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openstack之虚拟机管理命令

發布時間：2025/5/22 编程问答 25 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 openstack之虚拟机管理命令小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

在控制節點上建hzb-openrc.sh

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=default export OS_USER_DOMAIN_ID=default export OS_PROJECT_NAME=hzb_tenant export OS_TENANT_NAME=hzb_tenant export OS_USERNAME=huzhengbo export OS_PASSWORD=huzhengbo export OS_AUTH_URL=http://172.16.12.7:35357/v3 export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3 source hzb-openrc.sh

以上主要是認證，使得后面創建的資源落在hzb_tenant租戶上

1、創建虛擬機

?1）查看一下規格

[root@cc07 ~]# nova flavor-list|grep vcpus_1 | vcpus_16_cpu_cores_8_cpu_sockets_2_ram_16384_disk_50_eph_0 | vcpus_16_cpu_cores_8_cpu_sockets_2_ram_16384_disk_50_eph_0 | 16384 | 50 | 0 | | 16 | 1.0 | True | | vcpus_16_cpu_cores_8_cpu_sockets_2_ram_32768_disk_50_eph_0 | vcpus_16_cpu_cores_8_cpu_sockets_2_ram_32768_disk_50_eph_0 | 32768 | 50 | 0 | | 16 | 1.0 | True | | vcpus_1_cpu_cores_1_cpu_sockets_1_ram_1024_disk_10_eph_0 | vcpus_1_cpu_cores_1_cpu_sockets_1_ram_1024_disk_10_eph_0 | 1024 | 10 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True | | vcpus_1_cpu_cores_1_cpu_sockets_1_ram_1024_disk_1_eph_0 | vcpus_1_cpu_cores_1_cpu_sockets_1_ram_1024_disk_1_eph_0 | 1024 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |

2）查看一下鏡像

[root@cc07 ~]# glance image-list|grep test-boshen | 7dbda9ff-b13f-410b-8152-2c27c6bba4b6 | test-boshen1g |

3）查看一下網絡

[root@cc07 ~]# neutron net-list --tenant-id=26a8e1feb372493d831c19d4d9e28d73 +--------------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | id | name | subnets | +--------------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+ | 0575cad8-38b0-4d0a-833c-86779f4f43bb | hzb-pub1 | | | 2193270e-c4c9-469c-99ae-87ebdb4ba535 | hzb-privnet1 | 0ba19972-c2f6-4cbb-80f6-a642a2f698a8 10.30.0.0/24 | +--------------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------+

