＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
char string[10] = "123456789";
char symbol = 'c';

printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
strset(string, symbol);
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
return 0;
}

函數名: strspn
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出現
用 法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
char *string1 = "1234567890";
char *string2 = "123DC8";
int length;

length = strspn(string1, string2);
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length);
return 0;
}

函數名: strstr
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出現
用 法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;

ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
return 0;
}

函數名: strtod
功 能: 將字符串轉換為double型值
用 法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
char input[80], *endptr;
double value;

printf("Enter a floating point number:");
gets(input);
value = strtod(input, &endptr);
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
return 0;
}

函數名: strtok
功 能: 查找由在第二個串中指定的分界符分隔開的單詞
用 法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
char input[16] = "abc,d";
char *p;

/* strtok places a NULL terminator
in front of the token, if found */
p = strtok(input, ",");
if (p) printf("%s\n", p);

/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
as the first parameter returns a pointer
to the character following the token */
p = strtok(NULL, ",");
if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
return 0;
}

函數名: strtol
功 能: 將串轉換為長整數
用 法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
long lnumber;

/* strtol converts string to long integer */
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber);

return 0;
}

函數名: strupr
功 能: 將串中的小寫字母轉換為大寫字母
用 法: char *strupr(char *str);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;

/* converts string to upper case characters */
ptr = strupr(string);
printf("%s\n", ptr);
return 0;
}

函數名: swab
功 能: 交換字節
用 法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
char target[15];

int main(void)
{
swab(source, target, strlen(source));
printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
return 0;
}

函數名: system
功 能: 發出一個DOS命令
用 法: int system(char *command);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
system("dir");
return 0;
}

函數名: tan
功 能: 正切函數
用 法: double tan(double x);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
double result, x;

x = 0.5;
result = tan(x);
printf("The tan of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
return 0;
}

函數名: tanh
功 能: 雙曲正切函數
用 法: double tanh(double x);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
double result, x;

x = 0.5;
result = tanh(x);
printf("The hyperbolic tangent of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
return 0;
}

函數名: tell
功 能: 取文件指針的當前位置
用 法: long tell(int handle);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
int handle;
char msg[] = "Hello world";

if ((handle = open("TEST.$$$", O_CREAT | O_TEXT | O_APPEND)) == -1)
{
perror("Error:");
return 1;
}
write(handle, msg, strlen(msg));
printf("The file pointer is at byte %ld\n", tell(handle));
close(handle);
return 0;
}

函數名: textattr
功 能: 設置文本屬性
用 法: void textattr(int attribute);
程序例:

＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
int i;

clrscr();
for (i=0; i<9; i++)
{
textattr(i + ((i+1) << 4));
cprintf("This is a test\r\n");
}

return 0;
}

函數名: textbackground
功 能: 選擇新的文本背景顏色
用 法: void textbackground(int color);
程序例:

＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
int i, j;

clrscr();
for (i=0; i<9; i++)
{
for (j=0; j<80; j++)
cprintf("C");
cprintf("\r\n");
textcolor(i+1);
textbackground(i);
}

return 0;
}

函數名: textcolor
功 能: 在文本模式中選擇新的字符顏色
用 法: void textcolor(int color);
程序例:
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
int i;

for (i=0; i<15; i++)
{
textcolor(i);
cprintf("Foreground Color\r\n");
}

return 0;
}

函數名: textheight
功 能: 返回以像素為單位的字符串高度
用 法: int far textheight(char far *textstring);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int y = 0;
int i;
char msg[80];

/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}

/* draw some text on the screen */
for (i=1; i<11; i++)
{
/* select the text style, direction, and size */
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, i);

/* create a message string */
sprintf(msg, "Size: %d", i);

/* output the message */
outtextxy(1, y, msg);

/* advance to the next text line */
y += textheight(msg);
}

/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函數名: textmode
功 能: 將屏幕設置成文本模式
用 法: void textmode(int mode);
程序例:

＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
textmode(BW40);
cprintf("ABC");
getch();

textmode(C40);
cprintf("ABC");
getch();

textmode(BW80);
cprintf("ABC");
getch();

textmode(C80);
cprintf("ABC");
getch();

textmode(MONO);
cprintf("ABC");
getch();

return 0;
}

函數名: textwidth
功 能: 返回以像素為單位的字符串寬度
用 法: int far textwidth(char far *textstring);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x = 0, y = 0;
int i;
char msg[80];

/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
}

y = getmaxy() / 2;

settextjustify(LEFT_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
for (i=1; i<11; i++)
{
/* select the text style, direction, and size */
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, i);

/* create a message string */
sprintf(msg, "Size: %d", i);

/* output the message */
outtextxy(x, y, msg);

