修改用戶的SHELL的限制[root@localhost ～]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

# /etc/security/limits.conf

#

#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:

#

#??????? ? ?

#

#Where:

# can be:

#??????? - an user name

#??????? - a group name, with @group syntax

#??????? - the wildcard *, for default entry

#??????? - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,

#???????????????? for maxlogin limit

#

# can have the two values:

#??????? - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits

#??????? - "hard" for enforcing hard limits

#

# can be one of the following:

#??????? - core - limits the core file size (KB)

#??????? - data - max data size (KB)

#??????? - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)

#??????? - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)

#??????? - nofile - max number of open files

#??????? - rss - max resident set size (KB)

#??????? - stack - max stack size (KB)

#??????? - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)

#??????? - nproc - max number of processes

#??????? - as - address space limit

#??????? - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user

#??????? - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system

#??????? - priority - the priority to run user process with

#??????? - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold

#??????? - sigpending - max number of pending signals

#??????? - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)

#??????? - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to

#??????? - rtprio - max realtime priority

#

#????? ? ????????

#

#*?????????????? soft??? core??????????? 0

#*?????????????? hard??? rss???????????? 10000

#@student??????? hard??? nproc?????????? 20

#@faculty??????? soft??? nproc?????????? 20

#@faculty??????? hard??? nproc?????????? 50

#ftp???????????? hard??? nproc?????????? 0

#@student??????? -?????? maxlogins?????? 4

# End of file

oracle????????? soft??? nproc?????????? 2047

oracle????????? hard??? nproc?????????? 16384

oracle????????? soft??? nofile????????? 1024

oracle????????? hard??? nofile????????? 65536

修改過程：按i鍵進入insert狀態，編輯完成后esc退出，然后按：輸入wq保存并退出。

同樣的如下進行操作：

編輯login文件：[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

session??? required???? /lib/security/pam_limits.so

修改profile文件：[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile

if[$user="oracle"];then

if[$user="/bin/ksh"];then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65535

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65535

fi

fi

修改內核參數

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

可以是內核參數馬上生效：[root@localhost /]# /sbin/sysctl -p

查看內核參數的值：[root@localhost ~]# /sbin/sysctl -a |grep kernel.shmmax

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

修改用戶的環境配置

以oracle身份登錄：

[root@localhost ~]# cd /

[root@localhost /]# su - oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$

此時變成了美元$哦。

查看當前目錄是否在操作系統用戶oracle的主目錄：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ pwd

/home/oracle

找到環境配置文件.bash.profile：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls -a

.?? .bash_history? .bash_profile? .emacs??? .viminfo

..? .bash_logout?? .bashrc??????? .mozilla

修改環境配置文件：[oracle@localhost ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_bASE=/myoracle/app //設置oracle根目錄

export ORACLE_HOME=/myoracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1//設置oracle主目錄

export ORACLE_SID=dbalala//實例名

export umask=022

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin//命令的搜索路徑

可以查看環境變量：[oracle@localhost ~]$ env

HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain

SHELL=/bin/bash

TERM=xterm

HISTSIZE=1000

USER=oracle

LS_COLORS=no=00:fi=00:di=00;34:ln=00;36:pi=40;33:so=00;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=01;05;37;41:mi=01;05;37;41:ex=00;32:*.cmd=00;32:*.exe=00;32:*.com=00;32:*.btm=00;32:*.bat=00;32:*.sh=00;32:*.csh=00;32:*.tar=00;31:*.tgz=00;31:*.arj=00;31:*.taz=00;31:*.lzh=00;31:*.zip=00;31:*.z=00;31:*.Z=00;31:*.gz=00;31:*.bz2=00;31:*.bz=00;31:*.tz=00;31:*.rpm=00;31:*.cpio=00;31:*.jpg=00;35:*.gif=00;35:*.bmp=00;35:*.xbm=00;35:*.xpm=00;35:*.png=00;35:*.tif=00;35:

MAIL=/var/spool/mail/oracle

PATH=/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/oracle/bin

INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc

PWD=/home/oracle

LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

SSH_ASKPASS=/usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass

SHLVL=1

HOME=/home/oracle

LOGNAME=oracle

CVS_RSH=ssh

LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s

DISPLAY=:0.0

G_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1

_=/bin/env

這回著實遇到了很多的問題：

1、先是修改limits文件的時候，因為我本人的愚鈍，一直導致所有的文件都修改好了，我卻還是一直是語法錯誤。后來，limits文件是書上表述的不夠明晰，我自己又看了下別人的文檔，重新嘗試后行了。但是在這嘗試之前我又修改了內核參數的配置文件sysctl.conf。

2、在修改profile文件的時候，一直包錯.profile.swap存在，而我一直不懂得這些原理來自何方。在經過多方求證后，山掉了此處的swap文件才得以順利進行。

至此，終于準備好了操作系統。

總結

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