4）查看一下安全組

5）創建秘鑰

(neutron-server)[root@cc07 /]# openstack keypair create hzb-keypaire-priv -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEqAIBAAKCAQEA02eI9yEc8EvEDLBiXqPGFZtuQ/wa4dMH44mPLvadOW7xrkt2 5kQh1STcCYX6aJT9vX8IIrQlkx9rc2Y5mdWO/L39nvmLdWgsOUSCx/AgMj5kZj6L +en3UYULXSFKnA8uw4jspf0DgzAjT69YXVaAPzVmZSwriNtye7Jz3byZ5/pddQQh /C3KC7t1hay3lYkgpqURaQT31UqIkN+VTYehKIHMAsyY2IVxEtUVsQegbMDIZrrZ mDRTewCLZDfVwFQf7cmDdDQsrsb+xEo6PinH8CJWwT3xO5HC3MbJahUK+nFcgDRH sbHuFfMBpzuGrtFPYmbW7IjiqvcYt37NFubi0QIDAQABAoIBAQCPXuIWp9BWbyvQ ZzbvdCZ8tOK9HJamnFX3TG1crkfGkaU6TVefpolDYjIQC1rd3l2PTD2aO45YDrDy nFtoJttIMRl13UtlHncPh5UiP4m2SXYRmU2Y+cGO+anRSSiuWeWfGpdToxnkuJra CdLlyipDs9Vzu9byg9FKbqYBtUyzc26pAb910F0dfraz6Qiy/Nm8iQGugCdDfvq4 p2Xf8ySQGKRqe5pvQY9AfN6oyGuSyqJoRqCyK624E5wxrHCCcZC07eiLXmGDNJKi n0PwvqemtTB+Mnfz95V/PI53VXt5pUrHekI1niXxx6dQN+xwNg7CzAiJT2fOfpJQ 25UFRM8ZAoIAgQDlzG9mJHQ5lzfpQtyCRNiXMjrR+vKrhCamiKTTpOjtbnaiEeUW 1VkvDOKB9grGZvKKS8Ug67OR73ATP5E4cHO8WUnYsk1vu/lYzPOvwcit3uccLz7b 7pCG1eKi8AD/+T6k27yRNVBXKOva4nQyan916wBmT3ho7OmyYBkKQOJt0wKCAIEA 64IyAhSGvAXnV01DWsnPKdKVXUezXdE2sXTEN38TDApUCKp8I9K+mZVatSaY+YWU bivdWhH//ZkmWWbH/Ff2fQwLp/xBF7ydWPlMBTQ9ex+jNZMHE7Jy9YK/5lwDL2Zt i6UJoiSZjeUa0hPLwqt/diO3nF5l6PQCCWqFR4Z8sksCggCAedx5zs7SG6BHdBmS 2josKbHnY2cSvUXtQS8BSYMQSqjjnHqk5ADrtHm+vHB/skrxn8kilpyns2IoKuzw 098+YMlw0ctsKS6jwiWdrLy08Q9du6KKURMn7XkLIKDpxtSkFcS5ML/3BOGcgYzJ VdsIEL44jgjir7HDFGbFoJxb9yUCggCAHJCdGi19Lh8VMTyY19E0hGEbZsYElnOC y8Fa71RFbidui+KJzhqIrb4001YMJe+y0i4V2g/m2c6SnTNfPFc6+W3VmBl7l7Jz 70/FjbgJYP60YBImQJhbYzXpqrosVLp6vP5Wjckcqt5IA4UNKN5+RkkMwzWb7MZz 3MqDweopA8MCggCAfEeYBQ90WWOleGduw+jYl2WT8+5MZt+HmkdPIrd3sSt0r9nJ NT+TN3cwZDUqpnweo3hZzzvZDv+aIlItT4TueifX5EnsBmrVZ7el0KvIM9MoDOWl +wlGPcs9Np1Dkr2mxMX6BWrGCo0KW5hxlz663/pbC6FxE5XRua4IkbW8ghE= -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

6）查看主機

[root@cc07 ~]# nova service-list +----+------------------+-----------------------------+-----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+ | Id | Binary | Host | Zone | Status | State | Updated_at | Disabled Reason | +----+------------------+-----------------------------+-----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+ | 17 | nova-consoleauth | cc07.chinacloud.com | internal | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:24.000000 | - | | 18 | nova-scheduler | cc07.chinacloud.com | internal | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:24.000000 | - | | 20 | nova-conductor | cc07.chinacloud.com | internal | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:28.000000 | - | | 28 | nova-compute | nc12.chinacloud.com | region-1 | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:28.000000 | - | | 29 | nova-compute | nc09.chinacloud.com | nova | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:26.000000 | - | | 30 | nova-compute | nc11.chinacloud.com | AZ_kvm | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:24.000000 | - | | 31 | nova-compute | nc10.chinacloud.com | nova | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:30.000000 | - | | 34 | nova-compute | cc07.chinacloud.com | bare_az | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:27.000000 | - | | 35 | nova-conductor | nc09.chinacloud.com | internal | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:28.000000 | - | | 40 | nova-compute | CLS1_172.16.0.9_dummydriver | nova | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:26.000000 | - | | 41 | nova-compute | CLS1_172.16.0.9_driver | vmvare-09 | enabled | up | 2018-10-26T07:25:24.000000 | - | | 43 | nova-compute | compute.chinacloud.com | nova | enabled | down | 2018-10-25T07:34:11.000000 | - | +----+------------------+-----------------------------+-----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+

