oracle42997,oracle与db2的比较
在DB2中從客戶端訪問服務器端的數據庫時，不能直接用connect命令，而必須先建立通信node，再在node的基礎上建立數據庫連接。在命令行的具體操作如下：
->db2 catalog tcpip node?ABC?remote?serverName?server?50000->db2 catalog db?databaseName?at node?ABC->db2 connect to?databaseName?user?Uid?using?Pwd
說明:
catalog tcpip node ABC 中的ABC是由你任意起的一個結點名，結點名不能跟已有的結點名重復
catalog db databaseName at node ABC 中的ABC指的是你在前面起的那個結點名
serverName 服務器名稱(遠程數據庫)
databaseName 數據庫名稱
Uid 用戶名
Pwd 密碼
另外，如果客戶端已經跟同一個服務器建立了node，那么如果你想連接該服務器上的另一個數據庫時，不需要再另建node，直接用同一個node即可。另外，建立node時服務器名稱后的端口不一定是50000，要看DB工程師當時的設置。
相關指令：
list db directory 列出可訪問的db
list node directory 列出可訪問的結點
下邊是DB2安裝和設置連接的具體流程：一、安裝db2 v9服務器、創建實例、創建管理服務器
1.創建目錄、用戶[root@seagull /]# mkdir /db2home
[root@seagull /]# mkdir /db2home/db2inst1
[root@seagull /]# mkdir /db2home/db2fenc1
[root@seagull /]# groupadd -g 999 db2iadm1
[root@seagull /]# groupadd -g 998 db2fadm1
[root@seagull /]# useradd -u 1004 -g db2iadm1 -d /db2home/db2inst1 db2inst1
[root@seagull /]# useradd -u 1003 -g db2fadm1 -d /db2home/db2fenc1 db2fenc1
passwd db2inst1
passwd db2fenc1
su – db2fenc1 –切換用戶
su – db2fenc1 –根據提示，重新設置密碼，使得密碼生效
su – db2inst1 –切換用戶
su – db2inst1 –根據提示，重新設置密碼，使得密碼生效
2.安裝db2軟件[root@seagull seagull]# cd /tmp/seagull/db2v9/
[root@seagull db2v9]# ls
db2 db2_install db2setup installFixPack
[root@seagull db2v9]# ./db2_install
#注解：IBM工程師建議用文字界面安裝，而不要用圖形界面安裝，即用db2_install,不要用db2setup
Default directory for installation of products – /opt/ibm/db2/V9.1
***********************************************************
Do you want to choose a different directory to install [yes/no] ?
no
#注解：使用默認目錄就可以了
Specify one or more of the following keywords,
separated by spaces, to install DB2 products.
CLIENT
RTCL
ESE
Enter “help” to redisplay product names.
Enter “quit” to exit.
***********************************************************
ESE
#注解：選擇安裝ESE，即enterprise server edition
DB2 installation is being initialized.
Total number of tasks to be performed: 46
Total estimated time for all tasks to be performed: 802
Task #1 start
Description: Checking license agreement acceptance
Estimated time 1 second(s)
Task #1 end
Task #2 start
Description: GSKit support
Estimated time 19 second(s)
Task #2 end
Task #3 start
Description: Product Messages – English
Estimated time 10 second(s)
Task #3 end
Task #4 start
Description: Base client support
Estimated time 67 second(s)
Task #4 end
Task #5 start
Description: IBM Software Development Kit (SDK) for Java(TM)
Estimated time 101 second(s)
Task #6 start
Description: Java Help (HTML) – English
Estimated time 7 second(s)
Task #6 end
Task #7 start
Description: Replication with MQ Server
Estimated time 22 second(s)
Task #7 end
Task #8 start
Description: Run-time Environment
Estimated time 78 second(s)
Task #9 start
Description: Java support
Estimated time 6 second(s)
Task #9 end
Task #10 start
Description: SQL procedures
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #10 end
Task #11 start
Description: ICU Utilities
Estimated time 39 second(s)
Task #11 end
Task #12 start
Description: SQL Replication Support
Estimated time 19 second(s)
Task #12 end
Task #13 start
Description: Java Common files
Estimated time 20 second(s)
Task #13 end
Task #14 start
Description: Base server support
Estimated time 47 second(s)
Task #14 end
Task #15 start
Description: Control Center Help (HTML) – English
Estimated time 13 second(s)
Task #15 end
Task #16 start
Description: Connect support
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #16 end
Task #17 start
Description: Configuration Assistant
Estimated time 4 second(s)
Task #17 end
Task #18 start
Description: Spatial Extender client
Estimated time 6 second(s)
Task #18 end
Task #19 start
Description: Base application development tools
Estimated time 11 second(s)
Task #19 end
Task #20 start
Description: Administration Server
Estimated time 7 second(s)
Task #20 end
Task #21 start
