文章目錄

• 背景介紹
• • easyexcel 表頭及數據
  • • 表頭
    • • 簡單
      • 合并
  • web項目導出方式
• 實踐出真知
• • 簡單動態表頭案例
  • 遇到的問題
  • • 前端聯調時excel無法打開
    • 下載文件接口有時返回文件流有時返回json的情況

??導出數據是后端經典模塊之一，從原有的poi到現在的easyexcel等等都在努力的幫助開發們縮小數據與excel之間的鴻溝。但是在簡單的導出也會遇到一些有的沒的問題，特地寫個文章記錄下~

背景介紹

一般導出流程圖如下：

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.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-XjAAJ7fe8d3cHM3C .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-XjAAJ7fe8d3cHM3C .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-XjAAJ7fe8d3cHM3C .marker.cross{stroke:#333}:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-XjAAJ7fe8d3cHM3C {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}組裝數據導出

組裝數據： 包括excel中表頭、數據及樣式
導出： 文件流

easyexcel 表頭及數據

官方文檔總結的都是經典~

表頭： 分為固定表頭和動態表頭，然后再可以繼續劃分簡單版本和復雜版本，其中復雜版本類似有三四級表頭（以前寫poi硬編碼寫到爆炸=_=||）~ 示例如下（圖片來源）：

數據： 隨表頭變更

表頭

簡單

固定表頭，可聲明一個實體類進行定義，如下：

@Data public class TitleData {@ExcelProperty("字符串標題")private String string;@ExcelProperty("日期標題")private Date date;@ExcelProperty("數字標題")private Double doubleData; }

動態表頭，只能自己手動寫代碼進行定義，如下：

// 外層數組，一個值代表一列 List<List<String>> headList = new ArrayList<List<String>>(); List<String> head0 = new ArrayList<String>(); head0.add("字符串標題"); headList.add(head0);List<String> head1 = new ArrayList<String>(); head1.add("日期標題"); headList.add(head1);List<String> head2 = new ArrayList<String>(); head2.add("數字標題"); headList.add(head2);

合并

@Data public class ComplexHeadData {@ExcelProperty({"主標題", "字符串標題"})private String string;@ExcelProperty({"主標題", "日期標題"})private Date date;@ExcelProperty({"主標題", "數字標題"})private Double doubleData; }

web項目導出方式

web項目一般有兩種導出方式：

• 提供下載鏈接（異步）：先生成excel并上傳至oss/文件服務器，返回文件鏈接給前端，由前端自行下載
• 文件流（同步）：生成excel并塞入response流中

本文主要關注文件流方式，示例代碼如下：

// 這里注意 有同學反應使用swagger 會導致各種問題，請直接用瀏覽器或者用postman response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel"); response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); // 這里URLEncoder.encode可以防止中文亂碼 當然和easyexcel沒有關系 String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("測試", "UTF-8"); response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName + ".xlsx"); EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), DownloadData.class).sheet("模板").doWrite(data());

實踐出真知

簡單動態表頭案例

本案例比較簡單，根據請求參數time來動態定義表頭和創建數據，并以文件流方式返回給前端。 效果如下：

pom中添加依賴：

<dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId><version>2.2.7</version> </dependency>

業務邏輯代碼如下：

@RestController public class ResultController {@PostMapping(value = "/export")public void export(@RequestParam Integer time) {try {HttpServletResponse response = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getResponse();response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=export.xlsx");// 響應類型,編碼response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=utf-8");response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream()).head(getHead(time)).sheet("數據").doWrite(getData(time));} catch (IOException e) {log.error("導出問卷數據失敗！錯誤信息為：{}", e.getMessage());e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 獲取excel標題欄（姓名、手機號、提交時間）* @param questionnaireId* @return*/private List<List<String>> getHead(Integer time) {// 外層數組，一個值代表一列List<List<String>> headList = new ArrayList<List<String>>();List<String> nameList = new ArrayList<String>();nameList.add("姓名");headList.add(nameList);List<String> telList = new ArrayList<String>();telList.add("手機號");headList.add(telList);List<String> submitDTList = new ArrayList<String>();submitDTList.add("提交時間");headList.add(submitDTList);for (int i = 0 ; i < time ; i ++ ) {List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();list.add("動態標題" + i);headList.add(list);}return headList;}/*** 獲取excel表格數據* @return*/private List<List<Object>> getData(Integer time) {// 將填寫結果 + 提交時間合并為一行數據List<List<Object>> resultList = new ArrayList<List<Object>>();for (int i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i ++ ) {List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();list.add("花卷" + i);list.add("1347000000" + i);list.add("2022-01-18 14:54:00");for (int j = 0 ; j < time ; j ++ ) {list.add("動態內容" + j);}resultList.add(list);}return resultList;}}

遇到的問題

前端聯調時excel無法打開

問題描述： 后臺用postman調試都ok，能正常打開excel！但是前端調試時下載的excel提示有破損，無法打開！！！
Tips： 勇敢（不怕死）的質疑前端，你代碼有BUG！
解決方案： 前端需在request和response中添加responseType: blob設置

（以下偽代碼，請重點關注responseType設置即可）

前端request應該設置responseType為arraybuffer或blob

return request({ url: '/platform/export', method: 'post', responseType: 'blob', headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' }, data: qs.stringify(data)})

前端以blob格式接收response，并設置type為application/msexcel

handleExport(){exportData({id: this.id}).then(res => {if(res){const fileName = this.name + '.xlsx';var blob = new Blob([res], {type: "application/msexcel;charset=utf-8",});const URL = window.URL || window.webkitURL;const downloadElement = document.createElement("a");const href = URL.createObjectURL(blob); // 創建下載的鏈接downloadElement.href = href;downloadElement.download = fileName; // 下載后文件名document.body.appendChild(downloadElement);downloadElement.click(); // 點擊下載document.body.removeChild(downloadElement); // 下載完成移除元素URL.revokeObjectURL(href); // 釋放掉blob對象}}) },

下載文件接口有時返回文件流有時返回json的情況

測試小姐姐提了個單，token超時后，點擊下載按鈕還是能正常導出，excel內容是后端認證系統返回的錯誤碼json串 =_=|| ，網上查找一番也找大佬們討論了下，對于將文件流封裝成系統設定的統一返回json方式不可取，最后抱著前端小姐姐的細腿求解決嘍
解決方法：前端獲取response后根據 content-type進行區分
網上參考文檔

未完待續......

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