1，磁盤分區(qū)命令fdisk

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l #查看磁盤分區(qū)情況

Disk /dev/sda: 10.8 GB, 10837518250 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

(這個(gè)硬盤的大小是10.8GB，有255個(gè)磁面，63個(gè)扇區(qū)，1305磁柱(cylinders)

每個(gè)cylinder(磁柱)的容量是8225280 bytes=8225.280K(約為)=8.225280M(約))

Device Boot????? Start ? ? ? End ? ? ?Blocks ? ?Id? System

/dev/sda1??* ? ? ? 1 ? ? ? ? 13 ? ? ?104391 ? ?83? Linux

/dev/sda2 ? ? ? ? ?14 ? ? ? ?1305 ? ? 10377990 ? 8e? Linux LVM

(ID和System表示的是分區(qū)類型，id看起來(lái)不太直觀，我們要在fdisk創(chuàng)建一個(gè)分區(qū)時(shí)，可以指定id來(lái)確認(rèn)分區(qū)類型；比如7表示的就NTFS分區(qū)；這個(gè)在fdisk中要通過(guò)參數(shù)“t”來(lái)指定。)

硬盤分區(qū)的表示：在Linux是通過(guò)hd*x或sd*x表示的：

其中*表示的是a、b、c ... ...

另外x表示的數(shù)字1、2、3 ... ...

hd大多是IDE硬盤；sd大多是SCSI或移動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)；引導(dǎo)(Boot)：表示引導(dǎo)分區(qū)，在上面的例子中sda1是引導(dǎo)分區(qū)；

Start(開(kāi)始)：表示的一個(gè)分區(qū)從Xcylinder(磁柱)開(kāi)始；

End(結(jié)束)：表示一個(gè)分區(qū)到?Ycylinder(磁柱)結(jié)束；

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB,21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a validpartition table

[root@localhost ~]#?fdisk /dev/sda #對(duì)磁盤sda進(jìn)行分區(qū)

Thenumber of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.

There isnothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and couldin certain setups cause problems with:

1) softwarethat runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2)booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

(輸入m可以得到幫助信息)

Command(m for help): m???? ?????????????---輸出幫助信息

Commandaction

a??toggle a bootable flag? ???????????? ---設(shè)置啟動(dòng)分區(qū)

b??edit bsd disklabel????? ????????? ?---編輯分區(qū)標(biāo)簽

c??toggle the dos compatibility flag???????? ---切換dos兼容模式

d??delete a partition????????????????--刪除一個(gè)分區(qū)

l??list known partition types????????????--列出分區(qū)類型

m??print this menu????????????????? --幫助

n??add a new partition?????????????? ?--建立一個(gè)新的分區(qū)

o??create a new empty DOS partition table??????--創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的空白DOS分區(qū)表

p??print the partition table ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---打印分區(qū)表

q??quit without saving changes ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---退出不保存設(shè)置

s ? createa new empty Sun disklabel ? ? ? ? ? ? ---創(chuàng)建新的sun磁盤標(biāo)簽

t ? changea partition's system id ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---改變分區(qū)的ID

u ? changedisplay/entry units ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---改變顯示的單位

v ? verifythe partition table ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---檢查驗(yàn)證分區(qū)表

w??write table to disk and exit ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---保存分區(qū)表

x??extra functionality (experts only)????????---擴(kuò)展功能

Command (m for help): n?(創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新分區(qū))

Command action

e?? extended

p?? primary partition (1-4)????? ---指定分區(qū)類型? e為擴(kuò)展分區(qū) ?p為主分區(qū)

p (輸入p選擇創(chuàng)建主分區(qū))

Partition number (1-4):1 (創(chuàng)建第一個(gè)主分區(qū)，也即是后來(lái)的sda1) ---主分區(qū)最多只能有四個(gè)

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1?? ---設(shè)定起始分區(qū)的位置

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-2610, default 2610):2610

Using default value 2610 ? ? ? ? ? ?---設(shè)定結(jié)束分區(qū)的位置

Command (m for help):w? ? ? ? ? ?---保存剛才的配置信息。

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

刪除分區(qū)

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problemswith:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): d ? ?(---d 是代表刪除，并且會(huì)列出當(dāng)前磁盤的分區(qū)數(shù))

Selected partition 1???? (1 是要?jiǎng)h除的分區(qū)編號(hào))

Command (m for help): p ? ?(---p 是代表刪除后，顯示磁盤還有幾個(gè)剩余的分區(qū))

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot ? ? Start ? ? End ? ?Blocks??Id? System ? 已經(jīng)沒(méi)有分區(qū)了

Command (m for help): w ? ?(---w 保存剛才的操作并且生效)

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

通過(guò)fdisk?命令來(lái)創(chuàng)建一指定大小的分區(qū)并增加一個(gè)分區(qū)

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problemswith:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help):n??????????? ---創(chuàng)建分區(qū)

Command action

e?? extended

p?? primary partition (1-4)

p????????????????輸入p --指定分區(qū)類型為主分區(qū)

Partition number (1-4):1?????????? --指定其實(shí)分區(qū)號(hào)

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1 ? ? ?--指定起始柱面號(hào)

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-2610, default 2610):1024 ---指定終止柱面號(hào)

Command (m for help):w??????????? ---保存分區(qū)配置信息

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the nextreboot.

Syncing disks.

增加分區(qū)

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb????? -----增加分區(qū)

The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problemswith:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): n?????? ---分區(qū)類型

Command action

e?? extended

p?? primary partition (1-4)??? ---還是指定主分區(qū)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1??????????---分區(qū)號(hào)，我指定1。

Partition 1is already defined.??Delete it beforere-adding it.

