文件屬性和類型

[[email?protected] ~]# ll -d wzh

d rwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Mar 26 06:27 wzh

目錄 ，權限 硬鏈接數 屬主 屬組 文件大小 創建修改時間文件名

-:普通?件

d:?錄?件

rw- --- --- ：權限

rwx r-x r-x ：權限

r:讀 read

w:寫 write

x:執?權限 execute

-:普通?件

d:directory ?錄?件

c:char 字符設備?件

b:block 塊設備?件(?來存儲數據的設備)

s:socket，安全套接字?件

l:link 軟鏈接?件(快捷?式)

p:pipe 管道?件

注意：通過顏?或者后綴判斷?件類型不?定準確.

系統鏈接文件

?個?件分為兩部分：

真實數據

元數據

block：真實數據占?的空間：19G

inode：元數據占?的空間 ：9G

軟鏈接和硬鏈接

軟鏈接

軟鏈接相當于windows的快捷?式，軟鏈接?件會將 inode 指向源?件的 block

1.那么當我們對?個?件創建多個軟鏈接時，其實就是多個 inode 指向同?個 block 。 2.那么當我們

刪除軟鏈接?件時，其實只是刪除了?個 inode 的指向，并不會對源?件造成影響。 3.如果我們刪除的

是源?件，那么該?件的所有軟鏈接?件都會失效。

2.軟鏈接的應?場景 1)軟件升級 2)代碼發布 3)不?便移動的?錄 4)數據回滾 5)程序讀取

硬鏈接和源文件一樣，刪除了源文件軟鏈接可以操作

#1. 創建命令不同

硬鏈接： ln

軟鏈接： ln -s

#2. ?錄?法創建硬鏈接，可以創建軟鏈接，硬鏈接不能跨系統的分區，軟鏈接可以

#3. 硬鏈接?件與源?件的inode號相同，軟鏈接不同

#4. 軟鏈接如果刪除源?件，所有軟鏈接?件失效，硬鏈接如果刪除源?件，其他硬鏈接?件均可以

硬鏈接：[[email?protected] ~]# ll -i /tmp/ys

33605428 -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Mar 26 06:43 /tmp/ys

[[email?protected] ~]# ll -i 123

33605428 -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Mar 26 06:43 123

軟鏈接

[[email?protected] ~]# ll -i /opt/w

17354516 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 26 06:52 /opt/w -> /root/wyf

[[email?protected] ~]# ll -i wyf

total 0

[[email?protected] ~]# ll -hi wyf

total 0

[[email?protected] ~]# ll -d wyf

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Mar 26 06:52 wyf

[[email?protected] ~]# ll -di wyf

793418 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Mar 26 06:52 wyf

[[email?protected] ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/opt/disk bs=1K count=1024

1024+0 records in

1024+0 records out

1048576 bytes (1.0 MB) copied, 0.00343602 s, 305 MB/s

[[email?protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 -i 1024 /opt/disk

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

/opt/disk is not a block special device.

Proceed anyway? (y,n) y

Filesystem too small for a journal

Discarding device blocks: done

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=1024 (log=0)

Fragment size=1024 (log=0)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1024 inodes, 1024 blocks

51 blocks (4.98%) reserved for the super user

First data block=1

Maximum filesystem blocks=1048576

1 block group

8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group

1024 inodes per group

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[[email?protected] opt]# mkdir data1

[[email?protected] opt]# mount -t ext4 -o loop /opt/disk /data1

[[email?protected] data1]# touch {1000..10000}

touch: cannot touch ‘9963’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9964’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9965’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9966’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9967’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9968’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9969’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9970’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9971’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9972’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9973’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9974’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9975’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9976’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9977’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9978’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9979’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9980’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9981’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9982’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9983’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9984’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9985’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9986’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9987’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9988’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9989’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9990’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9991’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9992’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9993’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9994’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9995’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9996’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9997’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9998’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘9999’: No space left on device

touch: cannot touch ‘10000’: No space left on device

出現這種情況查看磁盤

[[email?protected] data1]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 18G 1.5G 17G 8% /

devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run

tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 1014M 127M 888M 13% /boot

tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0

/dev/loop0 891K 40K 780K 5% /data1

發現磁盤沒滿，再查看inode

[[email?protected] data1]# df -i

Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 9436672 122444 9314228 2% /

devtmpfs 121774 385 121389 1% /dev

tmpfs 124487 1 124486 1% /dev/shm

tmpfs 124487 719 123768 1% /run

tmpfs 124487 16 124471 1% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 524288 326 523962 1% /boot

tmpfs 124487 1 124486 1% /run/user/0

/dev/loop0 1024 1024 0 100% /data1

原來是data1的inode滿了

刪除沒用的空文件

找出占用最多的

[[email?protected] data1]# for i in /*; do echo $i; find $i | wc -l; done

/bin

1

/boot

324

/data1

1015

/dev

387

/etc

2379

/home

22

/lib

1

/lib64

1

/media

1

/mnt

1

/oldboy

42

/oldgirl

34

/opt

90004

/proc

33457

/root

9

/run

719

/sbin

1

/srv

1

/sys

48492

/tmp

19

/usr

29579

/var

4381

/wzhh

12

繼續尋找opt下的

[[email?protected] data1]# for i in /opt/*; do echo $i; find $i | wc -l; done

/opt/data1

90002

/opt/disk

1

刪除opt下大小為0的文件

[[email?protected] data1]# find /opt/* -name "*" -type f -size 0c | xargs -n 1 rm -f

[[email?protected] data1]# ll /opt

total 240

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Mar 26 06:20 data1

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1048576 Mar 26 06:01 disk

再看下

[[email?protected] data1]# df -i

Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 9436672 32443 9404229 1% /

devtmpfs 121774 385 121389 1% /dev

tmpfs 124487 1 124486 1% /dev/shm

tmpfs 124487 719 123768 1% /run

tmpfs 124487 16 124471 1% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 524288 326 523962 1% /boot

tmpfs 124487 1 124486 1% /run/user/0

/dev/loop0 1024 1024 0 100% /data1

發現還是滿的，那就刪除data1下大小為0的文件

[[email?protected] data1]# find /data1/* -name "*" -type f -size 0c | xargs -n 1 rm -f

[[email?protected] data1]# df -i

Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on

/dev/sda3 9436672 32443 9404229 1% /

devtmpfs 121774 385 121389 1% /dev

tmpfs 124487 1 124486 1% /dev/shm

tmpfs 124487 719 123768 1% /run

tmpfs 124487 16 124471 1% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1 524288 326 523962 1% /boot

tmpfs 124487 1 124486 1% /run/user/0

/dev/loop0 1024 11 1013 2% /data1

這樣就好了

原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/zabcd/p/13289356.html

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