第四章? 實(shí)例管理 4.1 參數(shù)文件 4.1.1 spfile Server parameter file： spfile?? 數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)運(yùn)行過程中自動(dòng)維護(hù)的參數(shù)文件? oracle9i以后新引入的 二進(jìn)制類型的參數(shù)文件，不能直接通過文件編輯軟件編輯參數(shù)，只能通過命令來修改參數(shù) 動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)： alter system set parameter=value (scope=both);? 默認(rèn)的修改范圍：spfile + memory ?????????? alter system set parameter=value scope=memory; ? 靜態(tài)參數(shù)： alter system set parameter=value scope=spfile;??? 修改到spfile ?????????? shutdown immediate ;? startup; 4.1.2 pfile ? Text initialization parameter file： oracle8i 以前使用pfile 僅僅在數(shù)據(jù)庫啟動(dòng)過程中讀取使用該文件 文本類型的參數(shù)文件，可以使用文件編輯軟件編輯參數(shù) ? 動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)： alter system set parameter=value ;?? ××××××默認(rèn)的修改范圍： memory?? 同時(shí)修改參數(shù)文件××××××××× ?????????? alter system set parameter=value scope=memory; ? 靜態(tài)參數(shù)：修改到pfile ?????????? shutdown immediate ;? startup; 4.1.3 參數(shù)文件的使用 使用： ???? window: $ORACLE_HOME/database??? $ORACLE_HOME/dbs ???? UNIX:?? $ORACLE_HOME/dbs ???? spfile和pfile同時(shí)存在，優(yōu)先使用spfile ? ???? startup??? 優(yōu)先使用spfile ???? startup pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/database/initorcl.ora 4.1.4 參數(shù)文件的命名 ? 文件名： ???? spfile: spfileorcl.ora ???? pfile:? initorcl.ora 4.1.5?? pfile和spfile轉(zhuǎn)換 ???? create spfile from pfile; ???? create pfile from spfile; 　　 create spfile=’xxxx’ from pfile=’xxxxx’ 4.1.6 當(dāng)前實(shí)例使用參數(shù)文件 ? 判斷當(dāng)前使用的pfile啟動(dòng)的還是spfile啟動(dòng) ?? show parameter spfile ??? ???? SQL> show parameter spfile??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? NAME???????? TYPE??????? VALUE?????????????????????????????????????????????? ------------ ----------- ------------------------------????????????????????? spfile?????? string????? D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\DATABASE\SPFILEORCL.ORA ? 4.1.7 參數(shù)文件修改 SQL> conn / as sysdba 已連接。 SQL> show parameter spfile ? NAME???????????????????????????????? TYPE??????? VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ spfile?????????????????????????????? string????? D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\ ???????????????????????????????????????????????? DBS\SPFILEORCL.ORA SQL> SQL> show parameter sg ? NAME???????????????????????????????? TYPE??????? VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ lock_sga???????????????????????????? boolean???? FALSE pre_page_sga???????????????????????? boolean???? FALSE sga_max_size???????????????????????? big integer 180M sga_target?????????????????????????? big integer 180M SQL> alter system set sga_target=170m; ? 系統(tǒng)已更改。 ? SQL> show parameter process ? NAME???????????????????????????????? TYPE??????? VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ aq_tm_processes????????????????????? integer???? 0 db_writer_processes????????????????? integer???? 1 gcs_server_processes???????????????? integer???? 0 job_queue_processes????????????????? integer???? 10 log_archive_max_processes??????????? integer???? 2 processes??????????????????????????? integer???? 150 SQL> alter system set processes=180; alter system set processes=180 ???????????????? * 第 1 行出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤: ORA-02095: 無法修改指定的初始化參數(shù) ? ? SQL> alter system set processes=180 scope=memory; alter system set processes=180 scope=memory ???????????????? * 第 1 行出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤: ORA-02095: 無法修改指定的初始化參數(shù) ? ? SQL> alter system set processes=180 scope=spfile; ? 系統(tǒng)已更改。 ? ? ? SQL> create pfile from spfile; ? 文件已創(chuàng)建。 ? SQL> show parameter process ? NAME???????????????????????????????? TYPE??????? VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ aq_tm_processes????????????????????? integer???? 0 db_writer_processes????????????????? integer???? 1 gcs_server_processes???????????????? integer???? 0 job_queue_processes????????????????? integer???? 10 log_archive_max_processes??????????? integer???? 2 processes??????????????????????????? integer???? 150 SQL> SQL> SQL> desc v$parameter ?名稱????????????????????????????????????? 是否為空? 類型 ?----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- ?NUM??????????????????????????????????????????????? NUMBER ?NAME?????????????????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(80) ?TYPE?????????????????????????????????????????????? NUMBER ?VALUE????????????????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(512) ?DISPLAY_VALUE????????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(512) ?ISDEFAULT????????????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(9) ?ISSES_MODIFIABLE?????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(5) ?ISSYS_MODIFIABLE?????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(9) ?ISINSTANCE_MODIFIABLE????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(5) ?ISMODIFIED???????????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(10) ?ISADJUSTED???????????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(5) ?ISDEPRECATED?????????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(5) ?DESCRIPTION??????????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(255) ?UPDATE_COMMENT???????????????????????????????????? VARCHAR2(255) ?HASH?????????????????????????????????????????????? NUMBER

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