<<Oracle SQL 內(nèi)置函數(shù)大全>>幻燈片:http://files.cnblogs.com/Dicky/Oracle_SQL_Function.rar
??1SQL中的單記錄函數(shù)
??21.ASCII
??3返回與指定的字符對應(yīng)的十進制數(shù);
??4SQL>?select?ascii('A')?A,ascii('a')?a,ascii('0')?zero,ascii('?')?space?from?dual;
??5
??6????????A?????????A??????ZERO?????SPACE
??7---------?---------?---------?---------
??8???????65????????97????????48????????32
??9
?10
?112.CHR
?12給出整數(shù),返回對應(yīng)的字符;
?13SQL>?select?chr(54740)?zhao,chr(65)?chr65?from?dual;
?14
?15ZH?C
?16--?-
?17趙?A
?18
?193.CONCAT
?20連接兩個字符串;
?21SQL>?select?concat('010-','88888888')||'轉(zhuǎn)23'??高乾競電話?from?dual;
?22
?23高乾競電話
?24----------------
?25010-88888888轉(zhuǎn)23
?26
?274.INITCAP
?28返回字符串并將字符串的第一個字母變?yōu)榇髮?
?29SQL>?select?initcap('smith')?upp?from?dual;
?30
?31UPP
?32-----
?33Smith
?34
?35
?365.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)
?37在一個字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回發(fā)現(xiàn)指定的字符的位置;
?38C1????被搜索的字符串
?39C2????希望搜索的字符串
?40I?????搜索的開始位置,默認為1
?41J?????出現(xiàn)的位置,默認為1
?42SQL>?select?instr('oracle?traning','ra',1,2)?instring?from?dual;
?43
?44?INSTRING
?45---------
?46????????9
?47
?48
?496.LENGTH
?50返回字符串的長度;
?51SQL>?select?name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal))?from?gao.nchar_tst;
?52
?53NAME???LENGTH(NAME)?ADDR?????????????LENGTH(ADDR)???????SAL?LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
?54------?------------?----------------?------------?---------?--------------------
?55高乾競????????????3?北京市海錠區(qū)????????????????6???9999.99????????????????????7
?56
?57?
?58
?597.LOWER
?60返回字符串,并將所有的字符小寫
?61SQL>?select?lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd?from?dual;
?62
?63AABBCCDD
?64--------
?65aabbccdd
?66
?67
?688.UPPER
?69返回字符串,并將所有的字符大寫
?70SQL>?select?upper('AaBbCcDd')?upper?from?dual;
?71
?72UPPER
?73--------
?74AABBCCDD
?75
?76?
?77
?789.RPAD和LPAD(粘貼字符)
?79RPAD??在列的右邊粘貼字符
?80LPAD??在列的左邊粘貼字符
?81SQL>?select?lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from?dual;
?82
?83LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
?84-----------------
?85*******gao*******
?86不夠字符則用*來填滿
?87
?88
?8910.LTRIM和RTRIM
?90LTRIM??刪除左邊出現(xiàn)的字符串
?91RTRIM??刪除右邊出現(xiàn)的字符串
?92SQL>?select?ltrim(rtrim('???gao?qian?jing???','?'),'?')?from?dual;
?93
?94LTRIM(RTRIM('
?95-------------
?96gao?qian?jing
?97
?98
?9911.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
100取子字符串,從start開始,取count個
101SQL>?select?substr('13088888888',3,8)?from?dual;
102
103SUBSTR('
104--------
10508888888
106
107
10812.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')
109string???希望被替換的字符或變量?
110s1???????被替換的字符串
111s2???????要替換的字符串
112SQL>?select?replace('he?love?you','he','i')?from?dual;
113
114REPLACE('H
115----------
116i?love?you
117
118
11913.SOUNDEX
120返回一個與給定的字符串讀音相同的字符串
121SQL>?create?table?table1(xm?varchar(8));
122SQL>?insert?into?table1?values('weather');
123SQL>?insert?into?table1?values('wether');
124SQL>?insert?into?table1?values('gao');
125
126SQL>?select?xm?from?table1?where?soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');
127
128XM
129--------
130weather
131wether
132
133
13414.TRIM('s'?from?'string')
135LEADING???剪掉前面的字符
136TRAILING??剪掉后面的字符
137如果不指定,默認為空格符?
