動態路由協議包括距離矢量路由協議和鏈路狀態路由協議。RIP（Routing InformationProtocols，路由信息協議）是使用最廣泛的距離矢量路由協議。RIP 是為小型網絡環境設計的，因為這類協議的路由學習及路由更新將產生較大的流量，占用過多的帶寬。<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

??? ?RIP 協議分為版本1 和版本2。不論是版本1或版本2，都具備下面的特征：

1. 是距離向量路由協議；

2. 使用跳數（Hop Count）作為度量值；

3．默認路由更新周期為30 秒；

4. 管理距離（AD）為120；

5. 支持觸發更新；

6. 最大跳數為15 跳；

7. 支持等價路徑,默認4 條,最大6 條；

8. 使用UDP520 端口進行路由更新。

通過下面的實驗來學習RIPv1和RIPv2的配置：

在路由器上啟動RIPv1進程

（1）??? 步驟1：配置路由器R1

R1(config)#router rip?????????????????? //啟動RIP進程

R1(config-router)#version 1???????????? //配置RIP版本1

R1(config-router)#network <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />1.0.0.0?????? //宣告直連網段

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

（2）步驟2：配置路由器R2

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#version 1

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0

（3）步驟3：配置路由器R3

R3(config)#router rip

R3(config-router)#version 1

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0

（4）步驟4：配置路由器R4

R4(config)#router rip

R4(config-router)#version 1

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0

R4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0

調試：（1）使用show ip route 命令查看路由表

R1#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

?????? i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

?????? ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

?????? o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

?

Gateway of last resort is not set

?

???? 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C?????? 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

R??? 4.0.0.0/8 [120/3] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

C??? 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

R??? 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

R??? 192.168.3.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0

以上輸出表明路由器R1 學到了3 條RIP 路由，其中路由條目“R 4.0.0.0/8 [120/3]via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:14, Ethernet0/0”的含義如下：

① R：路由條目是通過RIP 路由協議學習來的；

② 4.0.0.0/8：目的網絡；

③ 120：RIP 路由協議的默認管理距離；

④ 3: 度量值，從路由器R1 到達網絡4.0.0.0/8 的度量值為3 跳；

⑤ 192.168.1.2：下一跳地址；

⑥ 00:00:14：距離下一次更新還有16（30-14）秒；

⑦ Ethernet0/0：接收該路由條目的本路由器的接口。

同時通過該路由條目的掩碼長度可以看到，RIPv1 確實不傳遞子網信

（2）show ip protocol：該命令查看IP 路由協議配置和統計信息。

R1#show ip protocol

Routing Protocol is "rip"

? Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

? Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

? Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 22 seconds

? Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240

? Redistributing: rip

? Default version control: send version 1, receive version 1

??? Interface???????????? Send? Recv? Triggered RIP? Key-chain

??? Ethernet0/0?????????? 1???? 1

??? Loopback0???????????? 1???? 1

? Automatic network summarization is in effect

??Maximum path: 4

? Routing for Networks:

??? 1.0.0.0

??? 192.168.1.0

? Routing Information Sources:

??? Gateway???????? Distance????? Last Update

??? 192.168.1.2????????? 120????? 00:00:08

? Distance: (default is 120)

其中：Routing Protocol is "rip"

//路由器上運行的路由協議是RIP

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

//在出方向上沒有設置過濾列表

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

//在入方向上沒有設置過濾列表

Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 22 seconds

//更新周期是30 秒，距離下次更新還有22 秒

Redistributing: rip

//只運行RIP 協議，沒有其它的協議重分布進來

Default version control: send version 1, receive version 1

//默認發送版本1 的路由更新，接收本版1 的路由更新

Interface???????????? Send? Recv? Triggered RIP? Key-chain

??? Ethernet0/0?????????? 1???? 1

??? Loopback0???????????? 1???? 1

Automatic network summarization is in effect

//RIP 路由協議默認開啟自動匯總功能

Maximum path: 4

//RIP 路由協議可以支持4 條等價路徑，最大為6

【提示】

可以通過下面的命令來修改RIP 路由協議支持等價路徑的條數：

R1(config-router)#maximum-paths number-paths

? （3）debug ip rip：查看RIP 路由協議的動態更新過程。

R1#debug ip rip

RIP protocol debugging is on

R1#

*Mar? 1 00:46:53.487: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.1.2 on Ethernet0/0

