pxe linux自动安装系统,通过 PXE 自动安装操作系统（1）：部署 PXE Server
PXE(Preboot eXecution Environment) 支持客戶端通過網絡從服務器端下載系統鏡像，并進行安裝。在安裝過程中，可以通過 Kickstart 配置文件實現無人值守安裝，并定制操作系統。
PXE 服務器組件：
DHCP ： 負責分配網絡 IP 地址，并通過 DHCP 包來指定系統啟動文件的。
syslinux： 預啟動程序
TFTP： PXE 客戶端通過 TFTP 獲取啟動文件。
FTP： PXE 客戶端通過 FTP 下載系統鏡像內容。
初始化服務器
為 PXE Server 配置固定 IP 地址；
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?vim?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens192
[sudo]?password?for?it:
[it@pxesvr?~]$?cat?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens192
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens192
UUID=6346f97a-42c5-4fff-ad62-93bdfd90f417
DEVICE=ens192
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=10.10.10.53
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.10.10.1
DNS1=10.10.10.1
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
關閉防火墻；[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?systemctl?stop?firewalld.service
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?systemctl?disable?firewalld.service
Removed?/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed?/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
DHCP
安裝 DHCP 服務器角色；
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?yum?install?dhcp-server?-y
Updating?Subscription?Management?repositories.
Unable?to?read?consumer?identity
This?system?is?not?registered?to?Red?Hat?Subscription?Management.?You?can?use?subscription-manager?to?register.
Last?metadata?expiration?check:?0:12:17?ago?on?Sat?10?Oct?2020?04:06:12?PM?CST.
Dependencies?resolved.
================================================================================================================
Package????????????????????Arch??????????????????Version????????????????????????Repository????????????????Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:
dhcp-server????????????????x86_64????????????????12:4.3.6-30.el8????????????????localREPO????????????????529?k
Transaction?Summary
================================================================================================================
Install??1?Package
...?...?...?...
...?...?...?...
...?...?...?...
配置 DHCP；[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?vim?/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?cat?/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf?|?grep?-v?^#
allow?bootp;
allow?booting;
default-lease-time?600;
max-lease-time?7200;
option?space?pxelinux;
option?pxelinux.magic?code?208?=?string;
option?pxelinux.configfile?code?209?=?text;
option?pxelinux.pathprefix?code?210?=?text;
option?pxelinux.reboottime?code?211?=?unsigned?integer?32;
option?architecture-type?code?93?=?unsigned?integer?16;
subnet?10.10.10.0?netmask?255.255.255.0?{
option?routers?10.10.10.1;
range?10.10.10.100?10.10.10.199;
class?'pxeclients'?{
match?if?substring?(option?vendor-class-identifier,?0,?9)?=?'PXEClient';
next-server?10.10.10.53;?????????#pxe?server?IP
if?option?architecture-type?=?00:07?{
filename?'uefi/BOOTX64.EFI';?????#?UEFI?boot
}?else?{
filename?'/pxelinux.0';??????????#?BIOS?boot
}
}
}
啟動 DHCP 服務，并配置開機啟動；
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?systemctl?enable?--now?dhcpd.service
Created?symlink?/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd.service?→?/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.
syslinux
安裝 syslinux-tftpboot；[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?yum?install?syslinux-tftpboot?-y
Updating?Subscription?Management?repositories.
Unable?to?read?consumer?identity
This?system?is?not?registered?to?Red?Hat?Subscription?Management.?You?can?use?subscription-manager?to?register.
Last?metadata?expiration?check:?1:46:30?ago?on?Mon?12?Oct?2020?11:18:21?AM?CST.
Dependencies?resolved.
================================================================================================================
Package?????????????????????????Arch?????????????????Version?????????????????????Repository???????????????Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:
syslinux-tftpboot???????????????noarch???????????????6.04-1.el8??????????????????localREPO???????????????462?k
Installing?dependencies:
syslinux????????????????????????x86_64???????????????6.04-1.el8??????????????????localREPO???????????????576?k
syslinux-nonlinux???????????????noarch???????????????6.04-1.el8??????????????????localREPO???????????????554?k
Transaction?Summary
================================================================================================================
Install??3?Packages
...?...?...?...
...?...?...?...
...?...?...?...
配置啟動菜單(只有兩個菜單，一個 Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.0，一個是 Boot from local drive(默認選擇))，并在第一個菜單配置啟動系統鏡像所需的文件，以及下載系統鏡像的目錄；
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?mkdir?/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?cp?/os/isolinux/isolinux.cfg?/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?vim?/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?cat?/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default?vesamenu.c32
timeout?600
display?boot.msg
menu?title?Red?Hat?Enterprise?Linux?8.0
#?Do?not?display?the?actual?menu?unless?the?user?presses?a?key.?All?that?is?displayed?is?a?timeout?message.
menu?tabmsg?Press?Tab?for?full?configuration?options?on?menu?items.
menu?separator?#?insert?an?empty?line
menu?separator?#?insert?an?empty?line
label?linux
menu?label?^Install?Red?Hat?Enterprise?Linux?8.0
kernel?vmlinuz
append?initrd=initrd.img?inst.stage2=ftp://10.10.10.53/dvd?quiet
label?local
menu?label?^Boot?from?local?drive
menu?default
localboot?0xffff
[it@pxesvr?~]$
* ?啟動菜單文件 default 你可以通過示例文件修改獲得，也可以自己新建獲得。
復制系統鏡像啟動文件到對應的位置[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?cp?/os/isolinux/{boot.msg,vesamenu.c32}?/tftpboot/
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?cp?/os/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img}?/tftpboot/
TFTP
安裝 TFTP 服務器角色(pxe 客戶端通過 TFTP 獲取啟動文件)；
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?yum?install?tftp-server?-y
Updating?Subscription?Management?repositories.
Unable?to?read?consumer?identity
This?system?is?not?registered?to?Red?Hat?Subscription?Management.?You?can?use?subscription-manager?to?register.
Last?metadata?expiration?check:?0:45:23?ago?on?Mon?12?Oct?2020?08:05:39?AM?CST.
Dependencies?resolved.
================================================================================================================
Package????????????????????Arch??????????????????Version????????????????????Repository????????????????????Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:
tftp-server????????????????x86_64????????????????5.2-24.el8?????????????????localREPO_APP?????????????????50?k
Transaction?Summary
================================================================================================================
Install??1?Package
...?...?...?...
...?...?...?...
...?...?...?...
配置 TFTP 服務器(修改 TFTP 的路徑為 /tftpboot)；[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?vim?/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?cat?/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service
[Unit]
Description=Tftp?Server
Requires=tftp.socket
Documentation=man:in.tftpd
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/in.tftpd?-s?/tftpboot
StandardInput=socket
[Install]
Also=tftp.socket
啟動 TFTP 服務，并配置開機啟動；
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?systemctl?enable?--now?tftp
Created?symlink?/etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket?→?/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
FTP
安裝 FTP 服務器(用于 pxe client 下載系統鏡像文件)；[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?yum?install?vsftpd?-y
Updating?Subscription?Management?repositories.
Unable?to?read?consumer?identity
This?system?is?not?registered?to?Red?Hat?Subscription?Management.?You?can?use?subscription-manager?to?register.
Last?metadata?expiration?check:?0:01:41?ago?on?Sat?10?Oct?2020?04:06:12?PM?CST.
Dependencies?resolved.
================================================================================================================
Package????????????????Arch???????????????????Version??????????????????????Repository?????????????????????Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:
vsftpd?????????????????x86_64?????????????????3.0.3-28.el8?????????????????localREPO_APP?????????????????180?k
Transaction?Summary
================================================================================================================
Install??1?Package
...?...?...?...
...?...?...?...
配置 ftp 服務器，開啟匿名訪問，指定匿名訪問的目錄；
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?vim?/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
[sudo]?password?for?it:
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?grep?-e?anonymous?-e?anon_root?/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf?|?grep?-v?^#
anonymous_enable=YES
anon_root=/var/ftp
啟動 ftp 服務，并配置開機啟動；[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?systemctl?enable?--now?vsftpd.service
Created?symlink?/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service?→?/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
創建 ftp 匿名訪問的目錄目錄，然后復制系統鏡像內容到該目錄；
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?mkdir?/var/ftp/dvd
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?cp?-r?/run/media/it/RHEL-8-0-0-BaseOS-x86_64/*?/var/ftp/dvd/
測試啟動
通過 BIOS(Legacy ) 的方式啟動客戶端主機進行測試
配置支持 UEFI 啟動
配置 UEFI 啟動菜單[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?mkdir?/tftpboot/uefi
[sudo]?password?for?it:
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?cp?-r?/os/EFI/BOOT/*?/tftpboot/uefi/
[it@pxesvr?~]$?vim?/tftpboot/uefi/grub.cfg
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?vim?/tftpboot/uefi/grub.cfg
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?cat?/tftpboot/uefi/grub.cfg
[sudo]?password?for?it:
set?default='1'
function?load_video?{
insmod?efi_gop
insmod?efi_uga
insmod?video_bochs
insmod?video_cirrus
insmod?all_video
}
load_video
set?gfxpayload=keep
insmod?gzio
insmod?part_gpt
insmod?ext2
set?timeout=60
###?END?/etc/grub.d/00_header?###
search?--no-floppy?--set=root?-l?'RHEL-8-0-0-BaseOS-x86_64'
###?BEGIN?/etc/grub.d/10_linux?###
menuentry?'Install?Red?Hat?Enterprise?Linux?8.0'?--class?fedora?--class?gnu-linux?--class?gnu?--class?os?{
linuxefi?vmlinuz?inst.stage2=ftp://10.10.10.53/dvd?quiet
initrdefi?initrd.img
}
menuentry?'Test?this?media?&?install?Red?Hat?Enterprise?Linux?8.0'?--class?fedora?--class?gnu-linux?--class?gnu?--class?os?{
linuxefi?vmlinuz?inst.stage2=ftp://10.10.10.53/dvd?quiet
initrdefi?initrd.img
}
重啟服務
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?systemctl?restart?dhcpd.service
[it@pxesvr?~]$?sudo?systemctl?restart?tftp.socket
測試啟動
通過 UEFI 的方式啟動客戶端主機進行測試。
總結
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