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t oracle删除吗,Oracle 11g 手工建库与删库

發(fā)布時間：2023/12/2 编程问答 27 豆豆

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Oracle 11g 手工建庫與刪庫

在前一篇文章中提到閱讀Oracle 11gR2 Administrator‘s

Guide(文檔編號E25494-01)時，簡單描述了DDL_LOCK_TIMEOUT參數(shù)。在Oracle 11gR2

Administrator‘s Guide文檔的chapter 2 Creating and Configuring an

Oracle Database章節(jié)時，提到手工建庫，本文簡單記錄一下，如何在OEL 5.5

X86_64位環(huán)境下，手工創(chuàng)建及刪除11.2.0.1.0的數(shù)據(jù)庫，將文件放到文件系統(tǒng)上存放。當然，利用DBCA來建庫、刪庫比較簡單，就不再贅述了。具體操作步驟如下：

1 前提條件，操作系統(tǒng)上已經(jīng)安裝好Oracle 11gR2 的軟件

其中環(huán)境變量ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle，ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1；

[root@OCM11g ~]# su - oracle

OCM11g-> env | grep ORA

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

OCM11g->

2 確認環(huán)境變量

本例中選擇ORACLE_SID=manualdb,ORACLE_HOME選用原有的/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1；

OCM11g-> iduid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1201(asmdba),1300(dba),1301(oper)OCM11g-> uname -rm2.6.18-194.el5 x86_64OCM11g-> export ORACLE_SID=manualdbOCM11g-> env | grep ORAORACLE_SID=manualdbORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1OCM11g->

3 創(chuàng)建初始化參數(shù)文件

這里將參數(shù)文件放到系統(tǒng)默認的路徑下，即$ORACLE_HOME/dbs,命名為initmanualdb.ora,其內容如下：

OCM11g-> cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initmanualdb.ora

db_name=manualdb

memory_target=600m

OCM11g->

簡單起見，我們只在初始化參數(shù)文件中指定了db_name,memory_target這兩個參數(shù)。我們知道，啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫實例的最少參數(shù)只需要一個db_name即可，這里選擇db_name=manualdb,附加一個memory_target=600m,這個是11g的新參數(shù)，用于控制SGA+PGA的總大小。當然，也可以在參數(shù)文件中指定control_files,如果該參數(shù)被忽略的話，那么Oracle會自動在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路徑下創(chuàng)建一個名為cntrl$ORACLE_SID.dbf的控制文件。

4 準備將來存放數(shù)據(jù)文件、日志文件的路徑。

這兩類文件的路徑如下：

datafile:

OCM11g-> mkdir -p /u02/manualdb/oradata

online log:

OCM11g-> mkdir -p /u02/manualdb/onlinelogOCM11g-> ll /u02/manualdb/total 8drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 30 10:56 onlinelogdrwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 30 10:56 oradataOCM11g->

5 啟動manualdb實例到NOMOUNT狀態(tài)

其實，在該環(huán)境下，我們的控制文件尚未生成，實例至多也只能加載到NOMOUNT狀態(tài)：

OCM11g-> id

uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1201(asmdba),1300(dba),1301(oper)

OCM11g-> env | grep ORA

ORACLE_SID=manualdb

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

OCM11g-> sqlplus

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Mar 30 10:59:32 2012

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes

Fixed Size 2215944 bytes

Variable Size 373297144 bytes

Database Buffers 243269632 bytes

Redo Buffers 7544832 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

SQL>

上述報錯ORA-00205提示控制文件找不到，正是我們所預見的，因為當前控制文件還未生成，所以數(shù)據(jù)庫沒法MOUNT，說明數(shù)據(jù)庫是NOMOUNT狀態(tài)。這時，也可以看到相關的后臺進程已經(jīng)啟動：

SQL> !

