一、安裝Xtrabackup

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#?wget?--no-check-certificate?http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-4/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm #?rpm?-ivh?percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm #?yum?list?|?grep?percona #?yum?-y?install?percona-xtrabackup-24

二、安裝MySQL

1.安裝MySQL

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#?yum?-y?install?http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm #?yum?list?|grep?mysql-community #?yum?-y?install?mysql?mysql-server?mysql-devel

2.更改時間戳設置

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#?cat?/var/log/mysqld.log?|grep?"timestamp" [Warning]?TIMESTAMP?with?implicit?DEFAULT?value?is?deprecated.?Please?use?--explicit_defaults_for_timestamp?server?option?(see?documentation?for?more?details). #?vi?/etc/my.cnf explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true??##顯示指定默認值為timestamp類型的字段

3.啟動MySQL

1 2	#?systemctl?start?mysqld #?systemctl?status?mysqld

4.配置MySQL密碼

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#?mysql? Enter?password:? ERROR?1045?(28000):?Access?denied?for?user?'root'@'localhost'?(using?password:?NO)

a.新版本MySQL安裝完成后會生成臨時的初始密碼

1 2	#?grep?'temporary?password'?/var/log/mysqld.log [Note]?A?temporary?password?is?generated?for?root@localhost:?qhAnfco2o)HB

修改MySQL密碼

注意：MySQL 5.7默認安裝了密碼安全檢查插件(validate_password)，默認密碼檢查策略要求密碼必須包含:大小寫字母、數字和特殊符號，并且長度不能少于8位。

MySQL官網MySQL 5.7密碼策略詳細說明:

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy

b.修改密碼策略

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#?vi?/etc/my.cnf validate_password_policy?=?LOW??????????????##密碼長度不少于8位即可 #?systemctl?restart?mysqld #?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?set?password?for?'root'@'localhost'=password('12345678');

c.官方數據庫示例

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#?wget?http://downloads.mysql.com/docs/sakila-db.tar.gz #?tar?-zxvf?sakila-db.tar.gz? sakila-db/ sakila-db/sakila-data.sql sakila-db/sakila-schema.sql sakila-db/sakila.mwb [root@localhost?~]#?pwd /root #?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?source?/root/sakila-db/sakila-schema.sql???##還原數據庫結構 mysql>?source?/root/sakila-db/sakila-data.sql????##將數據寫入數據庫

三、innobackupex常用命令

--backup ?? ? 默認選項

--defaults-file ?指定要備份的mysql實例的my.cnf文件，必須為第一個選項

--port ?? ? ? ? 端口

--socket ?連接套字節的位置，默認為/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

--host ?? ? ? ? 主機

--no-timestamp ?指定了這個選項備份會直接備份在BACKUP-DIR，不再創建時間戳文件夾

--target-dir ?指定了這個選項備份會直接備份在BACKUP-DIR，不再創建時間戳文件夾

--use-memory ? ? 指定備份所用內存大小，默認為100M，與--apply-log同用

--apply-log ? ? ?從備份恢復

--apply-log-only 在恢復時，停止恢復進程不進行LSN，只使用log

--copy-back ? ? ?復制備份文件

--incremental ? ?建立增量備份

--incremental-basedir=DIRECTORY

指定一個全庫備份的目錄作為增量備份的基礎數據庫

--incremental-dir=DIRECTORY

指定增量備份與全庫備份合并建立一個新的全備目錄

--prepare ? ? ? ?從backup恢復

--compress ? ? ? 壓縮選項

四、xtrabackup備份后的主要文件

(1)xtrabackup_checkpoints —— 備份類型（如完全或增量）、備份狀態（如是否已經為prepared狀態）和LSN(日志序列號)范圍信息；

每個InnoDB頁(通常為16k大小)都會包含一個日志序列號，即LSN。LSN是整個數據庫系統的系統版本號，每個頁面相關的LSN能夠表明此頁面最近是如何發生改變的。

(2)xtrabackup_binlog_info —— mysql服務器當前正在使用的二進制日志文件及至備份這一刻為止二進制日志事件的位置。

(3)xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb —— 二進制日志文件及用于InnoDB或XtraDB表的二進制日志文件的當前position。

(4)xtrabackup_binary —— 備份中用到的xtrabackup的可執行文件。

(5)backup-my.cnf —— 備份命令用到的配置選項信息。

五、Innobackupex備份

1.創建全備

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#?innobackupex?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf??--user=root?--password=12345678?/backup/ ...... completed?OK!

2.應用全備日志

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#?innobackupex?--apply-log?/backup/2017-04-03_12-45-44/ ...... completed?OK!

