今天學習的內容：

1.面向對象編程的概念

1)面向對象的三個基本特征：封裝、繼承、多態

2)類和對象是面向對象編程的2個主要方面。類使用class關鍵字創建。類的域和方法被列在一個縮進塊中。

2.類

[root@reed 0504]# cat simpleclass.py

#!/usr/bin/python

class Person:

pass #an empty block

# print 'my name is reed'

p=Person()

print p

[root@reed 0504]# ./simpleclass.py

3.對象的方法

[root@reed 0504]# cat method.py

#!/usr/bin/python

class Person:

def sayHi(self):

print 'hello,my name is reed'

p=Person()

p.sayHi()

[root@reed 0504]# ./method.py

hello,my name is reed

4.__init__方法：__init__方法在類的一個對象被建立時，馬上運行。這個方法可以用來對你的對象做一些你希望的 初始化 。注意，這個名稱的開始和結尾都是雙下劃線。

[root@reed 0504]# cat class_init.py

#!/usr/bin/python

class Person:

def __init__(self,name):

self.name=name

def sayHi(self):

print 'hello,my name is',self.name

p=Person('reed')

p.sayHi()

[root@reed 0504]# ./class_init.py

hello,my name is reed

5.類與對象的方法

[root@reed 0504]# cat objvar.py

#!/usr/bin/python

#filename:objvar.py

class Person:

population=0

def __init__(self,name):

self.name=name

print '(initializing %s)'%self.name

#when this person is created,he/she adds to the population

Person.population+=1

def __del__(self):

print '%s says bye'%self.name

self.__class__.population-=1

if self.__class__.population==0:

print 'i am the last one'

else:

print 'there are still %d people left'%Person.population

def sayHi(self):

print 'hi,my name is %s'%self.name

def howMany(self):

if Person.population==1:

print 'i am the only person here'

else:

print 'we have %d persons here'%Person.population

swaroop=Person('swaroop')

swaroop.sayHi()

swaroop.howMany()

print '--------------'

reed=Person('reed')

reed.sayHi()

reed.howMany()

print '--------------'

deer=Person('deer')

deer.sayHi()

deer.howMany()

print '--------------'

swaroop.sayHi()

swaroop.howMany()

[root@reed 0504]# ./objvar.py

(initializing swaroop)

hi,my name is swaroop

i am the only person here

--------------

(initializing reed)

hi,my name is reed

we have 2 persons here

--------------

(initializing deer)

hi,my name is deer

we have 3 persons here

--------------

hi,my name is swaroop

we have 3 persons here

deer says bye

there are still 2 people left

swaroop says bye

there are still 1 people left

reed says bye

i am the last one

6.繼承：繼承完全可以理解成類之間的類型和子類型的關系

[root@reed 0504]# cat inherit.py

#!/usr/bin/python

#filename=inherit.py

class SchoolMember:

def __init__(self,name,age):

self.name=name

self.age=age

print 'Initialized SchoolMember:%s'%self.name

def tell(self):

print 'Name:"%s"Age:"%s"'%(self.name,self.age)

class Teacher(SchoolMember):

def __init__(self,name,age,salary):

SchoolMember.__init__(self,name,age)

self.salary=salary

print 'Initalized Teacher:%s'%self.name

def tell(self):

SchoolMember.tell(self)

print 'Salary:"%d"'%self.salary

class Student(SchoolMember):

def __init__(self,name,age,marks):

SchoolMember.__init__(self,name,age)

self.marks=marks

print 'Initialized Student:%s'%self.name

def tell(self):

SchoolMember.tell(self)

print 'Marks:"%d"'%self.marks

t=Teacher('Mrs.Reed',40,30000)

t.tell()

s=Student('Lemon',22,75)

s.tell()

[root@reed 0504]# ./inherit.py

Initialized SchoolMember:Mrs.Reed

Initalized Teacher:Mrs.Reed

Name:"Mrs.Reed"Age:"40"

Salary:"30000"

Initialized SchoolMember:Lemon

Initialized Student:Lemon

Name:"Lemon"Age:"22"

Marks:"75"

7__del__方法：在對象消逝的時候被調用

總結

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