python 投資組合

Lately, I’ve had some free time during my job transition and have been reviewing a few of my friends’ design portfolios. Gradually, I found some common themes around the feedback I’ve given. And it occurred to me that others might find some of my recommendations useful so I wrote them down.

最近，我在工作過(guò)渡期間有一些空閑時(shí)間，并且正在審查我的一些朋友的設(shè)計(jì)作品集。 漸漸地，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些關(guān)于反饋的共同主題。 在我看來(lái)，其他人可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我的一些建議很有用，所以我將其寫下來(lái)。

1：保持簡(jiǎn)單。 您無(wú)需在投資組合中透露所有有關(guān)您的信息。 (1: Keep it simple. You don’t need to tell everything about you in your portfolio.)

You might be a talented designer who is able to design end-to-end, has 20 awesome projects to showcase and 5 side-gigs you can’t wait to tell interviewers about. But keep in mind that interviewers’ time is always limited. When I was a hiring manager, I truly had only 20 minutes to review each portfolio. This is what I usually did: I opened the portfolio, navigated to the “About” page to see if there was anything interesting beyond a generic “A designer trying to improve people’s lives” tagline there. Then I jumped to checking out the first project, assuming that would be the latest and greatest. If I was impressed with that one, I would quickly scan some of the other work to get a sense of the breadth of problems that candidate was solving. But in general, reviewing the first two projects would provide adequate signals for making a decision.

您可能是一位才華橫溢的設(shè)計(jì)師，能夠端到端設(shè)計(jì)，有20個(gè)很棒的項(xiàng)目可以展示，還有5個(gè)旁觀者，您迫不及待要告訴采訪者。 但是請(qǐng)記住，訪問(wèn)員的時(shí)間總是有限的。 當(dāng)我是一名招聘經(jīng)理時(shí)，我確實(shí)只有20分鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)審核每個(gè)投資組合。 這通常是我做的事情：打開(kāi)投資組合，導(dǎo)航到“關(guān)于”頁(yè)面，查看那里是否有通用的“試圖改善人們生活的設(shè)計(jì)師”標(biāo)語(yǔ)之外是否還有有趣的事情。 然后我跳到簽出第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，假設(shè)那將是最新的也是最大的。 如果讓我印象深刻，我將快速瀏覽其他一些工作，以了解候選人正在解決的問(wèn)題的廣度。 但是總的來(lái)說(shuō)，審查前兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目將為決策提供足夠的信號(hào)。

Well, look at what Google Analytics told me!好吧，看看Google Analytics(分析)告訴我的內(nèi)容！

So, I would recommend keeping your projects as few as possible. 2–4 is truly enough.

因此，我建議您的項(xiàng)目盡可能少。 2–4確實(shí)足夠。

One masterpiece is more powerful than a hundred mediocre works.

一件杰作比一百件平庸的作品更強(qiáng)大。

Of course, whatever you show should be really, really polished. That means you have to be very thoughtful about which projects to show. You can treat your portfolio as a product you are trying to sell, think about what your selling points are and how you want to position yourself. Here are some questions you can ask yourself:

當(dāng)然，無(wú)論您顯示什么，都應(yīng)該非常，非常精美。 這意味著您必須非常考慮要顯示的項(xiàng)目。 您可以將投資組合視為您要銷售的產(chǎn)品，考慮您的賣點(diǎn)是什么以及如何定位自己。 您可以問(wèn)自己一些問(wèn)題：

What is the ideal designer role for me?

對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)理想的設(shè)計(jì)師角色是什么？

What traits do I need to demonstrate to succeed in that role?

我需要證明什么才能成功擔(dān)任該職位？

Does my story on project A demonstrate all these traits?

我在項(xiàng)目A上的故事是否顯示了所有這些特征？

If not, does project B complement it?

如果沒(méi)有，項(xiàng)目B是否對(duì)其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充？

With thinking practice like this, you should be able to land on the best projects to showcase your diverse skills, and with unique stories as well.

通過(guò)這樣的思維練習(xí)，您應(yīng)該能夠從事最好的項(xiàng)目，以展示您的各種技能以及獨(dú)特的故事。

2： 并非總是需要強(qiáng)大的視覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)技巧； 但是，要注意細(xì)節(jié)。 (2: Strong visual design skill is not always required; however, attention to detail is.)