準備建在AZ_kvm這個可用域里面的?nc11.chinacloud.com 節點上

7）、創建虛擬機

[root@cc07 ~]# nova boot --flavor vcpus_1_cpu_cores_1_cpu_sockets_1_ram_1024_disk_1_eph_0 --image 7dbda9ff-b13f-410b-8152-2c27c6bba4b6 --nic net-id=2193270e-c4c9-469c-99ae-87ebdb4ba535 --security-groups fdbffd7a-5f5e-413a-8d78-5f26bdc23c4e --key-name hzb-keypaire-priv --availability-zone AZ_kvm:nc11.chinacloud.com hzb-boot-test +--------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +--------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | AZ_kvm | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | - | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | - | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-000001ed | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | - | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | - | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | adminPass | | | config_drive | | | created | 2018-10-26T08:01:38Z | | flavor | vcpus_1_cpu_cores_1_cpu_sockets_1_ram_1024_disk_1_eph_0 (vcpus_1_cpu_cores_1_cpu_sockets_1_ram_1024_disk_1_eph_0) | | hostId | | | id | 046eade8-4f8f-4d4b-a1cf-1f7d7739e2d7 | | image | test-xulang1g (7dbda9ff-b13f-410b-8152-2c27c6bba4b6) | | key_name | hzb-keypaire-priv | | metadata | {"hypervisor_type": "qemu", "isvm": "1"} | | name | hzb-boot-test | | os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] | | progress | 0 | | security_groups | fdbffd7a-5f5e-413a-8d78-5f26bdc23c4e | | status | BUILD | | tenant_id | 26a8e1feb372493d831c19d4d9e28d73 | | updated | 2018-10-26T08:01:41Z | | user_id | b735c8ddd7b54e228e8c068533a0de69 | +--------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

?2、停止虛擬機

3、啟動虛擬機

4、掛起虛擬機

5、恢復掛起虛擬機

6、暫停虛擬機

7、恢復暫停

8、重啟虛擬機

9、掛載數據卷

10、查看虛擬機掛載的所有數據卷

nova volume-attachments <server> [root@cc07 ~]# nova volume-attachments hzb-test +--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | ID | DEVICE | SERVER ID | VOLUME ID | +--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | 48e23242-6ce6-486f-8841-417693b5f37c | /dev/vdb | bf681562-161c-4d3c-8844-fed602903c6e | 48e23242-6ce6-486f-8841-417693b5f37c | +--------------------------------------+----------+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+

11、虛擬機卸載數據卷

nova volume-detach hzb-test 48e23242-6ce6-486f-8841-417693b5f37c

12、虛擬機掛載網卡

usage: nova interface-attach [--port-id <port_id>] [--net-id <net_id>] [--fixed-ip <fixed_ip>] <server> [root@cc07 ~]# neutron net-list|grep hzb | 0575cad8-38b0-4d0a-833c-86779f4f43bb | hzb-pub1 | | | 7856011d-32e7-42a7-887d-2f9dc3c730e7 | hzb-net | d0ef28a3-68fe-4b66-bb66-e723825fab82 10.23.2.0/24 | | 2193270e-c4c9-469c-99ae-87ebdb4ba535 | hzb-privnet1 | 0ba19972-c2f6-4cbb-80f6-a642a2f698a8 10.30.0.0/24 | [root@cc07 ~]# nova interface-attach --net-id 7856011d-32e7-42a7-887d-2f9dc3c730e7 hzb-test [root@cc07 ~]# nova list +--------------------------------------+----------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks | +--------------------------------------+----------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------------+ | bf681562-161c-4d3c-8844-fed602903c6e | hzb-test | ACTIVE | - | Running | hzb-privnet1=10.30.0.65; hzb-net=10.23.2.4 | +--------------------------------------+----------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------------------------------+

