學習資料：Python Tkinter 繪圖項目?edu.csdn.net

需要說明的，ttk的很多組件同Tkinter都是相同的，在這種情況下，ttk將覆蓋Tkinter的組件，將采用ttk的特性。--原文如下

And then severalttk widgets (Button, Checkbutton, Entry, Frame, Label, LabelFrame, Menubutton,PanedWindow, Radiobutton, Scale and Scrollbar) will automatically substitutefor the Tk widgets.

使用ttk以后的組件，同windows操作系統(這里是win7系統)的外觀的一致性更高，看起來也會舒服很多。

需要注意的是：

ttk的用法同Tkinter還是相同的，但是有一些屬性ttk不再支持，如 Tkinter 中的fg,bg 在ttk中以不被支持，它是通過style這個對象進行支持的，其它的方面還是變化不大。

下面的例子來源于《Python GUI Programming Cookbook》，自己在原來的基礎上進行了一些改變，并添加了一些注釋。界面圖和源代碼如下所示。

三個主頁面的截圖如下：

各種類型的對話框形式如下：

程序源代碼如下：

#======================

# imports

#======================

import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import ttk

from tkinter import scrolledtext

from tkinter import Menu

from tkinter import Spinbox

from tkinter import messagebox as mBox

#由于tkinter中沒有ToolTip功能，所以自定義這個功能如下

class ToolTip(object):

def __init__(self, widget):

self.widget = widget

self.tipwindow = None

self.id = None

self.x = self.y = 0

def showtip(self, text):

"Display text in tooltip window"

self.text = text

if self.tipwindow or not self.text:

return

x, y, _cx, cy = self.widget.bbox("insert")

x = x + self.widget.winfo_rootx() + 27

y = y + cy + self.widget.winfo_rooty() +27

self.tipwindow = tw = tk.Toplevel(self.widget)

tw.wm_overrideredirect(1)

tw.wm_geometry("+%d+%d" % (x, y))

label = tk.Label(tw, text=self.text, justify=tk.LEFT,

background="#ffffe0", relief=tk.SOLID, borderwidth=1,

font=("tahoma", "8", "normal"))

label.pack(ipadx=1)

def hidetip(self):

tw = self.tipwindow

self.tipwindow = None

if tw:

tw.destroy()

#===================================================================

def createToolTip( widget, text):

toolTip = ToolTip(widget)

def enter(event):

toolTip.showtip(text)

def leave(event):

toolTip.hidetip()

widget.bind('', enter)

widget.bind('', leave)

# Create instance

win = tk.Tk()

# Add a title

win.title("Python 圖形用戶界面")

# Disable resizing the GUI

win.resizable(0,0)

# Tab Control introduced here --------------------------------------

tabControl = ttk.Notebook(win) # Create Tab Control

tab1 = ttk.Frame(tabControl) # Create a tab

tabControl.add(tab1, text='第一頁') # Add the tab

tab2 = ttk.Frame(tabControl) # Add a second tab

tabControl.add(tab2, text='第二頁') # Make second tab visible

tab3 = ttk.Frame(tabControl) # Add a third tab

tabControl.add(tab3, text='第三頁') # Make second tab visible

tabControl.pack(expand=1, fill="both") # Pack to make visible

# ~ Tab Control introduced here -----------------------------------------

#---------------Tab1控件介紹------------------#

# We are creating a container tab3 to hold all other widgets

monty = ttk.LabelFrame(tab1, text='控件示范區1')

monty.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=8, pady=4)

# Modified Button Click Function

def clickMe():

action.configure(text='Hello\n ' + name.get())

action.configure(state='disabled') # Disable the Button Widget

# Changing our Label

ttk.Label(monty, text="輸入文字:").grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='W')

# Adding a Textbox Entry widget

name = tk.StringVar()

nameEntered = ttk.Entry(monty, width=12, textvariable=name)

nameEntered.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky='W')

