Model實例,myapp/models.py：

from django.db import modelsclass Blog(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=100)tagline = models.TextField()# On Python 3: def __str__(self):def __unicode__(self):return self.nameclass Author(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=50)email = models.EmailField()# On Python 3: def __str__(self):def __unicode__(self):return self.nameclass Entry(models.Model):blog = models.ForeignKey(Blog)headline = models.CharField(max_length=255)body_text = models.TextField()pub_date = models.DateField()mod_date = models.DateField()authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)n_comments = models.IntegerField()n_pingbacks = models.IntegerField()rating = models.IntegerField()# On Python 3: def __str__(self):def __unicode__(self):return self.headline

類級別權限

默認情況下，superuser可以訪問admin界面的所有Model，但有時候只想讓一些用戶只能訪問一些特定的Model。

可以定制自己的User對象的has_perm()方法：

class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser):...def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):if self.is_superuser:return Trueelif self.can_edit:if perm=='myapp.add_entry':return Trueelse:return Falseelse:return False

?這樣superuser具有全部權限。普通user的can_edit屬性為True時，就具有了創建Entry實例的權限，其余用戶無權限。

也可以定制ModelAdmin的has_add_permission(),has_change_permission(),has_delete_permission()方法：

def has_add_permission(self, request):"""Returns True if the given request has permission to add an object.Can be overridden by the user in subclasses."""opts = self.optscodename = get_permission_codename('add', opts)if request.user.can_edit:return Trueelse:return request.user.has_perm("%s.%s" % (opts.app_label, codename))

字段級別的權限

不同權限的可以編輯不同的內容，可以通過get_readonly_fileds()來添加字段只讀權限。

class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display=(...)search_fields=(...)def get_readonly_fields(self,request,obj=None):if not request.user.is_superuser and not request.user.can_edit:return [f.name for f in self.model._meta.fields]return self.readonly_fields

重寫Model的save行為

可以直接重寫model的save()方法：

from django.db import modelsclass Blog(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=100)tagline = models.TextField()def save(self, *args, **kwargs):do_something()super(Blog, self).save(*args, **kwargs) # Call the "real" save() method.do_something_else()

阻止save()：

from django.db import modelsclass Blog(models.Model):name = models.CharField(max_length=100)tagline = models.TextField()def save(self, *args, **kwargs):if self.name == "Yoko Ono's blog":return # Yoko shall never have her own blog!else:super(Blog, self).save(*args, **kwargs) # Call the "real" save() method.

也可以重寫ModelAdmin的save_model()方法，根據不同的用戶定制不同的save行為：

from django.contrib import adminclass ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):obj.user = request.userobj.save()

其中obj是修改后的對象，當新建一個對象時 change = False, 當修改一個對象時 change = True，可以獲得修改前的對象：

from django.contrib import admin class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):if change:obj_old = self.model.objects.get(pk=obj.pk)else:obj_old = Noneobj.user = request.userobj.save()

不同的用戶顯示不同的數據行，重寫列表頁面返回的查詢集

ModelAdmin提供了一個鉤子程序 —— 它有一個名為queryset()?的方法，該方法可以確定任何列表頁面返回的默認查詢集。

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):def get_queryset(self, request):qs = super(MyModelAdmin, self).get_queryset(request)if request.user.is_superuser:return qsreturn qs.filter(author=request.user)

定制過濾器list_filter

從django.contrib.admin.SimpleListFilter繼承一個子類，提供title和parameter_name屬性，并重寫?lookups和queryset方法。

from datetime import datefrom django.contrib import admin from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _class DecadeBornListFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):# Human-readable title which will be displayed in the# right admin sidebar just above the filter options.title = _('decade born')# Parameter for the filter that will be used in the URL query.parameter_name = 'decade'def lookups(self, request, model_admin):"""Returns a list of tuples. The first element in eachtuple is the coded value for the option that willappear in the URL query. The second element is thehuman-readable name for the option that will appearin the right sidebar."""return (('80s', _('in the eighties')),('90s', _('in the nineties')),)def queryset(self, request, queryset):"""Returns the filtered queryset based on the valueprovided in the query string and retrievable via`self.value()`."""# Compare the requested value (either '80s' or '90s')# to decide how to filter the queryset.if self.value() == '80s':return queryset.filter(birthday__gte=date(1980, 1, 1),birthday__lte=date(1989, 12, 31))if self.value() == '90s':return queryset.filter(birthday__gte=date(1990, 1, 1),birthday__lte=date(1999, 12, 31))class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_filter = (DecadeBornListFilter,)

parameter_name和title是必須的。look_up方法返回出現在列表頁右側過濾器中的選項和描述。parameter_name為附加在url后面get請求的參數名，self.value()返回該參數對應的值。

根據不同的用戶定制：

class AuthDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter):def lookups(self, request, model_admin):if request.user.is_superuser:return super(AuthDecadeBornListFilter,self).lookups(request, model_admin)def queryset(self, request, queryset):if request.user.is_superuser:return super(AuthDecadeBornListFilter,self).queryset(request, queryset)

model_admin為ModelAdmin實例：

class AdvancedDecadeBornListFilter(DecadeBornListFilter):def lookups(self, request, model_admin):"""Only show the lookups if there actually isanyone born in the corresponding decades."""qs = model_admin.get_queryset(request)if qs.filter(birthday__gte=date(1980, 1, 1),birthday__lte=date(1989, 12, 31)).exists():yield ('80s', _('in the eighties'))if qs.filter(birthday__gte=date(1990, 1, 1),birthday__lte=date(1999, 12, 31)).exists():yield ('90s', _('in the nineties'))

定制搜索功能

class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('name', 'age')search_fields = ('name',)def get_search_results(self, request, queryset, search_term):queryset, use_distinct = super(PersonAdmin, self).get_search_results(request, queryset, search_term)try:search_term_as_int = int(search_term)except ValueError:passelse:queryset |= self.model.objects.filter(age=search_term_as_int)return queryset, use_distinct

queryset是查詢集，search_term是搜索詞。

外鍵字段過濾

在添加對象時顯示外鍵選項時，太多的選項不太友好，這時候需要過濾出符合要求的對象供選擇。

class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):def formfield_for_foreignkey(self, db_field, request, **kwargs):if db_field.name == "car":kwargs["queryset"] = Car.objects.filter(owner=request.user)return super(MyModelAdmin, self).formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)

　　

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/linxiyue/p/4075048.html

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