138
13915.ABS
140返回指定值的絕對值
141SQL>?select?abs(100),abs(-100)?from?dual;
142
143?ABS(100)?ABS(-100)
144---------?---------
145??????100???????100
146
147
14816.ACOS
149給出反余弦的值
150SQL>?select?acos(-1)?from?dual;
151
152?ACOS(-1)
153---------
1543.1415927
155
156
15717.ASIN
158給出反正弦的值
159SQL>?select?asin(0.5)?from?dual;
160
161ASIN(0.5)
162---------
163.52359878
164
165
16618.ATAN
167返回一個數(shù)字的反正切值
168SQL>?select?atan(1)?from?dual;
169
170??ATAN(1)
171---------
172.78539816
173
174
17519.CEIL
176返回大于或等于給出數(shù)字的最小整數(shù)
177SQL>?select?ceil(3.1415927)?from?dual;
178
179CEIL(3.1415927)
180---------------
181??????????????4
182
183
18420.COS
185返回一個給定數(shù)字的余弦
186SQL>?select?cos(-3.1415927)?from?dual;
187
188COS(-3.1415927)
189---------------
190?????????????-1
191
192
19321.COSH
194返回一個數(shù)字反余弦值
195SQL>?select?cosh(20)?from?dual;
196
197?COSH(20)
198---------
199242582598
200
201
20222.EXP
203返回一個數(shù)字e的n次方根
204SQL>?select?exp(2),exp(1)?from?dual;
205
206???EXP(2)????EXP(1)
207---------?---------
2087.3890561?2.7182818
209
210
21123.FLOOR
212對給定的數(shù)字取整數(shù)
213SQL>?select?floor(2345.67)?from?dual;
214
215FLOOR(2345.67)
216--------------
217??????????2345
218
219
22024.LN
221返回一個數(shù)字的對數(shù)值
222SQL>?select?ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818)?from?dual;
223
224????LN(1)?????LN(2)?LN(2.7182818)
225---------?---------?-------------
226????????0?.69314718?????.99999999
227
228
22925.LOG(n1,n2)
230返回一個以n1為底n2的對數(shù)?
231SQL>?select?log(2,1),log(2,4)?from?dual;
232
233?LOG(2,1)??LOG(2,4)
234---------?---------
235????????0?????????2
236
237
23826.MOD(n1,n2)
239返回一個n1除以n2的余數(shù)
240SQL>?select?mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3)?from?dual;
241
242MOD(10,3)??MOD(3,3)??MOD(2,3)
243---------?---------?---------
244????????1?????????0?????????2
245
246
24727.POWER
248返回n1的n2次方根
249SQL>?select?power(2,10),power(3,3)?from?dual;
250
251POWER(2,10)?POWER(3,3)
252-----------?----------
253???????1024?????????27
254
255
25628.ROUND和TRUNC
257按照指定的精度進行舍入
258SQL>?select?round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5)?from?dual;
259
260ROUND(55.5)?ROUND(-55.4)?TRUNC(55.5)?TRUNC(-55.5)
261-----------?------------?-----------?------------
262?????????56??????????-55??????????55??????????-55
263
264
26529.SIGN
266取數(shù)字n的符號,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0
267SQL>?select?sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0)?from?dual;
268
269SIGN(123)?SIGN(-100)???SIGN(0)
270---------?----------?---------
271????????1?????????-1?????????0
272
273
27430.SIN
275返回一個數(shù)字的正弦值
276SQL>?select?sin(1.57079)?from?dual;
277
278SIN(1.57079)
279------------
280???????????1
281
282
28331.SIGH
284返回雙曲正弦的值
285SQL>?select?sin(20),sinh(20)?from?dual;
286
287??SIN(20)??SINH(20)
288---------?---------
289.91294525?242582598
290
291
29232.SQRT
293返回數(shù)字n的根
294SQL>?select?sqrt(64),sqrt(10)?from?dual;
295
296?SQRT(64)??SQRT(10)
297---------?---------
298????????8?3.1622777
299
300
30133.TAN
302返回數(shù)字的正切值
303SQL>?select?tan(20),tan(10)?from?dual;
304
305??TAN(20)???TAN(10)
306---------?---------
3072.2371609?.64836083
308
309
31034.TANH
311返回數(shù)字n的雙曲正切值
312SQL>?select?tanh(20),tan(20)?from?dual;
313
314?TANH(20)???TAN(20)
315---------?---------
316????????1?2.2371609
317
318?