Description: Communication support – TCP/IP
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #21 end
Task #22 start
Description: Control Center
Estimated time 38 second(s)
Task #22 end
Task #23 start
Description: Parallel Extension
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #23 end
Task #24 start
Description: Replication tools
Estimated time 12 second(s)
Task #24 end
Task #25 start
Description: Relational wrappers common
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #25 end
Task #26 start
Description: DB2 data source support
Estimated time 4 second(s)
Task #26 end
Task #27 start
Description: DB2 LDAP support
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #27 end
Task #28 start
Description: DB2 Instance Setup wizard
Estimated time 4 second(s)
Task #28 end
Task #29 start
Description: XML Extender
Estimated time 11 second(s)
Task #29 end
Task #30 start
Description: First Steps
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #30 end
Task #31 start
Description: DB2 Web Tools
Estimated time 12 second(s)
Task #31 end
Task #32 start
Description: Product Signature for DB2 Enterprise Server Edition
Estimated time 5 second(s)
Task #32 end
Task #33 start
Description: XML Extender samples
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #33 end
Task #34 start
Description: ADT sample programs
Estimated time 20 second(s)
Task #34 end
Task #35 start
Description: Sample database source
Estimated time 4 second(s)
Task #35 end
Task #36 start
Description: Spatial Extender samples
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #36 end
Task #37 start
Description: Informix data source support
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #37 end
Task #38 start
Description: Setting DB2 library path
Estimated time 120 second(s)
Task #38 end
Task #39 start
Description: Executing control tasks
Estimated time 20 second(s)
Task #39 end
Task #40 start
Description: Updating global registry
Estimated time 20 second(s)
Task #40 end
Task #41 start
Description: Starting DB2 Fault Monitor
Estimated time 10 second(s)
Task #41 end
Task #42 start
Description: Updating the db2ls link
Estimated time 1 second(s)
Task #42 end
Task #43 start
Description: Registering DB2 licenses
Estimated time 5 second(s)
Task #43 end
Task #44 start
Description: Setting default global profile registry variables
Estimated time 1 second(s)
Task #44 end
Task #45 start
Description: Initializing instance list
Estimated time 5 second(s)
Task #45 end
Task #46 start
Description: Updating global profile registry
Estimated time 3 second(s)
Task #46 end
The execution completed successfully.
For more information see the DB2 installation log at
“/tmp/db2_install.log.7134″.
[root@seagull db2v9]#
3.安裝license[root@seagull bin]# cd /opt/ibm/db2/V9.1/adm/
[root@seagull adm]# ./db2licm -a /tmp/seagull/db2v9/license/db2ese_c.lic
LIC1402I License added successfully.
LIC1426I This product is now licensed for use as specified in the License Agreement and License Information documents pertaining to the licensed copy of this product. USE OF THE PRODUCT CONSTITUTES ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS OF THE IBM LICENSE AGREEMENT AND LICENSE INFORMATION DOCUMENTS, LOCATED IN THE FOLLOWING DIRECTORY: “/opt/ibm/db2/V9.1/license/en_US.iso88591″
[root@seagull adm]# ./db2licm -a /tmp/seagull/db2v9/license/db2dpf.lic
LIC1402I License added successfully.
LIC1426I This product is now licensed for use as specified in the License Agreement and License Information documents pertaining to the licensed copy of this product. USE OF THE PRODUCT CONSTITUTES ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS OF THE IBM LICENSE AGREEMENT AND LICENSE INFORMATION DOCUMENTS, LOCATED IN THE FOLLOWING DIRECTORY: “/opt/ibm/db2/V9.1/license/en_US.iso88591″
[root@seagull adm]# ./db2licm -a /tmp/seagull/db2v9/license/db2xmlese.lic
LIC1402I License added successfully.
