RedHat Enterprise Linux6.4 使用CentOS yum源

2014-03-09 14:51 8676人閱讀 評論(5) 收藏 舉報 分類： Linux Booklet（5）

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[admin@server1?~]$?uname?-a??

Linux?server1?2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64?#1?SMP?Tue?Jan?29?11:47:41?EST?2013?x86_64?x86_64?x86_64?GNU/Linux??

在使用redhat linux的yum來安裝或者更新軟件的時候會提示

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[admin@server1?~]$?sudo?yum?install?gcc??

Loaded?plugins:?product-id,?refresh-packagekit,?security,?subscription-manager??

This?system?is?not?registered?to?Red?Hat?Subscription?Management.?You?can?use?subscription-manager?to?register.??

Setting?up?Install?Process??

No?package?gcc?available.??

Error:?Nothing?to?do??

[注]請以root身份操作

由于 redhat的yum在線更新是收費的，如果沒有注冊的話不能使用，如果要使用，需將redhat的yum卸載后，重啟安裝，再配置其他源
解決辦法：
1、首先到http://mirrors.163.com/centos下載軟件包

x86 地址：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/

x86_64 地址：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/

必要下載的軟件包有（以64位系統為例）：

1> ?Python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm

2> ?yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm

3> ?yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm

4> ?yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

下載命令：

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wget?http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm??

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wget?http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm??

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wget?http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm??

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wget?http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm??

[注] :版本不一定要最新的(http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/ 查找對應版本)
?
2、卸載RedHat自帶的yum

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rpm?-qa?|?grep?yum?|?xargs?rpm?-e?--nodeps??

? ? ? 注：1> ? xargs是一條Unix和類Unix操作系統的常用命令。它的作用是將參數列表轉換成小塊分段傳遞給其他命令，以避免參數列表過長的問題
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?2> ? --nodeps ?強制卸載,不管依賴性
?
3、安裝下載的centos的yum包：
?

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rpm?-ivh?python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm??

rpm?-ivh?yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm??

rpm?-ivh?yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm?yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm??

[注] :最后2個需要一起安裝，否則會出現依賴性錯誤
?
4、到http://mirrors.163.com的 centos幫助文檔 中下載CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件，存放到/etc/yum.repo.d中

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wget?http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo??

?
5、編輯CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件，將其中的$releasever更改為centos的版本號

下面是修改好的：

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#?CentOS-Base.repo??

#??

#?The?mirror?system?uses?the?connecting?IP?address?of?the?client?and?the??

#?update?status?of?each?mirror?to?pick?mirrors?that?are?updated?to?and??

#?geographically?close?to?the?client.??You?should?use?this?for?CentOS?updates??

#?unless?you?are?manually?picking?other?mirrors.??

#??

#?If?the?mirrorlist=?does?not?work?for?you,?as?a?fall?back?you?can?try?the???

#?remarked?out?baseurl=?line?instead.??

#??

#??

??

??

[base]??

name=CentOS-6.5?-?Base?-?163.com??

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/$basearch/??

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=os??

gpgcheck=1??

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6??

??

??

#released?updates???

[updates]??

name=CentOS-6.5?-?Updates?-?163.com??

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/updates/$basearch/??

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=updates??

gpgcheck=1??

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6??

??

??

#additional?packages?that?may?be?useful??

[extras]??

name=CentOS-6.5?-?Extras?-?163.com??

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/extras/$basearch/??

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=extras??

gpgcheck=1??

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6??

??

??

#additional?packages?that?extend?functionality?of?existing?packages??

[centosplus]??

name=CentOS-6.5?-?Plus?-?163.com??

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/centosplus/$basearch/??

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus??

gpgcheck=1??

enabled=0??

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6??

??

??

#contrib?-?packages?by?Centos?Users??

[contrib]??

name=CentOS-6.5?-?Contrib?-?163.com??

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/contrib/$basearch/??

#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib??

gpgcheck=1??

enabled=0??

gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6??

?
6、yum clean all 清除原有緩存
7、yum makecache ?獲取yum列表
出現下面提示，表示yum更改完成：
Metadata Cache Created

腳本：

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#!/bin/bash??

PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin??

export?PATH??

??

#?Check?if?user?is?root??

if?[?$(id?-u)?!=?"0"?];?then??

????echo?"Error:?You?must?be?root?to?run?this?script"??

????exit?1??

fi??

??

clear??

echo?"========================================================================="??

echo?"Replace?Redhat?Enterprise?Yum?to?CentOS?Yum?and?Repos,??Written?by?Licess"??

echo?"========================================================================="??

??

??

??

#?uninstall?rhel?yum??

echo?"Uninstall?Rhel?Yum......"??

rpm?-qa|grep?yum|xargs?rpm?-e?--nodeps??

#?delete?old?rpm??

echo?"Clean?old?cache......"??

rm?-rf?python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm??

rm?-rf?yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm??

rm?-rf?yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm??

rm?-rf?yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm??

??

#?download?CentOS?Yum??

echo?"Download?Python-iniparse......"??

wget?http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.?...?-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm??

??

echo?"Download?yum-metadata-parse......"??

wget??http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.?...?2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm??

??

echo?"Download?yum......"??

wget?http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.?...?6.centos.noarch.rpm??

??

echo?"Download?yum?fastmirror......"??

wget?http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.?...?0-14.el6.noarch.rpm??

??

#?install?CentOS?Yum??

echo?"Installing......"??

rpm?-ivh??python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm??

rpm?-ivh??yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm??

rpm?-ivh??yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm?yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm??

??

#?replace?repos??

rm?-rf?/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo??

echo?"[base]??

name=CentOS-6.5?-?Base?-?163.com??

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/os/x86_64/??

#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=os??

gpgcheck=1??

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6??

??

#released?updates???

[updates]??

name=CentOS-6.5?-?Updates?-?163.com??

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/updates/x86_64/??

#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=updates??

gpgcheck=1??

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6??

??

#additional?packages?that?may?be?useful??

[extras]??

name=CentOS-6.5?-?Extras?-?163.com??

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/extras/x86_64/??

#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=extras??

gpgcheck=1??

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6??

??

#additional?packages?that?extend?functionality?of?existing?packages??

[centosplus]??

name=CentOS-6.5?-?Plus?-?163.com??

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/centosplus/x86_64/??

#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus??

gpgcheck=1??

enabled=0??

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6??

??

#contrib?-?packages?by?Centos?Users??

[contrib]??

name=CentOS-6.5?-?Contrib?-?163.com??

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.5/contrib/x86_64/??

#mirrorlist=http://mirrors.163.com/?release=6.5&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib??

gpgcheck=1??

enabled=0??

gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6"?>>?/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo??

??

#####??

yum?clean?all??

yum?makecache??

yum?update??

??

??

??

echo?"=========================================================================="??

echo?"You?have?successfully?replace?RedhatEnterprise?Yum?to?CentOS?yum?and?repos"??

echo?"=========================================================================="?

總結

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