C#程序员经常用到的10个实用代码片段
轉(zhuǎn)載地址:http://www.codeceo.com/article/10-csharp-code-spinet.html
如果你是一個(gè)C#程序員,那么本文介紹的10個(gè)C#常用代碼片段一定會(huì)給你帶來(lái)幫助,從底層的資源操作,到上層的UI應(yīng)用,這些代碼也許能給你的開(kāi)發(fā)節(jié)省不少時(shí)間。以下是原文:
1 讀取操作系統(tǒng)和CLR的版本
OperatingSystem os = System.Environment.OSVersion; Console.WriteLine(“Platform: {0}”, os.Platform); Console.WriteLine(“Service Pack: {0}”, os.ServicePack); Console.WriteLine(“Version: {0}”, os.Version); Console.WriteLine(“VersionString: {0}”, os.VersionString); Console.WriteLine(“CLR Version: {0}”, System.Environment.Version);在我的Windows 7系統(tǒng)中,輸出以下信息
Platform: Win32NT Service Pack: Version: 6.1.7600.0 VersionString: Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7600.0 CLR Version: 4.0.21006.12 讀取CPU數(shù)量,內(nèi)存容量
可以通過(guò)Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)提供的接口讀取所需要的信息。
private static UInt32 CountPhysicalProcessors() {ManagementObjectSearcher objects = new ManagementObjectSearcher(“SELECT * FROM Win32_ComputerSystem”);ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get();foreach(ManagementObject obj in coll){return (UInt32)obj[“NumberOfProcessors”];} return 0; } private static UInt64 CountPhysicalMemory() {ManagementObjectSearcher objects =new ManagementObjectSearcher(“SELECT * FROM Win32_PhysicalMemory”);ManagementObjectCollection coll = objects.Get();UInt64 total = 0;foreach (ManagementObject obj in coll){total += (UInt64)obj[“Capacity”];}return total; }請(qǐng)?zhí)砑訉?duì)程序集System.Management的引用,確保代碼可以正確編譯。
Console.WriteLine(“Machine: {0}”, Environment.MachineName); Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (logical): {0}”, Environment.ProcessorCount); Console.WriteLine(“# of processors (physical): {0}” CountPhysicalProcessors()); Console.WriteLine(“RAM installed: {0:N0} bytes”, CountPhysicalMemory()); Console.WriteLine(“Is OS 64-bit? {0}”, Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem); Console.WriteLine(“Is process 64-bit? {0}”, Environment.Is64BitProcess); Console.WriteLine(“Little-endian: {0}”, BitConverter.IsLittleEndian); foreach (Screen screen in System.Windows.Forms.Screen.AllScreens) {Console.WriteLine(“Screen {0}”, screen.DeviceName);Console.WriteLine(“\tPrimary {0}”, screen.Primary);Console.WriteLine(“\tBounds: {0}”, screen.Bounds);Console.WriteLine(“\tWorking Area: {0}”,screen.WorkingArea);Console.WriteLine(“\tBitsPerPixel: {0}”,screen.BitsPerPixel); }3 讀取注冊(cè)表鍵值對(duì)
using (RegistryKey keyRun = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@”Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run”)) {foreach (string valueName in keyRun.GetValueNames()){Console.WriteLine(“Name: {0}\tValue: {1}”, valueName, keyRun.GetValue(valueName));} }請(qǐng)?zhí)砑用臻gMicrosoft.Win32,以確保上面的代碼可以編譯。
4 啟動(dòng),停止Windows服務(wù)
這項(xiàng)API提供的實(shí)用功能常常用來(lái)管理應(yīng)用程序中的服務(wù),而不必到控制面板的管理服務(wù)中進(jìn)行操作。
ServiceController controller = new ServiceController(“e-M-POWER”); controller.Start(); if (controller.CanPauseAndContinue) { controller.Pause(); controller.Continue(); } controller.Stop();.net提供的API中,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)一句話安裝與卸載服務(wù)
if (args[0] == "/i"){ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location });}else if (args[0] == "/u"){ManagedInstallerClass.InstallHelper(new string[] { "/u", Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location });}如代碼所示,給應(yīng)用程序傳入i或u參數(shù),以表示是卸載或是安裝程序。
5 驗(yàn)證程序是否有strong name (P/Invoke)
比如在程序中,為了驗(yàn)證程序集是否有簽名,可調(diào)用如下方法
[DllImport("mscoree.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)] static extern bool StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(string wszFilePath, bool fForceVerification, ref bool pfWasVerified);bool notForced = false; bool verified = StrongNameSignatureVerificationEx(assembly, false, ref notForced); Console.WriteLine("Verified: {0}\nForced: {1}", verified, !notForced);這個(gè)功能常用在軟件保護(hù)方法,可用來(lái)驗(yàn)證簽名的組件。即使你的簽名被人去掉,或是所有程序集的簽名都被去除,只要程序中有這一項(xiàng)調(diào)用代碼,則可以停止程序運(yùn)行。
6 響應(yīng)系統(tǒng)配置項(xiàng)的變更
比如我們鎖定系統(tǒng)后,如果QQ沒(méi)有退出,則它會(huì)顯示了忙碌狀態(tài)。
請(qǐng)?zhí)砑用臻gMicrosoft.Win32,然后對(duì)注冊(cè)下面的事件。
. DisplaySettingsChanged (包含Changing) 顯示設(shè)置