319
32035.TRUNC
321按照指定的精度截取一個數(shù)
322SQL>?select?trunc(124.1666,-2)?trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2)?from?dual;
323
324???TRUNC1?TRUNC(124.16666,2)
325---------?------------------
326??????100?????????????124.16
327
328?
329
33036.ADD_MONTHS
331增加或減去月份
332SQL>?select?to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm')?from?dual;
333
334TO_CHA
335------
336200002
337SQL>?select?to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm')?from?dual;
338
339TO_CHA
340------
341199910
342
343
34437.LAST_DAY
345返回日期的最后一天
346SQL>?select?to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd')?from?dual;
347
348TO_CHAR(SY?TO_CHAR((S
349----------?----------
3502004.05.09?2004.05.10
351SQL>?select?last_day(sysdate)?from?dual;
352
353LAST_DAY(S
354----------
35531-5月?-04
356
357
35838.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
359給出date2-date1的月份
360SQL>?select?months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999')?mon_between?from?dual;
361
362MON_BETWEEN
363-----------
364??????????9
365SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'))?mon_betw?from?dual;
366
367?MON_BETW
368---------
369??????-60
370
371
37239.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')
373給出在this時區(qū)=other時區(qū)的日期和時間
374SQL>?select?to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd?hh24:mi:ss')?bj_time,to_char(new_time
375??2??(sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd?hh24:mi:ss')?los_angles?from?dual;
376
377BJ_TIME?????????????LOS_ANGLES
378-------------------?-------------------
3792004.05.09?11:05:32?2004.05.09?18:05:32
380
381
38240.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')
383給出日期date和星期x之后計算下一個星期的日期
384SQL>?select?next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五')?next_day?from?dual;
385
386NEXT_DAY
387----------
38825-5月?-01
389
390?
391
39241.SYSDATE
393用來得到系統(tǒng)的當前日期
394SQL>?select?to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy?day')?from?dual;
395
396TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'
397-----------------
39809-05-2004?星期日
399trunc(date,fmt)按照給出的要求將日期截斷,如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截斷秒
400SQL>?select?to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd?hh24:mi:ss')?hh,
401??2??to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd?hh24:mi:ss')?hhmm?from?dual;
402
403HH??????????????????HHMM
404-------------------?-------------------
4052004.05.09?11:00:00?2004.05.09?11:17:00
406
407?
408
40942.CHARTOROWID
410將字符數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換為ROWID類型
411SQL>?select?rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename?from?scott.emp;
412
413ROWID??????????????ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID)?ENAME
414------------------?------------------?----------
415AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA?AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA?SMITH
416AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB?AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB?ALLEN
417AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC?AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC?WARD
418AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD?AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD?JONES
419
420
42143.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
422將源字符串?sset從一個語言字符集轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個目的dset字符集
423SQL>?select?convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec')?"conversion"?from?dual;
424
425conver
426------
427strutz
428
429
43044.HEXTORAW
431將一個十六進制構(gòu)成的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為二進制
432
433
43445.RAWTOHEXT
435將一個二進制構(gòu)成的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為十六進制
436
437?
438
43946.ROWIDTOCHAR
440將ROWID數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換為字符類型
441
442?
443
44447.TO_CHAR(date,'format')
445SQL>?select?to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd?hh24:mi:ss')?from?dual;
446
447TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
448-------------------
4492004/05/09?21:14:41
450
451?
