升級軟件包 alsaplayer-0.99.76-2.2.fc4.i386.rpm，并顯示詳細的升級信息：

rpm -Uvv alsaplayer-0.99.76-2.2.fc4.i386.rpm

把顯示內容當中對我們有用的挑出來：

D: opening db environment /var/lib/rpm/Packages joinenv D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages rdonly mode=0x0 D: locked db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys rdonly mode=0x0 warning: alsaplayer-0.99.76-2.2.fc4.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e42d547b D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Providename rdonly mode=0x0# 以上是打開RPM數據庫D: added binary package [0] # 增加一個軟件包 D: found 0 source and 1 binary packages # 沒有找到源文件，但是找到一個二進制軟件包 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Depends create mode=0x0 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Basenames rdonly mode=0x0 D: read h# 1166 Header sanity check: OK # 讀取h#，文件頭完整性檢查：OK D: read h# 161 Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 4f2a6fd2 D: Requires: /bin/sh YES (db files) D: Requires: /bin/sh YES (cached) D: read h# 88 Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 4f2a6fd2 D: Requires: libFLAC.so.7 YES (db provides) D: read h# 95 Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 4f2a6fd2 D: Requires: libGL.so.1 YES (db provides) D: Requires: libOggFLAC.so.3 YES (db provides) D: read h# 48 Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 4f2a6fd2 D: Requires: libX11.so.6 YES (db provides) D: read h# 49 Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 4f2a6fd2 D: Requires: libXext.so.6 YES (db provides) D: read h# 54 Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 4f2a6fd2 D: Requires: libXi.so.6 YES (db provides) D: read h# 398 Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 4f2a6fd2 D: Requires: libasound.so.2 YES (db provides)# 看來 h# 的要求沒有辦法被滿足，輸出錯誤的依賴關系error: Failed dependencies: libid3tag.so.0 is needed by alsaplayer-0.99.76-2.2.fc4.i386 libmad.so.0 is needed by alsaplayer-0.99.76-2.2.fc4.i386 libsndfile.so.1 is needed by alsaplayer-0.99.76-2.2.fc4.i386 libsndfile.so.1(libsndfile.so.1.0) is needed by alsaplayer-0.99.76-2.2.f c4.i386 libxosd.so.2 is needed by alsaplayer-0.99.76-2.2.fc4.i386# 下面是關閉數據庫D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Providename D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Basenames D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages D: closed db environment /var/lib/rpm/Packages D: May free Score board((nil))

由此可以粗略的知道 RPM 的工作方式：

打開 RPM 數據庫

從軟件包中提取 h#，并且檢查 h# 的要求條件是否被滿足？
是：轉第 4 步 不是：轉第 3 步

顯示失敗信息以及需要的依賴關系

安裝軟件，解壓縮軟件包，并且放到合適的位置

關閉 RPM 數據庫

顯然，我的電腦環境并不能滿足安裝該軟件包所需要的依賴關系，如果強制用 --force 安裝的話可能出錯誤。如果你失敗了，那就少什么補什么，然后再安裝。

總結

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