. InstalledFontsChanged 字體變化
. PaletteChanged
. PowerModeChanged 電源狀態(tài)
. SessionEnded (用戶正在登出或是會(huì)話結(jié)束)
. SessionSwitch (變更當(dāng)前用戶)
. TimeChanged 時(shí)間改變
. UserPreferenceChanged (用戶偏號(hào) 包含Changing)
我們的ERP系統(tǒng),會(huì)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)時(shí)間是否改變,如果將時(shí)間調(diào)整后ERP許可文件之外的范圍,會(huì)導(dǎo)致ERP軟件不可用。
7 運(yùn)用Windows7的新特性
Windows7系統(tǒng)引入一些新特性,比如打開(kāi)文件對(duì)話框,狀態(tài)欄可顯示當(dāng)前任務(wù)的進(jìn)度。
Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog ofd = new Microsoft.WindowsAPICodePack.Dialogs.CommonOpenFileDialog(); ofd.AddToMostRecentlyUsedList = true; ofd.IsFolderPicker = true; ofd.AllowNonFileSystemItems = true; ofd.ShowDialog();用這樣的方法打開(kāi)對(duì)話框,與BCL自帶類(lèi)庫(kù)中的OpenFileDialog功能更多一些。不過(guò)只限于Windows 7系統(tǒng)中,所以要調(diào)用這段代碼,還要檢查操作系統(tǒng)的版本要大于6,并且添加對(duì)程序集Windows API Code Pack for Microsoft?.NET Framework的引用,請(qǐng)到這個(gè)地址下載 http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/WindowsAPICodePack
8 檢查程序?qū)?nèi)存的消耗
用下面的方法,可以檢查.NET給程序分配的內(nèi)存數(shù)量
long available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false); Console.WriteLine(“Before allocations: {0:N0}”, available); int allocSize = 40000000; byte[] bigArray = new byte[allocSize]; available = GC.GetTotalMemory(false); Console.WriteLine(“After allocations: {0:N0}”, available);在我的系統(tǒng)中,它運(yùn)行的結(jié)果如下所示
Before allocations: 651,064 After allocations: 40,690,080使用下面的方法,可以檢查當(dāng)前應(yīng)用程序占用的內(nèi)存
Process proc = Process.GetCurrentProcess(); Console.WriteLine(“Process Info: “+Environment.NewLine+ “Private Memory Size: {0:N0}”+Environment.NewLine + “Virtual Memory Size: {1:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + “Working Set Size: {2:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + “Paged Memory Size: {3:N0}” + Environment.NewLine + “Paged System Memory Size: {4:N0}” + Environment.NewLine +“Non-paged System Memory Size: {5:N0}” + Environment.NewLine, proc.PrivateMemorySize64, proc.VirtualMemorySize64, proc.WorkingSet64, proc.PagedMemorySize64, proc.PagedSystemMemorySize64, proc.NonpagedSystemMemorySize64 );9 使用記秒表檢查程序運(yùn)行時(shí)間
如果你擔(dān)憂某些代碼非常耗費(fèi)時(shí)間,可以用StopWatch來(lái)檢查這段代碼消耗的時(shí)間,如下面的代碼所示
System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch timer = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch(); timer.Start(); Decimal total = 0; int limit = 1000000; for (int i = 0; i < limit; ++i) {total = total + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i); } timer.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(“Sum of sqrts: {0}”,total); Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed milliseconds: {0}”, timer.ElapsedMilliseconds); Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed time: {0}”, timer.Elapsed);現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有專(zhuān)門(mén)的工具來(lái)檢測(cè)程序的運(yùn)行時(shí)間,可以細(xì)化到每個(gè)方法,比如dotNetPerformance軟件。
以上面的代碼為例子,您需要直接修改源代碼,如果是用來(lái)測(cè)試程序,則有些不方便。請(qǐng)參考下面的例子。
class AutoStopwatch : System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch, IDisposable {public AutoStopwatch(){ Start();}public void Dispose(){Stop();Console.WriteLine(“Elapsed: {0}”, this.Elapsed);} }借助于using語(yǔ)法,像下面的代碼所示,可以檢查一段代碼的運(yùn)行時(shí)間,并打印在控制臺(tái)上。
using (new AutoStopwatch()) {Decimal total2 = 0;int limit2 = 1000000;for (int i = 0; i < limit2; ++i){total2 = total2 + (Decimal)Math.Sqrt(i);} }10 使用光標(biāo)
當(dāng)程序正在后臺(tái)運(yùn)行保存或是冊(cè)除操作時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)將光標(biāo)狀態(tài)修改為忙碌。可使用下面的技巧。
class AutoWaitCursor : IDisposable { private Control _target; private Cursor _prevCursor = Cursors.Default; public AutoWaitCursor(Control control) {if (control == null){throw new ArgumentNullException(“control”);}_target = control;_prevCursor = _target.Cursor;_target.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor; } public void Dispose() {_target.Cursor = _prevCursor; } }用法如下所示,這個(gè)寫(xiě)法,是為了預(yù)料到程序可能會(huì)拋出異常
using (new AutoWaitCursor(this)) { ... throw new Exception(); }如代碼所示,即使拋出異常,光標(biāo)也可以恢復(fù)到之間的狀態(tài)。
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