452
45348.TO_DATE(string,'format')
454將字符串轉(zhuǎn)化為ORACLE中的一個日期
455
456
45749.TO_MULTI_BYTE
458將字符串中的單字節(jié)字符轉(zhuǎn)化為多字節(jié)字符
459SQL>??select?to_multi_byte('高')?from?dual;
460
461TO
462--
463高
464
465
46650.TO_NUMBER
467將給出的字符轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字
468SQL>?select?to_number('1999')?year?from?dual;
469
470?????YEAR
471---------
472?????1999
473
474
47551.BFILENAME(dir,file)
476指定一個外部二進制文件
477SQL>insert?into?file_tb1?values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));
478
479
48052.CONVERT('x','desc','source')
481將x字段或變量的源source轉(zhuǎn)換為desc
482SQL>?select?sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
483??2??0,'none',
484??3??2,'insert',
485??4??3,
486??5??'select',
487??6??6,'update',
488??7??7,'delete',
489??8??8,'drop',
490??9??'other')?cmd??from?v$session?where?type!='background';
491
492??????SID???SERIAL#?USERNAME???????????????????????CMD
493---------?---------?------------------------------?------
494????????1?????????1????????????????????????????????none
495????????2?????????1????????????????????????????????none
496????????3?????????1????????????????????????????????none
497????????4?????????1????????????????????????????????none
498????????5?????????1????????????????????????????????none
499????????6?????????1????????????????????????????????none
500????????7??????1275????????????????????????????????none
501????????8??????1275????????????????????????????????none
502????????9????????20?GAO????????????????????????????select
503???????10????????40?GAO????????????????????????????none
504
505
50653.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)
507DUMP函數(shù)以fmt指定的內(nèi)部數(shù)字格式返回一個VARCHAR2類型的值
508SQL>?col?global_name?for?a30
509SQL>?col?dump_string?for?a50
510SQL>?set?lin?200
511SQL>?select?global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5)?dump_string?from?global_name;
512
513GLOBAL_NAME????????????????????DUMP_STRING
514------------------------------?--------------------------------------------------
515ORACLE.WORLD???????????????????Typ=1?Len=12?CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK:?W,O,R,L,D
516
517
51854.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
519這兩個函數(shù)都是用來對大數(shù)據(jù)類型字段進行初始化操作的函數(shù)
520
521
52255.GREATEST
523返回一組表達式中的最大值,即比較字符的編碼大小.
524SQL>?select?greatest('AA','AB','AC')?from?dual;
525
526GR
527--
528AC
529SQL>?select?greatest('啊','安','天')?from?dual;
530
531GR
532--
533天
534
535
53656.LEAST
537返回一組表達式中的最小值?
538SQL>?select?least('啊','安','天')?from?dual;
539
540LE
541--
542啊
543
544
54557.UID
546返回標識當前用戶的唯一整數(shù)
547SQL>?show?user
548USER?為"GAO"
549SQL>?select?username,user_id?from?dba_users?where?user_id=uid;
550
551USERNAME?????????????????????????USER_ID
552------------------------------?---------
553GAO???????????????????????????????????25
554
555?
556
55758.USER
558返回當前用戶的名字
559SQL>?select?user?from??dual;
560
561USER
562------------------------------
563GAO
564
565
56659.USEREVN
567返回當前用戶環(huán)境的信息,opt可以是:
568ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
569ISDBA??查看當前用戶是否是DBA如果是則返回true
570SQL>?select?userenv('isdba')?from?dual;
571
572USEREN
573------
574FALSE
575SQL>?select?userenv('isdba')?from?dual;
576
577USEREN
578------
579TRUE
580SESSION
581返回會話標志
582SQL>?select?userenv('sessionid')?from?dual;
583
584USERENV('SESSIONID')
585--------------------
586?????????????????152
587ENTRYID
588返回會話人口標志
589SQL>?select?userenv('entryid')?from?dual;
590
591USERENV('ENTRYID')
592------------------
593?????????????????0
594INSTANCE
595返回當前INSTANCE的標志
596SQL>?select?userenv('instance')?from?dual;
597
598USERENV('INSTANCE')
599-------------------
600??????????????????1
601LANGUAGE
602返回當前環(huán)境變量
603SQL>?select?userenv('language')?from?dual;
604
605USERENV('LANGUAGE')
606----------------------------------------------------
607SIMPLIFIED?CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
608LANG
609返回當前環(huán)境的語言的縮寫
610SQL>?select?userenv('lang')?from?dual;
611
612USERENV('LANG')
613----------------------------------------------------
614ZHS
615TERMINAL
616返回用戶的終端或機器的標志
617SQL>?select?userenv('terminal')?from?dual;
618
619USERENV('TERMINA
620----------------
621GAO
622VSIZE(X)
623返回X的大小(字節(jié))數(shù)
624SQL>?select?vsize(user),user?from?dual;
625
626VSIZE(USER)?USER
627-----------?------------------------------
628??????????6?SYSTEM
629
630?