3.查看備份狀態

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#?cat?/backup/2017-04-03_12-45-44/xtrabackup_checkpoints? backup_type?=?full-prepared???????????##全備 from_lsn?=?0???????????????????????##備份開始點 to_lsn?=?9692219???????????????????##備份結束點 last_lsn?=?9692228 compact?=?0 recover_binlog_info?=?0

4.查看二進制日志事件信息

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#?cat?/backup/2017-04-03_12-45-44/xtrabackup_info? uuid?=?694e5590-1828-11e7-81d2-000c291bd2a1 name?=? tool_name?=?innobackupex tool_command?=?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf?--user=root?--password=...?/backup/ tool_version?=?2.4.6 ibbackup_version?=?2.4.6 server_version?=?5.7.17 start_time?=?2017-04-03?21:34:09 end_time?=?2017-04-03?21:34:13 lock_time?=?0 binlog_pos?=? innodb_from_lsn?=?0 innodb_to_lsn?=?9692219 partial?=?N incremental?=?N format?=?file compact?=?N compressed?=?N encrypted?=?N

5.進行全備恢復

a.刪除數據庫、停止并破壞MySQL

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#?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?show?databases; mysql>?drop?database?sakila; Query?OK,?30?rows?affected?(0.59?sec) #?systemctl?stop?mysqld #?cp?-R?/var/lib/mysql?/root #?rm?-rf?/var/lib/mysql

b.恢復全備

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#?innobackupex?--copy-back?/backup/2017-04-03_21-34-08/ ...... completed?OK! #?chown?-R?mysql.mysql?/var/lib/mysql #?systemctl?start?mysqld #?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?show?databases;

注:如無法啟動SQL，可能是SELINUX的問題

1 2	#?vim?/etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled

六、Innobackupex增量備份

1.創建數據庫和表

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#?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?create?database?abc; mysql>?use?abc; mysql>?create?table?plus?(id?int(10),name?varchar(20),phone?char(11),birth?date); mysql>?show?tables; mysql>?insert?into?plus?values(1,'tom',12345678901,'2001-01-01'); mysql>?insert?into?plus?values(2,'jack',12345678911,'2011-11-11'); mysql>?select?*?from?plus; +------+------+-------------+------------+ |?id???|?name?|?phone???????|?birth??????| +------+------+-------------+------------+ |????1?|?tom??|?12345678901?|?2001-01-01?| |????2?|?jack?|?12345678911?|?2011-11-11?| +------+------+-------------+------------+ 2?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

2.基于全備進行增量備份

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#?innobackupex?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf??--user=root?--password=12345678?--incremental?--incremental-basedir=/backup/2017-04-03_21-34-08/?/backup/001/ ...... completed?OK! #?cat?/backup/001/2017-04-03_21-41-27/xtrabackup_checkpoints? backup_type?=?incremental????????????##增量備份 from_lsn?=?9692219??????????????????##備份開始點 to_lsn?=?9699700????????????????????##備份結束點 last_lsn?=?9699709 compact?=?0 recover_binlog_info?=?0

3.應用全備日志

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#?innobackupex?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf??--user=root?--password=12345678?--apply-log-only?/backup/2017-04-03_21-34-08/ ...... completed?OK!

4.應用第一次增量備份日志

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#?innobackupex?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf??--user=root?--password=12345678?--apply-log-only?/backup/2017-04-03_21-34-08/?--incremental-dir=/backup/001/ ...... completed?OK!

5.基于全備進行第一次增量備份恢復

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#?systemctl?stop?mysqld #?rm?-rf?/var/lib/mysql #?innobackupex?--copy-back?/backup/2017-04-03_21-34-08/2017-04-03_21-44-08/ ...... completed?OK! #?chown?-R?mysql.mysql?/var/lib/mysql #?systemctl?start?mysqld #?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?show?databases; mysql>?use?abc; mysql>?select?*?from?plus; +------+------+-------------+------------+ |?id???|?name?|?phone???????|?birth??????| +------+------+-------------+------------+ |????1?|?tom??|?12345678901?|?2001-01-01?| |????2?|?jack?|?12345678911?|?2011-11-11?| +------+------+-------------+------------+ 2?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

6.基于第一次增量備份進行備份

a.向表中添加數據

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#?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?use?abc; mysql>?insert?into?plus?values(3,'rose',12345678912,'2012-12-12'); mysql>?insert?into?plus?values(4,'jordan',12345678923,'2012-12-23');

b.應用第二次增量備份日志

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#?innobackupex?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf??--user=root?--password=12345678?--apply-log-only?/backup/2017-04-03_21-34-08/?--incremental-dir=/backup/002/ ...... completed?OK!

c.查看備份狀態

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#?cat?/backup/002/2017-04-03_21-48-54/xtrabackup_checkpoints? backup_type?=?incremental from_lsn?=?9699700 to_lsn?=?9696137 last_lsn?=?9696146 compact?=?0 recover_binlog_info?=?0

d.基于全備份和第一次增量備份，恢復第二次增量備份

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#?systemctl?stop?mysqld #?rm?-rf?/var/lib/mysql #?innobackupex?--copy-back?/backup/2017-04-03_21-34-08/2017-04-03_21-50-11/ ...... completed?OK! #?chown?-R?mysql.mysql?/var/lib/mysql #?systemctl?start?mysqld #?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?show?databases; mysql>?use?abc; mysql>?select?*?from?plus; +------+--------+-------------+------------+ |?id???|?name???|?phone???????|?birth??????| +------+--------+-------------+------------+ |????1?|?tom????|?12345678901?|?2001-01-01?| |????2?|?jack???|?12345678911?|?2011-11-11?| |????3?|?rose???|?12345678912?|?2012-12-12?| |????4?|?jordan?|?12345678923?|?2012-12-23?| +------+--------+-------------+------------+ 4?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

七、Xtrabackup備份

1.創建全備

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#?xtrabackup?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf?--user=root?--password=12345678?--backup?--target-dir=/backup/full ...... completed?OK!