Product Design is a job that requires a wide range of knowledge, from business strategy and user research to interaction, visual and motion design. Product Designers come from diverse backgrounds, such as Graphic Design, Computer Science or Psychology. Thus, one designer’s skill profile can vary drastically from another. It’s totally fine if you want to develop a “T-shaped” career by focusing on, let’s say, design strategy; but it doesn’t mean you can be sloppy with details in your portfolio. I’m always surprised when I see some mistakes over and over again, even from senior designers:

產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)需要廣泛知識(shí)的工作 ，從業(yè)務(wù)策略和用戶研究到交互，視覺(jué)和動(dòng)作設(shè)計(jì)。 產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)自不同的背景，例如平面設(shè)計(jì)，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)或心理學(xué)。 因此，一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)師的技能概況可能會(huì)與另一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)師大不相同。 如果您想通過(guò)專注于設(shè)計(jì)策略來(lái)發(fā)展“ T形”職業(yè)，那完全沒(méi)問(wèn)題。 但這并不意味著您可以對(duì)投資組合中的細(xì)節(jié)草率行事。 當(dāng)我一遍又一遍地看到一些錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，我總是感到驚訝，即使是高級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)師也是如此：

• Use one pane layout with full width on the body copy

  在主體副本上使用全寬度的一個(gè)窗格布局

On large screens, this leads to excessive line lengths which cause readability issues. The ideal length for body copy on a large screen is 40–60 characters per line. Consider setting a maximum width on your body copy and reserving the full width pane for displaying your high fidelity mocks only.

在大屏幕上，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致行長(zhǎng)過(guò)大，從而導(dǎo)致可讀性問(wèn)題。 在大屏幕上進(jìn)行正文復(fù)制的理想長(zhǎng)度是每行40–60個(gè)字符。 考慮在您的正文副本上設(shè)置最大寬度，并保留全寬窗格以僅顯示高保真模擬。

Pretty clear who’s the winner, right?很清楚誰(shuí)是贏家，對(duì)嗎？

You could also refer to some online blogs or content-sharing platforms to see how they handle layout to make a long article easy to read. Medium is a good example.

您還可以參考一些在線博客或內(nèi)容共享平臺(tái)，以了解它們?nèi)绾翁幚聿季忠允归L(zhǎng)篇文章易于閱讀。 中等就是一個(gè)很好的例子。

• Use too many typography styles in one layout

  在一種布局中使用太多的排版樣式

Each font you introduce adds a new tone to your design. Each variant you introduce adds a new factor of complexity. Using too many fonts in different styles without a system can make a page look unstructured and unprofessional. Well, if you are not a total typeface guru (I myself am still catching up!), you could just keep it simple by using two compatible fonts (one for headings, one for body copy) with minimum variants on one page. And, ALL CAPS should never be used in a long sentence.

您介紹的每種字體都會(huì)為您的設(shè)計(jì)增添新的色彩。 您介紹的每個(gè)變體都會(huì)增加新的復(fù)雜性。 在沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)的情況下使用太多不同風(fēng)格的字體可能會(huì)使頁(yè)面顯得結(jié)構(gòu)混亂且不專業(yè)。 好吧，如果您不是一個(gè)完整的字型大師(我自己仍在追趕！)，則可以通過(guò)使用兩種兼容的字體(一種用于標(biāo)題，一種用于正文)來(lái)保持其簡(jiǎn)單性，并在一頁(yè)上使用最少的變體。 而且，所有CAPS都不應(yīng)使用太長(zhǎng)的句子。

Just one font can give you many variants. But no, you don’t need to use all of them. 僅有一種字體可以為您提供多種變體。 但是，不，您不需要全部使用它們。

• Typos and grammar issues

  錯(cuò)別字和語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題

This is very common in the portfolios of international speakers of English. Since your portfolio is something that will represent you throughout your career, it’s a good idea to invest in a communication coach to help you proofread before sending out it to hiring managers.

這在國(guó)際英語(yǔ)講者中非常普遍。 由于您的投資組合將在您的整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯中代表您，因此，最好在交流教練之前進(jìn)行投資，以幫助您進(jìn)行校對(duì)，然后再發(fā)送給招聘經(jīng)理。

You might think these are small nits. But designers who can’t demonstrate a basic understanding of visuals and attention to detail in their portfolio might leave hiring managers in doubt if you have the ability to drive or execute on high-quality output end-to-end. Visual design doesn’t have to be your strongest point, but you don’t want poor quality to diminish your work.

您可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這些都是小巧的尼特。 但是，如果您沒(méi)有能力端到端地驅(qū)動(dòng)或執(zhí)行高質(zhì)量的輸出，則無(wú)法展示出對(duì)視覺(jué)效果和對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)注的設(shè)計(jì)師可能會(huì)招用招聘經(jīng)理。 視覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)不一定是您的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)，但您不希望質(zhì)量低劣會(huì)削弱您的工作。

3：講一個(gè)好故事。 (3: Tell a good story.)

This is the most important element. A good story can ensure 80% of the success of your portfolio. You have taken your projects all the way from concept to final launch. So much effort and thought has been put into it all. You have grown and learned a lot. Fantastic! The portfolio story, however, is its own thing. It’s not just simply listing what you’ve done, but a thoughtfully curated narrative that can help you pull interviewers in and “checking all the boxes” in their mind.

這是最重要的元素。 一個(gè)好的故事可以確保您的投資組合成功80％。 從概念到最終啟動(dòng)，您已經(jīng)完成了所有項(xiàng)目。 付出了很多努力和思想。 您已經(jīng)成長(zhǎng)并學(xué)到了很多東西。 太棒了！ 然而，投資組合的故事是它自己的事情。 這不僅是列出您所做的事情，而且是精心策劃的敘述，可以幫助您吸引面試官，并在他們的腦海中“檢查所有框子”。

You can write down those moments that best highlight your approach, strong suits and learnings. Then, take your time to craft a cohesive storyline to link those moments. Practice telling the story with your friends for feedback. Lastly, do what a designer usually spends 90% of their time on: iterate. My tips below apply not only to portfolios, but also portfolio presentations.

您可以寫下那些最能突出您的方法，強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的時(shí)刻。 然后，花一些時(shí)間來(lái)制作連貫的故事情節(jié)以鏈接這些時(shí)刻。 練習(xí)與朋友講故事以征求反饋。 最后，執(zhí)行設(shè)計(jì)師通常花費(fèi)其90％的時(shí)間的工作： 迭代 。 我在下面的提示不僅適用于投資組合，而且還適用于投資組合演示。

提示1：專注于您的過(guò)程。 不是您的解決方案。 (Tip 1: Focus on your process. not your solution.)

Nobody expects to just see a bunch of Dribbble shots from a Product Designer. So, save your high fidelity mockups for the last part. Focus your story on walking the audience through your process. Answer these key questions:

沒(méi)有人期望看到產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)師提供的一堆Dribbble鏡頭。 因此，在最后一部分中保存您的高保真模型。 將您的故事重點(diǎn)放在引導(dǎo)觀眾完成整個(gè)過(guò)程上。 回答以下關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題：

• What was the problem?

  怎么了

• How did you know it was a real problem and worth solving?

  您怎么知道這是一個(gè)真正的問(wèn)題，值得解決？

• How did you solve the problem?

  您是如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的？

• Which directions did you try?

  您嘗試了哪些方向？

• What was your ultimate solution?

  您的最終解決方案是什么？

• What was the impact?

  有什么影響？

Be ready to show your iterations, tradeoffs and how you landed on your solutions. Having a structure can help your audience follow the sequence. If you need a visual representation, here is the one I use:

準(zhǔn)備展示迭代，權(quán)衡以及如何著手解決方案。 具有結(jié)構(gòu)可以幫助您的聽(tīng)眾遵循順序。 如果您需要一種視覺(jué)表現(xiàn)形式，這是我使用的一種：

Just one example. Every project is different. 只是一個(gè)例子。 每個(gè)項(xiàng)目都是不同的。

A common mistake is enumerating what was done without any explanation on why it was done in that way. For example, many designers liked to show “personas” in their portfolio. However, why did you use personas here? How did this approach inform your design choices? It’s not always clearly explained, so left the audience feeling that the designer might not profoundly understand the methodology.