OCM11g-> ps -ef | grep ora_|grep -v grep

oracle 14885 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_manualdb

oracle 14887 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_manualdb

oracle 14891 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_manualdb

oracle 14893 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_manualdb

oracle 14895 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_manualdb

oracle 14897 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_manualdb

oracle 14899 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_manualdb

oracle 14903 1 6 11:02 ? 00:00:27 ora_mman_manualdb

oracle 14905 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:01 ora_dbw0_manualdb

oracle 14907 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_manualdb

oracle 14909 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_manualdb

oracle 14911 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_manualdb

oracle 14913 1 0 11:03 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_manualdb

oracle 14915 1 0 11:03 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_manualdb

oracle 14917 1 0 11:03 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_manualdb

OCM11g->

6 執(zhí)行下述CREATE DATABASE的命令，開始手工創(chuàng)建Oracle 數(shù)據(jù)庫：

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;select open_mode from v$database

*ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01507: database not mounted

手工建庫腳本：

CREATE DATABASE manualdb USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo01a.log') SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 ('/u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo02a.log') SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512 MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 1

MAXDATAFILES 100 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/system01.dbf' SIZE 300M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 300M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/users01.dbf' SIZE 5M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

Database created.

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE

--------- --------------------

MANUALDB READ WRITE

SQL>

7 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)字典視圖，分別執(zhí)行下述腳本來完成：

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

......

......SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

......

......SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

......

上述3個腳本的說明見下表：

The Scripts and

descriptions|------|------||Script|Description||CATALOG.SQL|Creates

the views of the data dictionary tables,the dynamic performance

views,and public synonyms for many of the views.Grants PUBLIC

access to the synonyms.||CATPROC.SQL|Runs all scripts required for

or used with PL/SQL.||PUPBLD.SQL|Required for SQLPlus. Enables

SQLPlus to disable commands by user.|

8 至此，我們完成了手工創(chuàng)建Oracle 數(shù)據(jù)庫。

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

5 rows selected.

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;

NAME OPEN_MODE

--------- --------------------

MANUALDB READ WRITE

1 row selected.

SQL> select name from v$datafile 2 union 3 select name from v$controlfile 4 union 5 select member from v$logfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/cntrlmanualdb.dbf/u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo01a.log/u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo02a.log/u02/manualdb/oradata/sysaux01.dbf/u02/manualdb/oradata/system01.dbf/u02/manualdb/oradata/undotbs01.dbf/u02/manualdb/oradata/users01.dbf

7 rows selected.

SQL>

9 最后，如果該數(shù)據(jù)庫不需要的話。我們可以執(zhí)行手工刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫

當然必須要將數(shù)據(jù)庫啟動到MOUNT RESTRICT狀態(tài)來刪除：

如何確認實例是否是RESTRICTED MODE：

SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS

--------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------

manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 ALLOWED

1 row selected.

SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS

--------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------

manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 RESTRICTED

1 row selected.

SQL> alter system disable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS

--------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------

manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 ALLOWED

1 row selected.

SQL>

通過查看V$INSTANCE動態(tài)性能視圖的LOGINS字段，如果該值為ALLOWED，說明實例是正常啟動，并未進入RESTRICTED

MODE，普通用戶可以正常訪問；如果該值為RESTRICTED說明是RESTRICTED MODE，即需要具有RESTRICTED

SESSION系統(tǒng)權限的用戶方可訪問；

手工刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫：

SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS

--------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------

manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 ALLOWED

1 row selected.

SQL> drop database;

drop database

*ERROR at line 1:

ORA-12719: operation requires database is in RESTRICTED mode

SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS

--------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------

manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 RESTRICTED

1 row selected.

SQL> drop database;

Database dropped.

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

此時，Oracle自動刪除該數(shù)據(jù)庫的所有數(shù)據(jù)文件、聯(lián)機重做日志文件、控制文件以及初始化參數(shù)文件。從alert日志文件里可以看到下述信息：

Fri Mar 30 13:45:33 2012drop database

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/system01.dbf

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/sysaux01.dbf

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/undotbs01.dbf

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/users01.dbf

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo01a.log

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo02a.log

Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/temp01.dbf

Deleted file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_manualdb.f

10 簡單總結，可見手工創(chuàng)建、刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫也很簡單。

當然，在第6步中執(zhí)行手工建庫的命令中還有諸多其它選項，比如選擇OMF，這時，只要在參數(shù)文件中指定DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST參數(shù)，那么建庫的命令將更加簡單。

轉：http://www.oracleonlinux.cn/2012/03/11gr2-manual-create-database/?

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