631
63260.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)
633all表示對所有的值求平均值,distinct只對不同的值求平均值
634SQLWKS>?create?table?table3(xm?varchar(8),sal?number(7,2));
635語句已處理。
636SQLWKS>??insert?into?table3?values('gao',1111.11);
637SQLWKS>??insert?into?table3?values('gao',1111.11);
638SQLWKS>??insert?into?table3?values('zhu',5555.55);
639SQLWKS>?commit;
640
641SQL>?select?avg(distinct?sal)?from?gao.table3;
642
643AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
644----------------
645?????????3333.33
646
647SQL>?select?avg(all?sal)?from?gao.table3;
648
649AVG(ALLSAL)
650-----------
651????2592.59
652
653
65461.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)
655求最大值,ALL表示對所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示對不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次
656SQL>?select?max(distinct?sal)?from?scott.emp;
657
658MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
659----------------
660????????????5000
661
662
66362.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)
664求最小值,ALL表示對所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示對不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次
665SQL>?select?min(all?sal)?from?gao.table3;
666
667MIN(ALLSAL)
668-----------
669????1111.11
670
671
67263.STDDEV(distinct|all)
673求標準差,ALL表示對所有的值求標準差,DISTINCT表示只對不同的值求標準差
674SQL>?select?stddev(sal)?from?scott.emp;
675
676STDDEV(SAL)
677-----------
678??1182.5032
679
680SQL>?select?stddev(distinct?sal)?from?scott.emp;
681
682STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
683-------------------
684???????????1229.951
685
686?
687
68864.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)
689求協(xié)方差?
690
691SQL>?select?variance(sal)?from?scott.emp;
692
693VARIANCE(SAL)
694-------------
695????1398313.9
696
697
69865.GROUP?BY
699主要用來對一組數(shù)進行統(tǒng)計
700SQL>?select?deptno,count(*),sum(sal)?from?scott.emp?group?by?deptno;
701
702???DEPTNO??COUNT(*)??SUM(SAL)
703---------?---------?---------
704???????10?????????3??????8750
705???????20?????????5?????10875
706???????30?????????6??????9400
707
708?
709
71066.HAVING
711對分組統(tǒng)計再加限制條件
712SQL>?select?deptno,count(*),sum(sal)?from?scott.emp?group?by?deptno?having?count(*)>=5;
713
714???DEPTNO??COUNT(*)??SUM(SAL)
715---------?---------?---------
716???????20?????????5?????10875
717???????30?????????6??????9400
718SQL>?select?deptno,count(*),sum(sal)?from?scott.emp?having?count(*)>=5?group?by?deptno?;
719
720???DEPTNO??COUNT(*)??SUM(SAL)
721---------?---------?---------
722???????20?????????5?????10875
723???????30?????????6??????9400
724
725
72667.ORDER?BY
727用于對查詢到的結(jié)果進行排序輸出
728SQL>?select?deptno,ename,sal?from?scott.emp?order?by?deptno,sal?desc;
729
730???DEPTNO?ENAME????????????SAL
731---------?----------?---------
732???????10?KING????????????5000
733???????10?CLARK???????????2450
734???????10?MILLER??????????1300
735???????20?SCOTT???????????3000
736???????20?FORD????????????3000
737???????20?JONES???????????2975
738???????20?ADAMS???????????1100
739???????20?SMITH????????????800
740???????30?BLAKE???????????2850
741???????30?ALLEN???????????1600
742???????30?TURNER??????????1500
743???????30?WARD????????????1250
744???????30?MARTIN??????????1250
745???????30?JAMES????????????950

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Dicky/archive/2005/06/18/176587.html

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