2.應用全備日志

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#?xtrabackup?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf?--prepare?--user=root?--password=12345678?--apply-log-only?--target-dir=/backup/full ...... completed?OK!

3.查看備份狀態

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#?cat?/backup/full/xtrabackup_checkpoints? backup_type?=?log-applied from_lsn?=?0 to_lsn?=?9692712 last_lsn?=?9692721 compact?=?0 recover_binlog_info?=?0

4.恢復備份

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#?systemctl?stop?mysqld #?rm?-rf?/var/lib/mysql #?cd?/backup/full/ #?rsync?-rvt?--exclude?'xtrabackup_checkpoints'?--exclude?'xtrabackup_logfile'?./?/var/lib/mysql sent?151722380?bytes??received?6476?bytes??15971458.53?bytes/sec total?size?is?151681109??speedup?is?1.00 #?chown?-R?mysql.mysql?/var/lib/mysql #?systemctl?start?mysqld #?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?show?databases; +--------------------+ |?Database???????????| +--------------------+ |?information_schema?| |?abc????????????????| |?mysql??????????????| |?performance_schema?| |?sakila?????????????| |?sys????????????????| +--------------------+ 6?rows?in?set?(0.09?sec)

八、Xtrabackup增量備份

1.第一次增量備份

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#?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?create?database?ball; mysql>?use?ball; mysql>?create?table?superstar?(id?int(5),name?varchar(20),number?int(2),city?varchar(20),team?varchar(10)); mysql>?insert?into?superstar?values(1,'Jordan',23,'Chicago','Bulls'); mysql>?insert?into?superstar?values(2,'Yao',11,'Houston','Rockets');

2.應用第一次增量備份日志

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#?xtrabackup?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf?--user=root?--password=12345678?--backup?--target-dir=/backup/inc1?--incremental-basedir=/backup/full ...... completed?OK!

3.查看備份狀態

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#?cat?/backup/inc1/xtrabackup_checkpoints? backup_type?=?incremental from_lsn?=?9692712 to_lsn?=?9763373 last_lsn?=?9763382 compact?=?0 recover_binlog_info?=?0

4.第二次增量備份

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#?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?use?ball; mysql>?insert?into?superstar?values(3,'Russell',6,'Boston','Celtics'); mysql>?insert?into?superstar?values(4,'Pierce',34,'Boston','Celtics');

5.應用第二次增量備份日志

1	#?xtrabackup?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf?--user=root?--password=12345678?--backup?--target-dir=/backup/inc2?--incremental-basedir=/backup/inc1/

6.查看備份狀態

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#?cat?/backup/inc2/xtrabackup_checkpoints? backup_type?=?incremental from_lsn?=?9763373 to_lsn?=?9766964 last_lsn?=?9766973 compact?=?0 recover_binlog_info?=?0

7.準備第一次增量備份

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#?xtrabackup?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf??--user=root?--password=12345678?--prepare?--apply-log-only?--target-dir=/backup/full?--incremental-dir=/backup/inc1 ...... completed?OK!

8.準備第二次增量備份

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#?xtrabackup?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf??--user=root?--password=12345678?--prepare?--target-dir=/backup/full?--incremental-dir=/backup/inc2 ...... completed?OK!

9.合并恢復備份

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#?systemctl?stop?mysqld #?rm?-rf?/var/lib/mysql #?xtrabackup?--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf??--user=root?--password=12345678?--copy-back?--target-dir=/backup/full ...... completed?OK! #?chown?-R?mysql.mysql?/var/lib/mysql #?systemctl?start?mysqld #?mysql?-u?root?-p mysql>?use?ball; mysql>?select?*?from?superstar; +------+---------+--------+---------+---------+ |?id???|?name????|?number?|?city????|?team????| +------+---------+--------+---------+---------+ |????1?|?Jordan??|?????23?|?Chicago?|?Bulls???| |????2?|?Yao?????|?????11?|?Houston?|?Rockets?| |????3?|?Russell?|??????6?|?Boston??|?Celtics?| |????4?|?Pierce??|?????34?|?Boston??|?Celtics?| +------+---------+--------+---------+---------+ 4?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

注:官方文檔地址:https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/LATEST/index.html

本文轉自 ?結束的傷感 ?51CTO博客，原文鏈接:http://blog.51cto.com/wangzhijian/1916112

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