/* advance to the end of the text */
x += textwidth(msg);
}

/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函數名: time
功 能: 取一天的時間
用 法: logn time(long *tloc);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
time_t t;

t = time(NULL);
printf("The number of seconds since January 1, 1970 is %ld",t);
return 0;
}

函數名: tmpfile
功 能: 以二進制方式打開暫存文件
用 法: FILE *tmpfile(void);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
FILE *tempfp;

tempfp = tmpfile();
if (tempfp)
printf("Temporary file created\n");
else
{
printf("Unable to create temporary file\n");
exit(1);
}

return 0;
}

函數名: tmpnam
功 能: 創建一個唯一的文件名
用 法: char *tmpnam(char *sptr);
程序例:

＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
char name[13];

tmpnam(name);
printf("Temporary name: %s\n", name);
return 0;
}

函數名: tolower
功 能: 把字符轉換成小寫字母
用 法: int tolower(int c);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
int length, i;
char *string = "THIS IS A STRING";

length = strlen(string);
for (i=0; i
{
string[i] = tolower(string[i]);
}
printf("%s\n",string);

return 0;
}

函數名: toupper
功 能: 把字符轉換成大寫字母
用 法: int toupper(int c);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
int length, i;
char *string = "this is a string";

length = strlen(string);
for (i=0; i
{
string[i] = toupper(string[i]);
}

printf("%s\n",string);

return 0;
}

函數名: tzset
功 能: UNIX時間兼容函數
用 法: void tzset(void);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
time_t td;

putenv("TZ=PST8PDT");
tzset();
time(&td);
printf("Current time = %s\n", asctime(localtime(&td)));
return 0;
}

函數名: ultoa
功 能: 轉換一個無符號長整型數為字符串
用 法: char *ultoa(unsigned long value, char *string, int radix);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main( void )
{
unsigned long lnumber = 3123456789L;
char string[25];

ultoa(lnumber,string,10);
printf("string = %s unsigned long = %lu\n",string,lnumber);

return 0;
}

函數名: ungetc
功 能: 把一個字符退回到輸入流中
用 法: int ungetc(char c, FILE *stream);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main( void )
{
int i=0;
char ch;

puts("Input an integer followed by a char:");

/* read chars until non digit or EOF */
while((ch = getchar()) != EOF && isdigit(ch))
i = 10 * i + ch - 48; /* convert ASCII into int value */

/* if non digit char was read, push it back into input buffer */
if (ch != EOF)
ungetc(ch, stdin);

printf("i = %d, next char in buffer = %c\n", i, getchar());
return 0;
}

函數名: ungetch
功 能: 把一個字符退回到鍵盤緩沖區中
用 法: int ungetch(int c);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main( void )
{
int i=0;
char ch;

puts("Input an integer followed by a char:");

/* read chars until non digit or EOF */
while((ch = getche()) != EOF && isdigit(ch))
i = 10 * i + ch - 48; /* convert ASCII into int value */

/* if non digit char was read, push it back into input buffer */
if (ch != EOF)
ungetch(ch);

printf("\n\ni = %d, next char in buffer = %c\n", i, getch());
return 0;
}

函數名: unixtodos
功 能: 把日期和時間轉換成DOS格式
用 法: void unixtodos(long utime, struct date *dateptr,
struct time *timeptr);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

char *month[] = {"---", "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
"Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};

#define SECONDS_PER_DAY 86400L /* the number of seconds in one day */

struct date dt;
struct time tm;

int main(void)
{
unsigned long val;

/* get today's date and time */
getdate(&dt);
gettime(&tm);
printf("today is %d %s %d\n", dt.da_day, month[dt.da_mon], dt.da_year);

/* convert date and time to unix format (number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970 */
val = dostounix(&dt, &tm);
/* subtract 42 days worth of seconds */
val -= (SECONDS_PER_DAY * 42);

/* convert back to dos time and date */
unixtodos(val, &dt, &tm);
printf("42 days ago it was %d %s %d\n",
dt.da_day, month[dt.da_mon], dt.da_year);
return 0;
}

函數名: unlink
功 能: 刪掉一個文件
用 法: int unlink(char *filename);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
FILE *fp = fopen("junk.jnk","w");
int status;

fprintf(fp,"junk");

status = access("junk.jnk",0);
if (status == 0)
printf("File exists\n");
else
printf("File doesn't exist\n");

fclose(fp);
unlink("junk.jnk");
status = access("junk.jnk",0);
if (status == 0)
printf("File exists\n");
else
printf("File doesn't exist\n");

return 0;
}

函數名: unlock
功 能: 解除文件共享鎖
用 法: int unlock(int handle, long offset, long length);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
int handle, status;
long length;

handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat",O_RDONLY,SH_DENYNO,S_IREAD);

if (handle < 0)
{
printf("sopen failed\n");
exit(1);
}

length = filelength(handle);
status = lock(handle,0L,length/2);

if (status == 0)
printf("lock succeeded\n");
else
printf("lock failed\n");

status = unlock(handle,0L,length/2);

if (status == 0)
printf("unlock succeeded\n");
else
printf("unlock failed\n");

close(handle);
return 0;
}

函數名: vfprintf
功 能: 送格式化輸出到一流中
用 法: int vfprintf(FILE *stream, char *format, va_list param);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