一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤是枚舉所做的事情，而沒(méi)有任何解釋為什么這樣做的原因。 例如，許多設(shè)計(jì)師喜歡在其作品集中顯示“角色”。 但是，為什么在這里使用角色？ 這種方法如何告知您的設(shè)計(jì)選擇？ 它的解釋并不總是很清楚，所以讓聽(tīng)眾感到設(shè)計(jì)師可能無(wú)法深刻理解方法論。

Emphasize on “why” and “how”, not “what”.

強(qiáng)調(diào)“為什么”和“如何”，而不是“什么”。

As long as you are applying for a Product Designer role, the story should heavily stress on “how” and “why”, instead of “what”. It’s critical to explain the reasoning behind your decisions at each step of your process. Why is the primary button green? Why did you choose tabs versus a hamburger menu? You don’t need to put everything in your portfolio, but definitely keep the answers in your mind since they might be surfaced during interviews.

只要您申請(qǐng)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)師職位，故事就應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)“如何”和“為什么”，而不是“什么”。 在流程的每個(gè)步驟中解釋決策背后的原因至關(guān)重要。 為什么主按鈕為綠色？ 為什么選擇標(biāo)簽而不是漢堡菜單？ 您不需要將所有內(nèi)容都放在投資組合中，但一定要牢記在心，因?yàn)榇鸢缚赡軙?huì)在面試中浮出水面。

提示2：將業(yè)務(wù)背景融入您的故事 (Tip 2: Weave business context into your story)

Many designers start their story with users’ problems then jump right into the design process without mentioning any business background. Why does the company want to invest in this area? What’s the opportunity size of this initiative? How did you measure success? When asked these questions, some designers start scratching their heads. This might leave interviewers with the impression that you lack the ability to influence strategy, that you can only execute on design for defined problems handed off by your PM. Remember:

許多設(shè)計(jì)師從用戶的問(wèn)題開(kāi)始他們的故事，然后直接進(jìn)入設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程而沒(méi)有提及任何業(yè)務(wù)背景。 公司為什么要在這方面投資？ 該計(jì)劃的機(jī)會(huì)規(guī)模是多少？ 您如何衡量成功？ 當(dāng)被問(wèn)到這些問(wèn)題時(shí)，一些設(shè)計(jì)師開(kāi)始撓頭。 這可能會(huì)使面試官感到您缺乏影響策略的能力，只能針對(duì)PM交出的已定義問(wèn)題執(zhí)行設(shè)計(jì)。 記得：

Every design problem connects with business objectives.

每個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題都與業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)相關(guān)。

You can easily cover this by weaving business context throughout your story, from beginning to end. For example:

通過(guò)從頭到尾編織整個(gè)故事中的業(yè)務(wù)上下文，您可以輕松解決這一問(wèn)題。 例如：

Start with the business background, explaining the unique business challenge, why the problem was essential to solve for the business, what the opportunity size and business goals were, etc.

從業(yè)務(wù)背景開(kāi)始，解釋獨(dú)特的業(yè)務(wù)挑戰(zhàn)，為什么問(wèn)題對(duì)于解決業(yè)務(wù)必不可少，機(jī)會(huì)規(guī)模和業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)是什么，等等。

In the middle, highlight your considerations on business relevance when you weighed different design options, and how you balanced user’s and business needs to land on a satisfactory solution.

在中間，當(dāng)您權(quán)衡不同的設(shè)計(jì)選項(xiàng)時(shí)，突出顯示您對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)相關(guān)性的考慮，以及如何平衡用戶和業(yè)務(wù)需求以找到令人滿意的解決方案。

End with the business outcome if your design was launched; for example, metrics impacted and takeaways.