可以綁多個網卡

13、查看虛擬機的網卡信息

14、卸載虛擬機的網卡

usage: nova interface-detach <server> <port_id>

卸載網卡，必須指定port-id，因為同一個虛擬機的可能綁定了同一個子網的多個ip，每個ip和port是一一對應的。

15、綁定浮動ip

usage: nova floating-ip-associate [--fixed-address <fixed_address>] <server> <address>

1）看有哪些可用的浮動IP

(nova-api)[root@cc07 nova]# nova floating-ip-list +--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------+-----------+ | Id | IP | Server Id | Fixed IP | Pool | +--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------+-----------+ | 7bb93e28-bf36-4791-aebf-94fafa27d5fa | 172.16.12.219 | - | - | vlan_1612 | | bc258041-139e-4151-98c1-a6ba7960ad59 | 172.16.12.218 | - | - | vlan_1612 | +--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------+-----------+

2）將虛擬機hzb-test的10.33.0.66這個固定ip綁定到浮動IP172.16.12.218

(nova-api)[root@cc07 nova]# nova floating-ip-associate --fixed-address=10.33.0.66 hzb-test 172.16.12.218 ERROR (BadRequest): Unable to associate floating IP 172.16.12.218 to fixed IP 10.33.0.66 for instance bf681562-161c-4d3c-8844-fed602903c6e. Error: External network 519386bf-542a-4769-ac87-1b15ab96550c is not reachable from subnet d0ef28a3-68fe-4b66-bb66-e723825fab82. Therefore, cannot associate Port f615713a-1551-48e1-9d0e-f250fb082607 with a Floating IP. Neutron server returns request_ids: ['req-c59a64e0-9477-4bcc-a34b-bc5cd90fc94a'] (HTTP 400) (Request-ID: req-f28973b4-a31b-48ee-b137-806a7d6420a0)

上面報錯是由于兩個網段不能直接訪問，可以用一個路由把他們綁定起來。

創建一個路由

將路由綁定到外部網絡也就是剛才的浮動ip所在的網絡

(nova-api)[root@cc07 nova]# neutron router-gateway-set f1a45281-68a1-481a-b62a-ab735c8c2e8e vlan_1612 Set gateway for router f1a45281-68a1-481a-b62a-ab735c8c2e8e (nova-api)[root@cc07 nova]# neutron router-show hzb-route-test +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | True | | availability_zone_hints | | | availability_zones | nova | | description | | | distributed | False | | external_gateway_info | {"network_id": "519386bf-542a-4769-ac87-1b15ab96550c", "enable_snat": true, "external_fixed_ips": [{"subnet_id": "732a6431-e412-4db6-a5ec-bd9913699bab", "ip_address": "172.16.12.235"}]} | | ha | False | | id | f1a45281-68a1-481a-b62a-ab735c8c2e8e | | name | hzb-route-test | | routes | | | rx | -1 | | status | ACTIVE | | tenant_id | 26a8e1feb372493d831c19d4d9e28d73 | | tx | -1 | +-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

將路由綁定子網（hzb-sub-net2）也就是10.33.0.66所在的子網

(nova-api)[root@cc07 nova]# neutron router-interface-add f1a45281-68a1-481a-b62a-ab735c8c2e8e hzb-sub-net2 Added interface 3ad406ae-4c83-45d9-9d92-d1ac6d711594 to router f1a45281-68a1-481a-b62a-ab735c8c2e8e.

現在開始再次：虛擬機hzb-test的10.33.0.66這個固定ip綁定到浮動IP172.16.12.218

(nova-api)[root@cc07 nova]# nova floating-ip-associate --fixed-address=10.33.0.66 hzb-test 172.16.12.218 (nova-api)[root@cc07 nova]# nova floating-ip-list +--------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------------+------------+-----------+ | Id | IP | Server Id | Fixed IP | Pool | +--------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------------+------------+-----------+ | 7bb93e28-bf36-4791-aebf-94fafa27d5fa | 172.16.12.219 | - | - | vlan_1612 | | bc258041-139e-4151-98c1-a6ba7960ad59 | 172.16.12.218 | bf681562-161c-4d3c-8844-fed602903c6e | 10.33.0.66 | vlan_1612 | +--------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------------------------+------------+-----------+