# Adding a Button

action = ttk.Button(monty,text="點擊之后\n按鈕失效",width=10,command=clickMe)

action.grid(column=2,row=1,rowspan=2,ipady=7)

ttk.Label(monty, text="請選擇一本書:").grid(column=1, row=0,sticky='W')

# Adding a Combobox

book = tk.StringVar()

bookChosen = ttk.Combobox(monty, width=12, textvariable=book)

bookChosen['values'] = ('平凡的世界', '親愛的安德烈','看見','白夜行')

bookChosen.grid(column=1, row=1)

bookChosen.current(0) #設置初始顯示值，值為元組['values']的下標

bookChosen.config(state='readonly') #設為只讀模式

# Spinbox callback

def _spin():

value = spin.get()

#print(value)

scr.insert(tk.INSERT, value + '\n')

def _spin2():

value = spin2.get()

#print(value)

scr.insert(tk.INSERT, value + '\n')

# Adding 2 Spinbox widget using a set of values

spin = Spinbox(monty, from_=10,to=25, width=5, bd=8, command=_spin)

spin.grid(column=0, row=2)

spin2 = Spinbox(monty, values=('Python3入門', 'C語言','C++', 'Java', 'OpenCV'), width=13, bd=3, command=_spin2)

spin2.grid(column=1, row=2,sticky='W')

# Using a scrolled Text control

scrolW = 30; scrolH = 5

scr = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(monty, width=scrolW, height=scrolH, wrap=tk.WORD)

scr.grid(column=0, row=3, sticky='WE', columnspan=3)

# Add Tooltip

createToolTip(spin, '這是一個Spinbox.')

createToolTip(spin2, '這是一個Spinbox.')

createToolTip(action, '這是一個Button.')

createToolTip(nameEntered,'這是一個Entry.')

createToolTip(bookChosen, '這是一個Combobox.')

createToolTip(scr, '這是一個ScrolledText.')

# 一次性控制各控件之間的距離

for child in monty.winfo_children():

child.grid_configure(padx=3,pady=1)

# 單獨控制個別控件之間的距離

action.grid(column=2,row=1,rowspan=2,padx=6)

#---------------Tab1控件介紹------------------#

#---------------Tab2控件介紹------------------#

# We are creating a container tab3 to hold all other widgets -- Tab2

monty2 = ttk.LabelFrame(tab2, text='控件示范區2')

monty2.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=8, pady=4)

# Creating three checkbuttons

chVarDis = tk.IntVar()

check1 = tk.Checkbutton(monty2, text="失效選項", variable=chVarDis, state='disabled')

check1.select()

check1.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=tk.W)

chVarUn = tk.IntVar()

check2 = tk.Checkbutton(monty2, text="遵從內心", variable=chVarUn)

check2.deselect() #Clears (turns off) the checkbutton.

check2.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky=tk.W )

chVarEn = tk.IntVar()

check3 = tk.Checkbutton(monty2, text="屈于現實", variable=chVarEn)

check3.deselect()

check3.grid(column=2, row=0, sticky=tk.W)

# GUI Callback function

def checkCallback(*ignoredArgs):

# only enable one checkbutton

if chVarUn.get(): check3.configure(state='disabled')

else: check3.configure(state='normal')

if chVarEn.get(): check2.configure(state='disabled')

else: check2.configure(state='normal')

# trace the state of the two checkbuttons #？？

chVarUn.trace('w', lambda unused0, unused1, unused2 : checkCallback())

chVarEn.trace('w', lambda unused0, unused1, unused2 : checkCallback())

# Radiobutton list

values = ["富強民主", "文明和諧", "自由平等","公正法治","愛國敬業","誠信友善"]

# Radiobutton callback function

def radCall():

radSel=radVar.get()

if radSel == 0: monty2.configure(text='富強民主')

elif radSel == 1: monty2.configure(text='文明和諧')

elif radSel == 2: monty2.configure(text='自由平等')

elif radSel == 3: monty2.configure(text='公正法治')

elif radSel == 4: monty2.configure(text='愛國敬業')

elif radSel == 5: monty2.configure(text='誠信友善')

