前言

為了應對.NET SDK能夠支持的程序集項目（例如iOS、Android、WASM）的不斷增長，從.NET 6開始，允許用戶僅安裝必要的SDK（例如ASP.NET Core），而不是一次性安裝“完整版”SDK。

這一切的基礎，是新的dotnet CLI命令——workload。

Demo

1.列表

首先，列出可安裝的工作負載：

dotnet?workload?search

目前支持的工作負載如下：

Workload?ID???????????Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- android???????????????.NET?SDK?Workload?for?building?Android?applications. android-aot???????????.NET?SDK?Workload?for?building?Android?applications?with?AOT?support. ios???????????????????.NET?SDK?Workload?for?building?iOS?applications. maccatalyst???????????.NET?SDK?Workload?for?building?macOS?applications?with?MacCatalyst. macos?????????????????.NET?SDK?Workload?for?building?macOS?applications. maui??????????????????.NET?MAUI?SDK?for?all?platforms maui-android??????????.NET?MAUI?SDK?for?Android maui-desktop??????????.NET?MAUI?SDK?for?Desktop maui-ios??????????????.NET?MAUI?SDK?for?iOS maui-maccatalyst??????.NET?MAUI?SDK?for?Mac?Catalyst maui-mobile???????????.NET?MAUI?SDK?for?Mobile maui-windows??????????.NET?MAUI?SDK?for?Windows tvos??????????????????.NET?SDK?Workload?for?building?tvOS?applications. wasm-tools????????????.NET?WebAssembly?build?tools

2.安裝

然后，下列命令安裝需要的工作負載：

dotnet?workload?install?{Workload_ID}

我們安裝maui-windows試試：

dotnet?workload?install?maui-windows//輸出 Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.android. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.ios. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.macos. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.workload.emscripten. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.maccatalyst. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.tvos. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.workload.mono.toolchain. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.maui. Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Core.Ref.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?............?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Core.Runtime.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Ref.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Runtime.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Essentials.Ref.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Essentials.Runtime.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.WebView.Maui.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Dependencies.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Build.Tasks.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Sdk.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Extensions.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Resizetizer.Sdk.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?......?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Templates.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Core.Ref.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Core.Runtime.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Ref.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Runtime.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Essentials.Ref.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Installing?Microsoft.Maui.Essentials.Runtime.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?DoneSuccessfully?installed?workload(s)?maui-windows.

可以看到，它并沒有安裝多余的SDK，比如Maui的android版本。

打開VS 2022，新建項目，已經可以創建MAUI項目了，默認情況下是沒有的：

3.更新

另外，你可以使用下列命令，將所有已安裝的SDK工作負載更新為最新版本：

dotnet?workload?update//輸出 Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.ios. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.android. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.macos. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.workload.emscripten. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.tvos. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.maccatalyst. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.sdk.maui. Updated?advertising?manifest?microsoft.net.workload.mono.toolchain.Successfully?updated?workload(s):?maui-windows.

4.卸載

當然，你可以將已安裝的SDK工作負載卸載：

dotnet?workload?uninstall?maui-windows//輸出 Removing?workload?installation?record?for?maui-windows... Removing?Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.WebView.Maui.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Build.Tasks.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Ref.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Ref.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Runtime.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Runtime.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Core.Ref.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Core.Ref.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Core.Runtime.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Core.Runtime.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Dependencies.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Essentials.Ref.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Essentials.Ref.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Essentials.Runtime.any.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Essentials.Runtime.win.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Extensions.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Resizetizer.Sdk.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Sdk.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?.....?Done Removing?Microsoft.Maui.Templates.6.0.101.2068-x64.msi?....?DoneSuccessfully?uninstalled?workload(s):?maui-windows

結論

可以將此功能理解為SDK的包管理器，保證我們始終安裝正確的SDK以及版本。

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