LIC1426I This product is now licensed for use as specified in the License Agreement and License Information documents pertaining to the licensed copy of this product. USE OF THE PRODUCT CONSTITUTES ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS OF THE IBM LICENSE AGREEMENT AND LICENSE INFORMATION DOCUMENTS, LOCATED IN THE FOLLOWING DIRECTORY: “/opt/ibm/db2/V9.1/license/en_US.iso88591″
[root@seagull adm]#
4.創建實例和樣本數據庫[root@seagull V9.1]# cd /opt/ibm/db2/V9.1/instance
[root@seagull instance]# ./db2icrt -p 50000 -u db2fenc1 db2inst1
DBI1070I Program db2icrt completed successfully.
[root@seagull instance]# tail -n 6 -f /etc/services
# Local services
DB2_db2inst1 60000/tcp
DB2_db2inst1_1 60001/tcp
DB2_db2inst1_2 60002/tcp
DB2_db2inst1_END 60003/tcp
[root@seagull ~]# su – db2inst1
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2sampl
Starting the DB2 instance…
Creating database “SAMPLE”…
Connecting to database “SAMPLE”…
Creating tables and data in schema “DB2INST1″…
Stopping the DB2 instance…
‘db2sampl’ processing complete.
[db2inst1@seagull sqllib]$
[db2inst1@seagull sqllib]$ db2start
11/28/2007 16:49:04 0 0 SQL1063N DB2START processing was successful.
SQL1063N DB2START processing was successful.
[db2inst1@seagull sqllib]$ db2 connect to sample
Database Connection Information
Database server = DB2/LINUX 9.1.0
SQL authorization ID = DB2INST1
Local database alias = SAMPLE
[db2inst1@seagull sqllib]$ db2 “select * from staff”
ID NAME DEPT JOB YEARS SALARY COMM
—— ——— —— —– —— ——— ———
10 Sanders 20 Mgr 7 98357.50 -
20 Pernal 20 Sales 8 78171.25 612.45
30 Marenghi 38 Mgr 5 77506.75 -
40 O’Brien 38 Sales 6 78006.00 846.55
50 Hanes 15 Mgr 10 80659.80 -
60 Quigley 38 Sales – 66808.30 650.25
70 Rothman 15 Sales 7 76502.83 1152.00
80 James 20 Clerk – 43504.60 128.20
90 Koonitz 42 Sales 6 38001.75 1386.70
100 Plotz 42 Mgr 7 78352.80 -
110 Ngan 15 Clerk 5 42508.20 206.60
120 Naughton 38 Clerk – 42954.75 180.00
130 Yamaguchi 42 Clerk 6 40505.90 75.60
140 Fraye 51 Mgr 6 91150.00 -
150 Williams 51 Sales 6 79456.50 637.65
160 Molinare 10 Mgr 7 82959.20 -
170 Kermisch 15 Clerk 4 42258.50 110.10
180 Abrahams 38 Clerk 3 37009.75 236.50
190 Sneider 20 Clerk 8 34252.75 126.50
200 Scoutten 42 Clerk – 41508.60 84.20
210 Lu 10 Mgr 10 90010.00 -
220 Smith 51 Sales 7 87654.50 992.80
230 Lundquist 51 Clerk 3 83369.80 189.65
240 Daniels 10 Mgr 5 79260.25 -
250 Wheeler 51 Clerk 6 74460.00 513.30
260 Jones 10 Mgr 12 81234.00 -
270 Lea 66 Mgr 9 88555.50 -
280 Wilson 66 Sales 9 78674.50 811.50
290 Quill 84 Mgr 10 89818.00 -
300 Davis 84 Sales 5 65454.50 806.10
310 Graham 66 Sales 13 71000.00 200.30
320 Gonzales 66 Sales 4 76858.20 844.00
330 Burke 66 Clerk 1 49988.00 55.50
340 Edwards 84 Sales 7 67844.00 1285.00
350 Gafney 84 Clerk 5 43030.50 188.00
35 record(s) selected.