–提示分區(qū)號(hào)1已經(jīng)存在，刪除后操作

Command (m for help): n????????? --我們重新創(chuàng)建分區(qū)

Command action

e?? extended

p?? primary partition (1-4)???? --指定分區(qū)類型

p

Partition number (1-4): 2 ? ? ? ? ---因?yàn)榉謪^(qū)1已經(jīng)存在，所以我們指定分區(qū)2，可通過(guò)。

First cylinder (1025-2610, default 1025): ? ?---指定起始礠柱號(hào)，默認(rèn)是上一分區(qū)后一號(hào)。

Using default value 1025

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1025-2610, default 2610): 2000 指定終止柱號(hào)。

Command (m for help): w?????????????????? ---保存分區(qū)配置

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the nextreboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]#

通過(guò)fdisk命令來(lái)修改現(xiàn)有分區(qū)類型

fdisk?通過(guò)t參數(shù)來(lái)指定

查看分區(qū)類型

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb???查看分區(qū)信息，類型是Linux，id是83

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot????? Start ? ? ? ?End????? Blocks??Id??System

/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? ?1??????? 1024????8225248+??83??Linux

/dev/sdb2 ? ? ? ? 1025 ? ? ? ? 2000 ? ? ? 7839720 ? 83??Linux

修改分區(qū)類型

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problemswith:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): t ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---進(jìn)入修改分區(qū)類型

Partition number (1-4): 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---指定需要修改的分區(qū)號(hào)

Hex code (type L tolist codes): 6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---指定分區(qū)號(hào)為6，也就是FAT16

注意：查看分區(qū)類型的代碼，在這里可以輸入L查看就可以了

Changed system type of partition 1 to 6(FAT16)

Command (m for help): w ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---保存

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the nextreboot.

WARNING: If you have created or modifiedany DOS 6.x

partitions, please see the fdisk manualpage for additional

information.

Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb??????? ---我們看到已經(jīng)FAT16，并且ID也改成6了。

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks??Id? System

/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? ?1 ? ? ? ? ? ? 1024????8225248+??6? FAT16

/dev/sdb2 ? ? ? ? 1025 ? ? ? ? ? ? 2000????7839720?? 83? Linux

[root@localhost ~]#

mkfs對(duì)分區(qū)進(jìn)行格式化：

對(duì)分區(qū)進(jìn)行格式化的命令如下，mkfs后面所接的代表的是將要格式化成的文件系統(tǒng)類型：

mkfs.bfs

mkfs.ext3

mkfs.ext4

mkfs.jfs

mkfs.msdos

mkfs.vfat

mkfs.cramfs

mkfs.minix

mkfs.reiserfs

mkfs.xfs

格式化分區(qū)：

[root@localhost ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1????????? ---格式化分區(qū)類型為ext4

mke4fs 1.41.5(23-Apr-2009)

Filesystem label= ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---我們沒(méi)有指定卷標(biāo)，就沒(méi)有

OS type: Linux ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---操作系統(tǒng)類型

Block size=4096 (log=2) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?--單個(gè)塊的大小

Fragment size=4096 (log=2) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?--片大小

1310720 inodes, 5241198blocks

262059 blocks (5.00%)reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=0

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912,819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

Writing inode tables:done

Creating journal (32768blocks): done

Writing superblocks andfilesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will beautomatically checked every 27 mounts or

180 days, whichever comesfirst.? Use tune4fs -c or -i to override.

mount掛載磁盤：(臨時(shí)掛載)

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir/data???????????? --創(chuàng)建掛載目錄點(diǎn)

[root@localhost ~]# mount? /dev/sdb1 /data? --將/dev/sdb1掛載到/data

驗(yàn)證是否成功掛載

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem??????????? Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

7.7G? 3.1G?4.2G? 43% /

/dev/sda1 ? ? ? ?99M?? 12M??82M ? ?13% ?/boot

tmpfs ? ? ? ? ? 506M ? 0 ? ?506M?? 0% ?dev/shm

/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? 20G?? 16K??20G?? 1% ?/data???? --已經(jīng)成功掛載了。

[root@localhost ~]#

修改fstab表掛載磁盤(永久掛載)

通過(guò)vim編輯器編輯/etc/fstab文件，內(nèi)容如下，(紅色部分是剛添加上去的)：

掛載路徑 ? ?掛載的分區(qū) ? ?文件系統(tǒng)??掛載參數(shù) ? ?是否要備份???自檢順序

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00/ ? ? ? ?ext3??? defaults??????? 1 1

LABEL=/boot ? ? /boo ? ? ? ? ?ext3??? defaults??????? 1 2

tmpfs ? ? ? ? /dev/shm ? ? ? tmpfs ? ?defaults ? ? ? ? ? 0 0

devpts ? ? ? ?/dev/pts ? ? ? devpts? gid=5,mode=620 ? ? ? ?0 0

sysfs ? ? ? ? /sys ? ? ? ? ?sysfs?? defaults ? ? ? ? ? 0 0

proc ? ? ? ? /proc ? ? ? ? ?proc??? defaults??????? 0 0

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01swap ? ? ?swap??? defaults??????? 0 0

/data ? ? ? ?/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ext4 ? ? defaults ? ? ? ? ? 0 0

保存后執(zhí)行命令 mount -a 加載最新配置

第四列掛載參數(shù)：通過(guò)mount來(lái)查看

第五列是否要備份：(0為不備份，1為要備份，一般情況下不用做備份)

第六列自檢程序??(0為不自檢，1或2為要自檢，如果是根分區(qū)要設(shè)置1，其它分區(qū)只能是2)

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