如果啟動(dòng)了設(shè)計(jì)，則以業(yè)務(wù)成果結(jié)尾； 例如，影響指標(biāo)和收益。

Showcasing your understanding of business objectives can help you impress PM interviewers for sure. But most importantly, designers should view business as a fundamental part of their work and constantly think about how design can bring business value in the day-to-day. Being business savvy is virtually a must for senior designers these days. If you haven’t done it yet, I highly recommend you start building a solid foundation of business acumen. To begin, your PM friends might be the best people to learn from.

展示您對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)的理解可以肯定地幫助您吸引PM面試官。 但是最重??要的是，設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)將業(yè)務(wù)視為工作的基本組成部分，并不斷思考設(shè)計(jì)如何在日常中帶來(lái)業(yè)務(wù)價(jià)值。 如今，精通業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)際上是高級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)師的必需品。 如果您還沒(méi)有這樣做，我強(qiáng)烈建議您開(kāi)始建立扎實(shí)的商業(yè)頭腦。 首先，您的PM朋友可能是最好的人。

提示3：使用“我們”，而不是“我”。 (Tip 3: Use “we”, not “I”.)

Early days in my career, I liked to brag about how I single-handedly solved a problem by doing everything. But nowadays, I try to avoid using too many “I” in my story. Of course, you need to make your contribution clear, but that doesn’t mean your story should be all about “you”. Product Design, by its nature, requires a strong ability to collaborate. In a real workplace, how to work with other functions, synthesize different opinions and output with a balanced solution is way more relevant than visualizing just your own idea.

在我職業(yè)生涯的早期，我喜歡吹噓自己如何通過(guò)一切來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。 但是如今，我盡量避免在故事中使用過(guò)多的“我”。 當(dāng)然，您需要明確說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn)，但這并不意味著您的故事應(yīng)該全部與“您”有關(guān)。 產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)本質(zhì)上要求具有強(qiáng)大的協(xié)作能力。 在實(shí)際的工作場(chǎng)所中，如何與其他功能一起工作，綜合不同的意見(jiàn)并通過(guò)平衡的解決方案進(jìn)行輸出，比僅可視化您自己的想法更重要。

So, you probably have seen cross-functional partners in your interview panel to gauge your collaboration skills. How about peppering your story with how you collaborate with your cross-functional partners? For example, bringing the team along in your process by running a co-design workshop, or working with Engineers together so that you can design a scalable solution to avoid technical debt. These elements could easily resonate with cross-functional partners and set the right tone for the following 1-on-1 conversations.

因此，您可能在面試面板中看到了跨職能合作伙伴來(lái)評(píng)估您的協(xié)作技能。 與跨職能合作伙伴的合作如何充實(shí)您的故事？ 例如，通過(guò)舉辦合作設(shè)計(jì)研討會(huì)來(lái)使團(tuán)隊(duì)參與進(jìn)來(lái)，或者與工程師一起工作，以便您可以設(shè)計(jì)可擴(kuò)展的解決方案以避免技術(shù)負(fù)擔(dān)。 這些元素可以輕松地與跨職能合作伙伴產(chǎn)生共鳴，并為隨后的一對(duì)一對(duì)話設(shè)定正確的語(yǔ)調(diào)。

Above are some suggestions I’ve given to my friends. I hope these tips can also help you avoid some mistakes and build a stronger portfolio. Any feedback? Please leave it here.

以上是我給我的朋友的一些建議。 我希望這些技巧還可以幫助您避免一些錯(cuò)誤并建立更強(qiáng)大的產(chǎn)品組合。 任何反饋？ 請(qǐng)留在這里。

UX Para Minas Pretas (UX For Black Women), a Brazilian organization focused on promoting equity of Black women in the tech industry through initiatives of action, empowerment, and knowledge sharing. Silence against systemic racism is not an option. Build the design community you believe in.UX Para Minas Pretas (UX For Black Women)，這是一個(gè)巴西組織，致力于通過(guò)采取行動(dòng)，賦權(quán)和知識(shí)共享的舉措來(lái)促進(jìn)科技行業(yè)中的黑人女性平等。 對(duì)系統(tǒng)性種族主義保持沉默是不可行的。 建立您相信的設(shè)計(jì)社區(qū)。

翻譯自: https://uxdesign.cc/tips-for-a-successful-portfolio-cea57a0c9b9d

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