第一部分：準備Ubuntu12.04的啟動盤

Ubuntu支持可移動盤和CDROM安裝，筆者選擇后者。在Ubuntu官網http://www.ubuntu.org.cn/download/desktop下載Ubuntu鏡像文件(.iso)，通過光盤刻錄機將該鏡像文件刻錄到一張空白CD/DVD上。

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第二部分：安裝Ubuntu12.04

第一步、將CD/DVD啟動盤插入光驅中，一般長按鍵盤左上角的Esc鍵，進入啟動頁面,選擇CDROM安裝。

第二步、分區

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 安裝時有三個選項，選擇最后一個手動分區。自動分區Ubuntu會覆蓋整個硬盤，手動分區可以選擇安裝大小，若計算機還要裝其他系統，則選擇手動分區。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ubuntu至少分三個區, ?/ 、/home 和swap

? ?我的分區方案如下：

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 主分區　　/　　 ? ? ? 6000M ? ? ? ? ? ?根目錄，用來存儲用戶的一些基本配置文件

? ? ? ? ? ? ? 邏輯分區 ? /boot ? ? ?200M ? ? ? ? ? ?用于存儲系統的引導文件

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/home ? ?50000M ? ? ? ? ?用來存儲用戶的程序，文件，文檔等等，剩余硬盤的最大空間

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?/usr ? ? ? ?5000M ? ? ? ? ??用來存放系統軟件的地方，可自定義

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?交換空間 ? swap ? ? ? 2048M ? ? ? ? ?是讓內存臨時存儲文件的專用空間，一般大小為內存的兩倍，但不超過2G

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?根據安裝提示，依次填寫安裝，不再詳述。

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第三部分：整理Ubuntu12.04

第一步、 ?? Ubuntu12.04更新源

????????????????? 安裝完成，首先要做的就是更新源，因為系統自帶的是歐洲官方源，速度較慢。

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 在終端輸入：sudo ?cp ?/etc/apt/sources.list ?/etc/apt/sources.list_backup

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?sudo ?gedit ?/etc/apt/sources.list

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 將其替換為：

?#Ubuntu官方提供的其他軟件（第三方閉源軟件等） ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ precise partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main

#骨頭兄親自搭建并維護的 Ubuntu 源
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#163的源，速度很快
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#搜狐的源
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#以下是教育網接入的服務器

#中國科學技術大學更新服務器
deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#北京理工大學更新服務器
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#上海交通大學更新服務器
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#廈門大學更新服務器
deb http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ precise-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn/ubuntu/archive/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

還有其他源地址，可參考官網：http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Template:12.04source

保存之后更新，在終端輸入:sudo ?apt-get ?update

第二步、中文輸入法

? ? ? ? ? ? ? Ubuntu自帶有ibus中文輸入法，可在系統設置->語言支持->語言欄里，將鍵盤輸入方式系統設為ibus

????????????? 按Ctrl+空格鍵，則可切換成ibus中文輸入法。

????????????? Ubuntu還支持scim、fctix中文輸入法，配置方法參見官網：

?

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/minzhang/archive/2013/03/18/2956543.html

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