settings.json 中添加

"code-runner.executorMap": {"cpp": "cd $dir && g++ $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt -std=c++11 `pkg-config --libs --static  opencv4` `pkg-config --cflags opencv4` && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt"},

c_cpp_properties.json 添加

{"configurations": [{"name": "Linux","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","/usr/local/include/opencv4"],"defines": [],"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc","cStandard": "c11","cppStandard": "c++17","intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64"}],"version": 4
}

"/usr/local/include/opencv4" 為本機 OpenCV 的安裝路徑。

其余參考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/flyinggod/p/10867530.html

https://blog.csdn.net/fightfightfight/article/details/82857397

https://www.cnblogs.com/YiYA-blog/p/10082635.html

https://blog.csdn.net/u010648921/article/details/82628616

總結

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