5.創建das管理服務器
為了遠程客戶端能夠用控制中心來控制數據庫服務器，需要在數據庫服務器上安裝das,當然，如果只是遠程連接而不是遠程管理，可以不用裝，這里我安裝了一下。
[root@seagull ~]# groupadd -g 997 db2asgrp
[root@seagull ~]# mkdir /db2home/db2as
[root@seagull ~]# useradd -u 1002 -g db2asgrp -d /db2home/db2as db2as
[root@seagull ~]# passwd db2as
[root@seagull ~]# su – db2as #為了db2as口令生效
[root@seagull ~]# cd /opt/ibm/db2/V9.1/instance
[root@seagull instance]# ./dascrt -u db2as
[db2as@seagull ~]$
[db2as@seagull ~]$ exit
[root@seagull instance]# su – db2as
[db2as@seagull ~]$ db2admin start
6.確認一下db2inst1實例的服務名
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 get dbm cfg|grep SVCENAME
TCP/IP Service name (SVCENAME) = 50000
#注解：svcename在客戶端連接時需要用到
7.可以看一下license情況
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2licm -l
Product name: “DB2 Enterprise Server Edition”
License type: “CPU”
Expiry date: “Permanent”
Product identifier: “db2ese”
Version information: “9.1″
Annotation: “-3;(_c)”
Features:
DB2 Database Partitioning: “Licensed”
DB2 Performance Optimization ESE: “Not licensed”
DB2 Storage Optimization: “Not licensed”
DB2 Advanced Access Control: “Not licensed”
DB2 Geodetic Data Management: “Not licensed”
Homogeneous Federation for DB2: “Not licensed”
DB2 Pure XML ESE: “Licensed”
二、安裝db2 v9 client on windows，并設置遠程連接
1.圖形界面安裝，一步一步下去就可以了，最好選擇不安裝信息中心。
2.設置遠程連接C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator>db2cmd
C:/>db2 catalog tcpip node vmdb2v9 remote 10.10.10.100 server 50000
DB20000I CATALOG TCPIP NODE命令成功完成。
DB21056W 只有在刷新目錄高速緩存以后，目錄更改才會生效。
C:/>db2 catalog db sample as sample at node vmdb2v9
DB20000I CATALOG DATABASE命令成功完成。
DB21056W 只有在刷新目錄高速緩存以后，目錄更改才會生效。
3.此時打開控制中心，就可以操作遠程的數據庫了。
三、基本操作命令練習
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2level #查看版本
DB21085I Instance “db2inst1″ uses “32″ bits and DB2 code release “SQL09010″
with level identifier “02010107″.
Informational tokens are “DB2 v9.1.0.0″, “s060629″, “LINUXIA32″, and Fix Pack
“0″.
Product is installed at “/opt/ibm/db2/V9.1″.
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 connect to sample #連接數據庫
Database Connection Information
Database server = DB2/LINUX 9.1.0
SQL authorization ID = DB2INST1
Local database alias = SAMPLE
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 list tables for all #查看庫中所有表
Table/View Schema Type Creation time
——————————- ————— —– ————————–
ACT DB2INST1 T 2007-11-28-16.48.12.138286
……..
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 list tables for schema db2inst1 #查看db2inst1的表
Table/View Schema Type Creation time
——————————- ————— —– ————————–
ACT DB2INST1 T 2007-11-28-16.48.12.138286
ADEFUSR DB2INST1 S 2007-11-28-16.48.16.196999
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 list tablespaces #查看表空間，如果加show detail可以看詳細信息
Tablespaces for Current Database
Tablespace ID = 0
Name = SYSCATSPACE
Type = Database managed space
Contents = All permanent data. Regular table space.
State = 0×0000
Detailed explanation:
Normal
Tablespace ID = 1
Name = TEMPSPACE1
Type = System managed space
Contents = System Temporary data
State = 0×0000
Detailed explanation:
Normal
Tablespace ID = 2
Name = USERSPACE1
Type = Database managed space
Contents = All permanent data. Large table space.
State = 0×0000
Detailed explanation:
Normal
Tablespace ID = 3
Name = IBMDB2SAMPLEREL
Type = Database managed space
Contents = All permanent data. Large table space.
State = 0×0000
Detailed explanation:
Normal
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 list tablespace containers for 1 #查看表空間的容器
Tablespace Containers for Tablespace 1
Container ID = 0
Name = /db2home/db2inst1/db2inst1/NODE0000/SAMPLE/T0000001/C0000000.TMP
Type = Path
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 describe table staff #顯示表結構
Column Type Type
name schema name Length Scale Nulls
—————————— ——— —————— ——– —– ——
ID SYSIBM SMALLINT 2 0 No
NAME SYSIBM VARCHAR 9 0 Yes
DEPT SYSIBM SMALLINT 2 0 Yes
JOB SYSIBM CHARACTER 5 0 Yes
YEARS SYSIBM SMALLINT 2 0 Yes
SALARY SYSIBM DECIMAL 7 2 Yes
COMM SYSIBM DECIMAL 7 2 Yes
#創建表，插入記錄
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 “create table t1(id smallint,name varchar(10))”
DB20000I The SQL command completed successfully.
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 “insert into t1 values(1,’seagull’)”
DB20000I The SQL command completed successfully.
