1，頂帽
2，黑帽

3，形態學梯度
4,源代碼示例

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as npdef hat_gray_demo(image): #基于灰度圖像的頂帽操作gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (15, 15))dst = cv.morphologyEx(gray, cv.MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel)cimage = np.array(gray.shape, np.uint8)cimage = 120;dst = cv.add(dst, cimage)cv.imshow("tophat_gray", dst)def hat_binary_demo(image):#基于二值圖像的黑帽帽操作gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY | cv.THRESH_OTSU)kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (15, 15))dst = cv.morphologyEx(binary, cv.MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel)cv.imshow("blackhat_binary", dst)def gradient_demo(image):  #基本梯度gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY | cv.THRESH_OTSU)kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))dst = cv.morphologyEx(binary, cv.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel)cv.imshow("gradient", dst)def gradient2_demo(image):kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))dm = cv.dilate(image, kernel)em = cv.erode(image, kernel)dst1 = cv.subtract(image, em) # internal gradientdst2 = cv.subtract(dm, image) # external gradientcv.imshow("internal", dst1)cv.imshow("external", dst2)src = cv.imread("F:/images/lena.png")
cv.namedWindow("input image", cv.WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)
cv.imshow("input image", src)
hat_gray_demo(src)
hat_binary_demo(src)
gradient_demo(src)
gradient2_demo(src)
cv.waitKey(0)cv.destroyAllWindows()

總結

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