在工作中，我做了關(guān)于Java 8項目lambda的演示，當(dāng)然還有一些簡單的代碼來說明其中的一些要點。 Java 8的總體原因是：

• 更簡潔的代碼（適用于只有一種方法和集合的類）。 “我們希望代碼的讀者在到達lambda表達式的“實質(zhì)”之前，必須盡可能地減少語法。 – Brian Goetz（http://cr.openjdk.java.net/~briangoetz/lambda/lambda-state-4.html）
• 能夠傳遞功能，而不僅僅是數(shù)據(jù)
• 更好地支持多核處理

所有示例都可以在從此處下載的以下Java 8版本上運行：

openjdk version "1.8.0-ea" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0-ea-lambda-nightly-h3876-20130403-b84-b00) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.0-b21, mixed mode)

最簡單的情況：

public class ThreadA {public static void main(String[] args) {new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {System.err.println("Hello from anonymous class");}}).start();}}public class ThreadB {public static void main(String[] args) {new Thread(() -> {System.err.println("Hello from lambda");}).start();}}

非正式地注意語法

()|x|(x,..,z) -> expr|stmt

箭頭是新的運算符。 并注意第二段代碼與第一段代碼相比更為簡潔。

集合：

首先讓我介紹一個簡單的領(lǐng)域和一些幫助者

public class Something {private double amount;public Something(double amount) {this.amount = amount;}public double getAmount() {return amount;}public String toString() {return "Amount: " + amount;} }public class Helper {public static List<Something> someThings() {List<Something> things = new ArrayList<>();things.add(new Something(99.9));things.add(new Something(199.9));things.add(new Something(299.9));things.add(new Something(399.9));things.add(new Something(1199.9));return things;}}public interface Doer<T> {void doSomething(T t);}

讓我們對Java 7樣式進行一些過濾和排序：

public class CollectionA {public static void main(String... args) {List<Something> things = Helper.someThings();System.err.println("Filter");List<Something> filtered = filter(things);System.err.println(filtered);System.err.println("Sum");double sum = sum(filtered);System.err.println(sum);}public static List<Something> filter(List<Something> things) {List<Something> filtered = new ArrayList<>();for (Something s : things) {if (s.getAmount() > 100.00) {if (s.getAmount() < 1000.00) {filtered.add(s);}}}return filtered;}public static double sum(List<Something> things) {double d = 0.0;for (Something s : things) {d += s.getAmount();}return d;}}

現(xiàn)在是Java 8樣式– 流式傳輸 ：

import java.util.stream.Collectors;public class CollectionB {public static void main(String... args) {List<Something> things = Helper.someThings();System.err.println("Filter lambda");List<Something> filtered = things.stream().parallel().filter( t -> t.getAmount() > 100.00 && t.getAmount() < 1000.00).collect(Collectors.toList());System.err.println(filtered);System.err.println("Sum lambda");double sum = filtered.stream().mapToDouble(t -> t.getAmount()).sum();System.err.println(sum);}}

導(dǎo)入java.util.function。*接口和方法參考

public class CollectionC {public static void main(String... args) {List<Something> things = Helper.someThings();System.err.println("Do something");doSomething(things, new Doer<Something>() {@Overridepublic void doSomething(Something t) {System.err.println(t);}});}public static void doSomething(List<Something> things, Doer<Something> doer) {for (Something s : things) {doer.doSomething(s);}}}

將我們的Doer界面替換為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Consumer界面 （以前稱為Block）

import java.util.function.Consumer;public class CollectionD {public static void main(String... args) {List<Something> things = Helper.someThings();System.err.println("Do something functional interfaces");consumeSomething(things, new Consumer<Something>() {@Overridepublic void accept(Something t) {System.err.println(t);}});System.err.println("Do something functional interfaces, using lambda");consumeSomething(things, (t) -> System.err.println(t));System.err.println("Do something functional interfaces, using lambda method reference (new operator ::) ");consumeSomething(things, System.err::println);System.err.println("Do something functional interfaces, using stream");things.stream().forEach(new Consumer<Something>() {@Overridepublic void accept(Something t) {System.err.println(t);}});System.err.println("Do something functional interfaces, using stream and method reference");things.stream().forEach(System.err::println);}public static void doSomething(List<Something> things, Doer<Something> doer) {for (Something s : things) {doer.doSomething(s);}}public static void consumeSomething(List<Something> things, Consumer<Something> consumer) {for (Something s : things) {consumer.accept(s);}}}

import java.util.List; import java.util.NoSuchElementException; import java.util.Optional; import java.util.stream.Collectors;public class Various {public static void main(String... args) {List<Something> things = Helper.someThings();//MapSystem.err.println(things.stream().map((Something t) -> t.getAmount()).collect(Collectors.toList()));//Reducedouble d = things.stream().reduce(new Something(0.0), (Something t, Something u) -> new Something(t.getAmount() + u.getAmount())).getAmount();System.err.println(d);//Reduce againSystem.err.println(things.stream().reduce((Something t, Something u) -> new Something(t.getAmount() + u.getAmount())).get());//Map/reduceSystem.err.println(things.stream().map((Something t) -> t.getAmount()).reduce(0.0, (x, y) -> x + y));//LazyOptional<Something> findFirst = things.stream().filter(t -> t.getAmount() > 1000).findFirst();System.err.println(findFirst.get());//Lazy no valueOptional<Something> findFirstNotThere = things.stream().filter(t -> t.getAmount() > 2000).findFirst();try {System.err.println(findFirstNotThere.get());} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {System.err.println("Optional was not null, but its value was");}//Optional one step deeperthings.stream().filter(t -> t.getAmount() > 1000).findFirst().ifPresent(t -> System.err.println("Here I am"));}}

參考： Kim Saabye Pedersen的博客博客中的JCG合作伙伴 Kim Saabye Pedersen的Java 8 lambda演練 。

翻譯自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2013/06/java-8-lambda-walkthrough.html

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