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 “insert into t1 values(2,’lgh’)”
DB20000I The SQL command completed successfully.
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 “insert into t1 values(2,’海鷗’)”
DB20000I The SQL command completed successfully.
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 commit
DB20000I The SQL command completed successfully.
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 “select * from t1″
ID NAME
—— ———-
1 seagull
2 lgh
2 海鷗
3 record(s) selected.
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$ db2 get db cfg|grep code #查看數據庫字符集
Database code page = 1208
Database code set = UTF-8
Database country/region code = 1
[db2inst1@seagull ~]$
#注解，在客戶端，要設置db2codepage變量與數據庫一致，這樣才能正確的顯示漢字，客戶端設置方法db2set db2codepage=1208，在windows 上，db2codepage默認為1386(GBK),linux上默認為1208(UTF-8),aix上默認為819(ISO8859-1)，要注意這個問題，我在客戶端查詢t1表時就發現是亂碼，后來設置了客戶端變量db2codepage才搞定。
另外一種可行的辦法是，在服務器上創建生產庫時，指定數據庫字符集為GBK，這樣windows客戶端就不用改db2codepage變量了，這個方法我以前用過，當時在服務器上創建生產數據庫的腳本為：
su – db2inst1
db2set db2codepage=1386 #為了能創建gbk字符集數據庫
exit #退一次為了使得設置生效
su – db2inst1
db2 create db GZDC using codeset GBK territory CN
connect to gzdc
db2 grant dbadm on database to db2admin
db2 “create bufferpool BP_8K size -1 pagesize 8192 not extended storage”
db2 “alter bufferpool IBMDEFAULTBP immediate size 50000″
CREATE system temporary TABLESPACE TS_SYSTEMP_04 PAGESIZE 4096 MANAGED BY DATABASE USING (FILE ‘/db2data/db2data01/stmp4k1.dbf’ 1024M, FILE ‘/db2data/db2data02/stmp4k2.dbf’ 1024M) EXTENTSIZE 32 PREFETCHSIZE 64
CREATE system temporary TABLESPACE TS_SYSTEMP_08 PAGESIZE 8192 MANAGED BY DATABASE USING (FILE ‘/db2data/db2data01/stmp8k1.dbf’ 5G, FILE ‘/db2data/db2data02/stmp8k2.dbf’ 5G) EXTENTSIZE 192 PREFETCHSIZE 384 BUFFERPOOL BP_8K
CREATE LARGE TABLESPACE HOSPITALSPACE PAGESIZE 8192 MANAGED BY DATABASE USING
(FILE ‘/db2data/db2data01/HOSPITAL_01.dbf’ 50G,
FILE ‘/db2data/db2data02/HOSPITAL_02.dbf’ 50G,
FILE ‘/db2data/db2data01/HOSPITAL_03.dbf’ 50G,
FILE ‘/db2data/db2data02/HOSPITAL_04.dbf’ 50G,
FILE ‘/db2data/db2data01/HOSPITAL_05.dbf’ 50G,
FILE ‘/db2data/db2data02/HOSPITAL_06.dbf’ 50G,
FILE ‘/db2data/db2data01/HOSPITAL_07.dbf’ 50G,
FILE ‘/db2data/db2data02/HOSPITAL_08.dbf’ 50G,
FILE ‘/db2data/db2data01/HOSPITAL_09.dbf’ 50G,
FILE ‘/db2data/db2data02/HOSPITAL_10.dbf’ 50G)
EXTENTSIZE 192 PREFETCHSIZE 384 BUFFERPOOL BP_8K;
CREATE LARGE TABLESPACE MANAGERSPACE PAGESIZE 8192 MANAGED BY DATABASE USING (FILE ‘/db2data/db2data01/MANAGER_01.dbf’ 25G) EXTENTSIZE 192 PREFETCHSIZE 384 BUFFERPOOL BP_8K
alter tablespace managerspace add (file ‘/db2data/db2data02/MANAGER_02.dbf’ 25G)
個人注解：
DB2感覺很容易裝啊，比oracle要簡單多了，而且管理好像也簡單，只不過db2不支持rac模式，db2自己的dpf模式，和rac有本質差別，在其中一個數據庫節點所在的主機出現問題時，其管理的數據庫分區必須切換到正常節點才能保證整個數據庫的完整使用，而且正常情況下，數據庫分區之間可能會有比較大的網絡通信負載
看來oracle的rac機制還是比較難實現的。
總結
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