*Mar? 1 00:46:53.487:????? 4.0.0.0 in 3 hops

*Mar? 1 00:46:53.491:????? 192.168.2.0 in 1 hops

*Mar? 1 00:46:53.491:????? 192.168.3.0 in 2 hops

*Mar? 1 00:46:58.747: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Loopback0 (1.1.1.1)

*Mar? 1 00:46:58.747: RIP: build update entries

*Mar? 1 00:46:58.747:?? network 4.0.0.0 metric 4

*Mar? 1 00:46:58.751:?? network 192.168.1.0 metric 1

*Mar? 1 00:46:58.751:?? network 192.168.2.0 metric 2

*Mar? 1 00:46:58.751:?? network 192.168.3.0 metric 3

*Mar? 1 00:46:59.347: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0/0(192.168.1.1)

*Mar? 1 00:46:59.347: RIP: build update entries

*Mar? 1 00:46:59.347:?? network 1.0.0.0 metric 1

通過以上輸出，可以看到RIPv1 采用廣播更新（255.255.255.255）

在路由器上啟動RIPv2進程

?

（1）步驟1：配置路由器R1

R1(config)#router rip??????? //啟動RIP進程

R1(config-router)#version 2?? //配置RIP版本2

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary?? //關閉自動匯總

R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

（2）步驟2：配置路由器R2

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#version 2

R2(config-router)#no auto-summary

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0

（3）步驟3：配置路由器R3

R3(config)#router rip

R3(config-router)#version 2

R3(config-router)#no auto-summary

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0

（4）步驟4：配置路由器R4

R4(config)#router rip

R4(config-router)#version 2

R4(config-router)#no auto-summary

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0

R4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0

調試：（1）使用show ip route 命令查看路由表

R1#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

?????? D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

?????? N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

?????? E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

?????? i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

?????? ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

?????? o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

?

Gateway of last resort is not set

?

???? 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C?????? 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

?? ?4.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

R? ?4.4.4.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:22, Ethernet0/0

C??? 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

R??? 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:11, Ethernet0/0

R??? 192.168.3.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:11, Ethernet0/0

從上面輸出的路由條目“4.4.4.0/24”，可以看到RIPv2 路由更新是攜帶子網信息

（2）show ip protocol：該命令查看IP 路由協議配置和統計信息。

?

R1#show ip protocol

Routing Protocol is "rip"

? Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

? Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

? Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 2 seconds

? Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240

? Redistributing: rip

? Default version control: send version 2, receive version 2

??? Interface???????????? Send? Recv? Triggered RIP? Key-chain

??? Ethernet0/0?????????? 2???? 2

??? Loopback0???????????? 2???? 2

? Automatic network summarization is not in effect

? Maximum path: 4

? Routing for Networks:

??? 1.0.0.0

??? 192.168.1.0

? Routing Information Sources:

??? Gateway???????? Distance????? Last Update

??? 192.168.1.2????????? 120????? 00:00:23

? Distance: (default is 120)

// RIPv2 默認情況下只接收和發送版本2 的路由更新

【提示】

可以通過命令“ip rip send version”和“ip rip receive version”來控制在路由器接口上接收和發送的版本，例如在Ethernet0/0 接口上接收版本1 和2 的路由更新，但是只發送版本2 的路由更新，配置如下：

R1(config-if)#ip rip send version 2

R1(config-if)#ip rip receive version 1 2

（3）通過debug ip rip 命令查看RIP 路由協議的動態更新過程。

R1#debug ip rip

RIP protocol debugging is on

*Mar? 1 01:37:27.119: RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.1.2 on Ethernet0/0

*Mar? 1 01:37:27.119:????? 4.4.4.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 3 hops

*Mar? 1 01:37:27.123:????? 192.168.2.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops

*Mar? 1 01:37:27.123:????? 192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 2 hops

*Mar? 1 01:37:29.627: RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Ethernet0/0 (192.1

68.1.1)

*Mar? 1 01:37:29.627: RIP: build update entries

*Mar? 1 01:37:29.627:?? 1.1.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag

通過以上輸出，可以看到RIPv2 采用組播更新（224.0.0.9） ?

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/shani/369631

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