# create three Radiobuttons using one variable

radVar = tk.IntVar()

# Selecting a non-existing index value for radVar

radVar.set(99)

# Creating all three Radiobutton widgets within one loop

for col in range(4):

#curRad = 'rad' + str(col)

curRad = tk.Radiobutton(monty2, text=values[col], variable=radVar, value=col, command=radCall)

curRad.grid(column=col, row=6, sticky=tk.W, columnspan=3)

for col in range(4,6):

#curRad = 'rad' + str(col)

curRad = tk.Radiobutton(monty2, text=values[col], variable=radVar, value=col, command=radCall)

curRad.grid(column=col-4, row=7, sticky=tk.W, columnspan=3)

style = ttk.Style()

style.configure("BW.TLabel", font=("Times", "10",'bold'))

ttk.Label(monty2, text=" 社會主義核心價值觀",style="BW.TLabel").grid(column=2, row=7,columnspan=2, sticky=tk.EW)

# Create a container to hold labels

labelsFrame = ttk.LabelFrame(monty2, text=' 嵌套區域 ')

labelsFrame.grid(column=0, row=8,columnspan=4)

# Place labels into the container element - vertically

ttk.Label(labelsFrame, text="你才25歲，你可以成為任何你想成為的人。").grid(column=0, row=0)

ttk.Label(labelsFrame, text="不要在乎一城一池的得失，要執著。").grid(column=0, row=1,sticky=tk.W)

# Add some space around each label

for child in labelsFrame.winfo_children():

child.grid_configure(padx=8,pady=4)

#---------------Tab2控件介紹------------------#

#---------------Tab3控件介紹------------------#

tab3 = tk.Frame(tab3, bg='#AFEEEE')

tab3.pack()

for i in range(2):

canvas = 'canvas' + str(col)

canvas = tk.Canvas(tab3, width=162, height=95, highlightthickness=0, bg='#FFFF00')

canvas.grid(row=i, column=i)

#---------------Tab3控件介紹------------------#

#----------------菜單欄介紹-------------------#

# Exit GUI cleanly

def _quit():

win.quit()

win.destroy()

exit()

# Creating a Menu Bar

menuBar = Menu(win)

win.config(menu=menuBar)

# Add menu items

fileMenu = Menu(menuBar, tearoff=0)

fileMenu.add_command(label="新建")

fileMenu.add_separator()

fileMenu.add_command(label="退出", command=_quit)

menuBar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=fileMenu)

# Display a Message Box

def _msgBox1():

mBox.showinfo('Python Message Info Box', '通知：程序運行正常！')

def _msgBox2():

mBox.showwarning('Python Message Warning Box', '警告：程序出現錯誤，請檢查！')

def _msgBox3():

mBox.showwarning('Python Message Error Box', '錯誤：程序出現嚴重錯誤，請退出！')

def _msgBox4():

answer = mBox.askyesno("Python Message Dual Choice Box", "你喜歡這篇文章嗎？\n您的選擇是：")

if answer == True:

mBox.showinfo('顯示選擇結果', '您選擇了“是”，謝謝參與！')

else:

mBox.showinfo('顯示選擇結果', '您選擇了“否”，謝謝參與！')

# Add another Menu to the Menu Bar and an item

msgMenu = Menu(menuBar, tearoff=0)

msgMenu.add_command(label="通知 Box", command=_msgBox1)

msgMenu.add_command(label="警告 Box", command=_msgBox2)

msgMenu.add_command(label="錯誤 Box", command=_msgBox3)

msgMenu.add_separator()

msgMenu.add_command(label="判斷對話框", command=_msgBox4)

menuBar.add_cascade(label="消息框", menu=msgMenu)

#----------------菜單欄介紹-------------------#

# Change the main windows icon

win.iconbitmap(r'C:\Users\feng\Desktop\研.ico')

# Place cursor into name Entry

nameEntered.focus()

#======================

# Start GUI

#======================

win.mainloop()

總結

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