?(IOException e) { ????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????} ????????????????return?null; ????????????} ????????????@Override ????????????protected?void?onPostExecute(String result) { ????????????????if?(result !=?null) { ????????????????????tv.setText(result); ????????????????????pd.dismiss();// 消除dialog ????????????????} ????????????????super.onPostExecute(result); ????????????} ????????}; ????????pd = ProgressDialog.show(this,?"請稍后。。。",?"正在請求數據"); ????????asyncTask.execute("http://10.0.2.2:8080/My_Service/webdate.jsp?name=haha&age=hh"); ????} }

運行效果：

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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/AceIsSunshineRain/p/5095137.html

總結

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