16、解綁浮動IP

usage: nova floating-ip-disassociate <server> <address> (nova-api)[root@cc07 nova]# nova floating-ip-disassociate hzb-test 172.16.12.218 (nova-api)[root@cc07 nova]# nova floating-ip-list +--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------+-----------+ | Id | IP | Server Id | Fixed IP | Pool | +--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------+-----------+ | 7bb93e28-bf36-4791-aebf-94fafa27d5fa | 172.16.12.219 | - | - | vlan_1612 | | bc258041-139e-4151-98c1-a6ba7960ad59 | 172.16.12.218 | - | - | vlan_1612 | +--------------------------------------+---------------+-----------+----------+-----------+

17、列出虛擬機的安全組

上面有4個安全組，是因為虛擬機hzb-test綁定了4個ip，每個ip默認綁定了一個default安全組

18、綁定安全組

上面的方法會給所有的ip都應用了安全組，boshen-sg2

如果我們只是想給具體的某一個ip應用安全組，那么只能更新具體的port

現在我們將安全組boshen-sg2應用到10.23.2.5這個port上

19、卸載安全組

上面的方法會給所有的ip都卸載了安全組，boshen-sg2

20、查看vnc

(nova-api)[root@cc07 nova]# nova get-vnc-console hzb-test novnc +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Type | Url | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | novnc | http://172.16.12.7:6080/vnc_auto.html?token=cf81ba3f-3103-4f49-9b9c-85a910f74848 | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

21、resize（通過設置不同的flavor實現的）

nova resize hzb-test vcpus_1_cpu_cores_1_cpu_sockets_1_ram_2048_disk_60_eph_0

22、lock/unlock

lock后，可以防止對其進行其他誤操作

nova lock hzb-test nova unlock hzb-test

23、創建快照

其工作原理是對 instance的鏡像文件（系統盤）進行全量備份，生成一個類型為 snapshot的 image，然后將其保存到 Glance上。快照之前，最好先pause虛擬機

nova create-image hzb-test hzb-test-snapshot

24、重建

nova rebuild hzb-test-snapshot

25、shelve/unshelve

1）、shelve 將 instance 保存到 Glance 上，之后可通過 Unshelve 重新部署。 Shelve 操作成功后，instance 會從原來的計算節點上刪除。

會自動生成鏡像h001-shelved

2）unshelve，?會重新選擇節點部署，可能不是原節點。

usage: nova unshelve <server>

?26，migrate/live-migration

1)、migrate，將 instance 遷移到其他計算節點。遷移之前，instance 會被 Shut Off，支持共享存儲和非共享存儲。不支持指定遷移到哪個計算節點

usage: nova migrate [--poll] <server>Migrate a server. The new host will be selected by the scheduler.Positional arguments:<server> Name or ID of server.Optional arguments:--poll Report the server migration progress until it completes. nova migrate cc64cd70-a4d2-4850-aec9-dd9147866956

2）live-migration，能不停機在線地遷移 instance，保證了業務的連續性。也支持共享存儲和非共享存儲（Block Migration）

usage: nova live-migration [--block-migrate] [--force] <server> [<host>]Migrate running server to a new machine.Positional arguments:<server> Name or ID of server.<host> Destination host name. If no host is specified, thescheduler will choose one.Optional arguments:--block-migrate True in case of block_migration.(Default=auto:live_migration) (Supported by API versions'2.25' - '2.latest')--force Force a live-migration by not verifying the provideddestination host by the scheduler. WARNING: This couldresult in failures to actually live migrate the server tothe specified host. It is recommended to either not specifya host so that the scheduler will pick one, or specify ahost without --force. (Supported by API versions '2.30' -'2.latest') nova live-migration cc64cd70-a4d2-4850-aec9-dd9147866956 compute.chinacloud.com

總結

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