FILE *fp;

int vfpf(char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list argptr;
int cnt;

va_start(argptr, fmt);
cnt = vfprintf(fp, fmt, argptr);
va_end(argptr);

return(cnt);
}

int main(void)
{
int inumber = 30;
float fnumber = 90.0;
char string[4] = "abc";

fp = tmpfile();
if (fp == NULL)
{
perror("tmpfile() call");
exit(1);
}

vfpf("%d %f %s", inumber, fnumber, string);
rewind(fp);
fscanf(fp,"%d %f %s", &inumber, &fnumber, string);
printf("%d %f %s\n", inumber, fnumber, string);
fclose(fp);

return 0;
}

函數名: vfscanf
功 能: 從流中執行格式化輸入
用 法: int vfscanf(FILE *stream, char *format, va_list param);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

FILE *fp;

int vfsf(char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list argptr;
int cnt;

va_start(argptr, fmt);
cnt = vfscanf(fp, fmt, argptr);
va_end(argptr);

return(cnt);
}

int main(void)
{
int inumber = 30;
float fnumber = 90.0;
char string[4] = "abc";

fp = tmpfile();
if (fp == NULL)
{
perror("tmpfile() call");
exit(1);
}
fprintf(fp,"%d %f %s\n",inumber,fnumber,string);
rewind(fp);

vfsf("%d %f %s",&inumber,&fnumber,string);
printf("%d %f %s\n",inumber,fnumber,string);
fclose(fp);

return 0;
}

函數名: vprintf
功 能: 送格式化輸出到stdout中
用 法: int vprintf(char *format, va_list param);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int vpf(char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list argptr;
int cnt;

va_start(argptr, format);
cnt = vprintf(fmt, argptr);
va_end(argptr);

return(cnt);
}

int main(void)
{
int inumber = 30;
float fnumber = 90.0;
char *string = "abc";

vpf("%d %f %s\n",inumber,fnumber,string);

return 0;
}

函數名: vscanf
功 能: 從stdin中執行格式化輸入
用 法: int vscanf(char *format, va_list param);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

int vscnf(char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list argptr;
int cnt;

printf("Enter an integer, a float, and a string (e.g. i,f,s,)\n");
va_start(argptr, fmt);
cnt = vscanf(fmt, argptr);
va_end(argptr);

return(cnt);
}

int main(void)
{
int inumber;
float fnumber;
char string[80];

vscnf("%d, %f, %s", &inumber, &fnumber, string);
printf("%d %f %s\n", inumber, fnumber, string);

return 0;
}

函數名: vsprintf
功 能: 送格式化輸出到串中
用 法: int vsprintf(char *string, char *format, va_list param);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

char buffer[80];

int vspf(char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list argptr;
int cnt;

va_start(argptr, fmt);
cnt = vsprintf(buffer, fmt, argptr);
va_end(argptr);

return(cnt);
}

int main(void)
{
int inumber = 30;
float fnumber = 90.0;
char string[4] = "abc";

vspf("%d %f %s", inumber, fnumber, string);
printf("%s\n", buffer);
return 0;
}

函數名: vsscanf
功 能: 從流中執行格式化輸入
用 法: int vsscanf(char *s, char *format, va_list param);
程序例:

＃i nclude
＃i nclude
＃i nclude

char buffer[80] = "30 90.0 abc";

int vssf(char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list argptr;
int cnt;

fflush(stdin);

va_start(argptr, fmt);
cnt = vsscanf(buffer, fmt, argptr);
va_end(argptr);

return(cnt);
}

int main(void)
{
int inumber;
float fnumber;
char string[80];

vssf("%d %f %s", &inumber, &fnumber, string);
printf("%d %f %s\n", inumber, fnumber, string);
return 0;
}

函數名: wherex
功 能: 返回窗口內水平光標位置
用 法: int wherex(void);
程序例:

＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(10,10);
cprintf("Current location is X: %d Y: %d\r\n", wherex(), wherey());
getch();

return 0;
}

函數名: wherey
功 能: 返回窗口內垂直光標位置
用 法: int wherey(void);
程序例:

＃i nclude

int main(void)
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(10,10);
cprintf("Current location is X: %d Y: %d\r\n", wherex(), wherey());
getch();

return 0;
}

函數名: window
功 能: 定義活動文本模式窗口
用 法: void window(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);
程序例: