Python中，基本數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型，理解為常見(jiàn)數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型：布爾型、整型、浮點(diǎn)型、字符串、列表、元組、字典、集合，隨語(yǔ)言不同而不同，但是根據(jù)在內(nèi)存中存儲(chǔ)方式的不同，區(qū)分開(kāi)原子類(lèi)型和容器類(lèi)型。

對(duì)象賦值

對(duì)象的賦值都是進(jìn)行(對(duì)象引用傳遞)/(內(nèi)存地址傳遞)/(內(nèi)存引用)，所以當(dāng)一個(gè)對(duì)象改變，另一個(gè)同步改變。

結(jié)合代碼思考

···

will = ["Will", 28, ["Python", "C#", "JavaScript"]] # 元素的數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型有原子類(lèi)型和容器類(lèi)型

wilber = will

print id(will) # will的id

print will

print [id(ele) for ele in will] # will中每個(gè)元素的id

print id(wilber) # wilber的id == will的id

print wilber

will[0] = "Wilber" # 改動(dòng)will中的元素0

will[2].append("CSS") # 改動(dòng)will中的元素2

print id(will) # will的id沒(méi)變

print will

print [id(ele) for ele in will]

print id(wilber) # wilber

print wilber

print [id(ele) for ele in wilber]

···

淺拷貝

淺拷貝對(duì)象是容器類(lèi)型，原子類(lèi)型只有對(duì)象賦值。淺拷貝會(huì)新起一個(gè)對(duì)象，將原容器包含的內(nèi)存地址引用過(guò)去。當(dāng)原容器包含的元素有可變的(即容器對(duì)象)，容器元素的改變也會(huì)引起新拷貝對(duì)象內(nèi)元素的改變。

結(jié)合代碼思考

import copy

will = ["Will", 28, ["Python", "C#", "JavaScript"]]

wilber = copy.copy(will)

print id(will)

print will

print [id(ele) for ele in will]

print id(wilber)

print wilber

print [id(ele) for ele in wilber]

will[0] = "Wilber"

will[2].append("CSS")

print id(will)

print will

print [id(ele) for ele in will]

print id(wilber)

print wilber

print [id(ele) for ele in wilber]

深拷貝

深拷貝對(duì)象也是容器類(lèi)型，原子類(lèi)型只有對(duì)象賦值。深拷貝和淺拷貝一樣，也會(huì)根據(jù)原對(duì)象深拷貝新起一個(gè)對(duì)象，但是會(huì)將元素里面的容器類(lèi)型的新拷貝一份(默認(rèn)深入新拷貝層數(shù)好像是1)，因此原對(duì)象的容器元素改變了，新對(duì)象的容器元素不會(huì)改變。

結(jié)合代碼思考

import copy

will = ["Will", 28, ["Python", "C#", "JavaScript"]]

wilber = copy.deepcopy(will)

print id(will)

print will

print [id(ele) for ele in will]

print id(wilber)

print wilber

print [id(ele) for ele in wilber]

will[0] = "Wilber"

will[2].append("CSS")

print id(will)

print will

print [id(ele) for ele in will]

print id(wilber)

print wilber

print [id(ele) for ele in wilber]

總結(jié)

數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)+算法，需要反復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)+理解+記憶。

總結(jié)

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