1，結(jié)構(gòu)作為函數(shù)參數(shù)

例子（以int函數(shù)為主）： int?函數(shù)名 (struct date d)

• 整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以作為參數(shù)的值傳入函數(shù)
• 新建一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)變量，并復(fù)制調(diào)用者的結(jié)構(gòu)的值

2，輸入\出結(jié)構(gòu)

（1）輸入結(jié)構(gòu)? 方法一

在這個(gè)傳入函數(shù)中，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)臨時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)變量，然后把這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)返回調(diào)用者

#include <stdio.h>
struct number{int x;int y;int z;
};
struct number getStructure(void);
int main(){struct number a;a=getStructure();printf("x = %d\n",a.x);printf("y = %d\n",a.y);printf("z = %d\n",a.z);return 0;
}
struct number getStructure(void){struct number p;scanf("%d",&p.x);   12scanf("%d",&p.y);   13scanf("%d",&p.z);   14return p;
}輸出：
x = 12
y = 13
z = 14

（2）輸入結(jié)構(gòu)?結(jié)構(gòu)指針作為參數(shù)? ?//返回結(jié)構(gòu)指針

（*p).month=12;

p->month=12;

用->表示指針?biāo)傅慕Y(jié)構(gòu)變量中的成員

#include <stdio.h>
struct number{int x;int y;int z;
};
struct number* getStructure(struct number* p);
int main(){struct number a;getStructure(&a);printf("x = %d\n",a.x);printf("y = %d\n",a.y);printf("z = %d\n",a.z);return 0;
}
struct number* getStructure(struct number* p){scanf("%d",&p->x);  12scanf("%d",&p->y);  13scanf("%d",&p->z);  14return p;
}輸出：
x = 12
y = 13
z = 14

3，結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)組

struct?結(jié)構(gòu)名?數(shù)組名[數(shù)組大小];

#include <stdio.h>
struct number{int x;int y;int z;
};
struct number* getStructure(struct number* p);
int main(){int i;struct number a[]={ //初始化數(shù)組{2021,7,21}, //初始化結(jié)構(gòu)a[0]{2021,8,29},};for(i=0;i<2;i++){printf("x = %d ",a[i].x);printf("y = %d ",a[i].y);printf("z = %d\n",a[i].z);}return 0;
}輸出：
x = 2021 y = 7 z = 21
x = 2021 y = 8 z = 29

?4,嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)

必須先定義成員結(jié)構(gòu)的類型，再定義主結(jié)構(gòu)的類型

#include <stdio.h>
struct number{int x;int y;
};
struct num{struct number r1;
};
struct number* getStructure(struct number* p);
int main(){int i;struct num* b;struct num a={{11,22}};printf("a.r1.x = %d ",a.r1.x);  //第一種取值方式printf("a.r2.y = %d\n ",a.r1.y);printf("b->r1.x = %d 	",&b->r1.x); //第二種取值方式printf("b->r1.y = %d\n",&b->r1.y);return 0;
}

?b->r1->y? (X)

?5,結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)組

struct num{struct number r1;struct number r2;
};
int main(){int i;struct num* b;struct num a[]={  {{11,22},{33,44}},  //初始化主結(jié)構(gòu)a[0]};printf("a[0].r1.x = %d   ",a[0].r1.x);printf("a[0].r1.y = %d\n ",a[0].r1.y);printf("\n");printf("a[1].r2.x = %d   ",a[0].r2.x);printf("a[1].r2.y = %d\n ",a[0].r2.y);return 0;
}輸出：
a[0].r1.x = 11   a[0].r1.y = 22a[0].r2.x = 33   a[0].r2.y = 44

1. 不同的成員變量組合，結(jié)構(gòu)的sizeof如何，是否正好等于全部成員的sizeof之和？

2. 結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)的成員之間是否連續(xù)，相鄰的成員的地址的差是否等于對(duì)應(yīng)的成員的sizeof？

#include<stdio.h>struct date{int month;double day;char year;}today;int main(void)
{struct date today;today.month = 0;today.day = 5;today.year = '1';printf("sizeof(today) = %d\n",sizeof(today));printf("sizeof(today.month+today.day+today.year) = %d\n"
,sizeof(today.month)+sizeof(today.day)+sizeof(today.year));printf("address of today = %p\n",&today);printf("address of month = %p\n",&today.month);printf("address of day = %p\n",&today.day);printf("address of year = %p\n",&today.year);printf("year - day = %lf\n",today.year-today.day);printf("day - month = %lf\n",today.day-today.month);return 0;
}輸出：
sizeof(today) = 24
sizeof(today.month+today.day+today.year) = 13
address of today = 000000000062FE00
address of month = 000000000062FE00
address of day = 000000000062FE08
address of year = 000000000062FE10
year - day = 44.000000
day - month = 5.000000

結(jié)構(gòu)的sizeof是指結(jié)構(gòu)整體所占空間的大小，由于結(jié)構(gòu)中成員的排列順序，數(shù)據(jù)是否對(duì)齊，造成與各個(gè)成員的sizeof之和并不相同。

結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)的成員之間不一定連續(xù)，相鄰的成員的地址的差不一定等于對(duì)應(yīng)的成員的sizeof，取決于成員所占空間大小與成員如何排列。

總結(jié)

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