解決方式：

alter session set "_ORACLE_SCRIPT"=true; alter session set container=PDBORCL;
原因：

查官方文檔得知“試圖創建一個通用用戶，必需要用C##或者c##開頭”，這時候心里會有疑問，什么是common user？不管先建成功了再說

create C##user test identifed by test;

創建成功

CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一個很亮的新特性,由于他們的引入導致傳統的ORACLE數據庫管理理念不少發生了改變,這里列舉了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式
cdb和pdb關系圖

ORACLE 12C版本

SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? CON_ID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production????????????? 0 PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0 CORE??? 12.1.0.1.0????? Production??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0 TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production??????????????????????????????????????????? 0 NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 0

啟動關閉pdb

SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area? 597098496 bytes Fixed Size????????????????? 2291072 bytes Variable Size???????????? 272632448 bytes Database Buffers????????? 314572800 bytes Redo Buffers??????????????? 7602176 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; ????CON_ID?????? DBID NAME?????????????????????????? OPEN_MODE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ?????????2 4048821679 PDB$SEED?????????????????????? READ ONLY ?????????3 3313918585 PDB1?????????????????????????? MOUNTED ?????????4 3872456618 PDB2?????????????????????????? MOUNTED SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 open; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; ????CON_ID?????? DBID NAME?????????????????????????? OPEN_MODE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ?????????2 4048821679 PDB$SEED?????????????????????? READ ONLY ?????????3 3313918585 PDB1?????????????????????????? READ WRITE ?????????4 3872456618 PDB2?????????????????????????? MOUNTED SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 close; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; ????CON_ID?????? DBID NAME?????????????????????????? OPEN_MODE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ?????????2 4048821679 PDB$SEED?????????????????????? READ ONLY ?????????3 3313918585 PDB1?????????????????????????? MOUNTED ?????????4 3872456618 PDB2?????????????????????????? MOUNTED SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database all open; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; ????CON_ID?????? DBID NAME?????????????????????????? OPEN_MODE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ?????????2 4048821679 PDB$SEED?????????????????????? READ ONLY ?????????3 3313918585 PDB1?????????????????????????? READ WRITE ?????????4 3872456618 PDB2?????????????????????????? READ WRITE SQL> alter PLUGGABLE database all close; Pluggable database altered. SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; ????CON_ID?????? DBID NAME?????????????????????????? OPEN_MODE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ?????????2 4048821679 PDB$SEED?????????????????????? READ ONLY ?????????3 3313918585 PDB1?????????????????????????? MOUNTED ?????????4 3872456618 PDB2?????????????????????????? MOUNTED SQL> alter session set container=pdb1; Session altered. SQL> startup Pluggable Database opened. SQL>? select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; ????CON_ID?????? DBID NAME?????????????????????????? OPEN_MODE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ?????????3 3313918585 PDB1?????????????????????????? READ WRITE

pdb的管理可以在cdb中進行也可以在pdb中進行,如果是cdb中進行,需要PLUGGABLE關鍵字,如果是pdb中直接和普通數據庫一樣

登錄pdb

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:02 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.? All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias???????????????????? LISTENER Version?????????????????? TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production Start Date??????????????? 11-MAY-2013 18:30:54 Uptime??????????????????? 0 days 13 hr. 36 min. 8 sec Trace Level?????????????? off Security????????????????? ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP????????????????????? OFF Listener Parameter File?? /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File???????? /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... ??(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) ??(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521))) ??(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500)) (Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW)) Services Summary... Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). ??Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "cdb" has 1 instance(s). ??Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "cdbXDB" has 1 instance(s). ??Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "pdb1" has 1 instance(s). ??Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "pdb2" has 1 instance(s). ??Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@xifenfei ~]$ tnsping pdb1 TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:09 Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.? All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei) (PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1))) OK (20 msec) [oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:08:02 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.? All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME ------------------------------ PDB1 [oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:09:14 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.? All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options SQL> alter session set container=pdb1; Session altered. SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME ------------------------------ PDB1

pdb可以通過alter session container進入也可以直接通過tns方式登錄

創建用戶

SQL> show con_name; CON_NAME ------------------------------ CDB$ROOT SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; ????CON_ID?????? DBID NAME?????????????????????????? OPEN_MODE ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ?????????2 4048821679 PDB$SEED?????????????????????? READ ONLY ?????????3 3313918585 PDB1?????????????????????????? READ WRITE ?????????4 3872456618 PDB2?????????????????????????? MOUNTED SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei; create user xff identified by xifenfei ????????????* ERROR at line 1: ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name SQL> !oerr ora 65096 65096, 00000, "invalid common user or role name" // *Cause:? An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name //????????? that wass not valid for common users or roles.? In addition to //????????? the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role //????????? names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII //????????? characters. // *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name. // SQL> create user c##xff identified by xifenfei; User created. SQL> SELECT USERNAME,CON_ID,USER_ID FROM CDB_USERS WHERE USERNAME='C##XFF'; USERNAME?????? CON_ID??? USER_ID ---------- ---------- ---------- C##XFF????????????? 1??????? 103 C##XFF????????????? 3??????? 104 SQL> alter session set container=pdb1; Session altered. SQL> show con_name CON_NAME ------------------------------ PDB1 SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei; User created. SQL> create user c##abc identified by xifenfei; create user c##abc identified by xifenfei ????????????* ERROR at line 1: ORA-65094: invalid local user or role name

創建用戶默認的是container=all,在cdb中只能創建全局用戶(c##開頭),會在cdb和所有的pdb中創建該用戶(但是pdb中的全局用戶需要另外授權才能夠在pdb中訪問)。在pdb中只能創建的用戶為本地用戶

用戶授權

SQL> grant connect to c##xff; Grant succeeded. SQL> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='CONNECT' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF'; GRANTEE??????????????????????????? CON_ID ------------------------------ ---------- C##XFF????????????????????????????????? 1 SQL> grant resource to c##xff container=all; Grant succeeded. SQL>? select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='RESOURCE' AND? GRANTEE='C##XFF'; GRANTEE??????????????????????????? CON_ID ------------------------------ ---------- C##XFF????????????????????????????????? 1 C##XFF????????????????????????????????? 3

用戶授權默認情況下是只會給當前container,在cdb中也可以指定container=all,對所有open的pdb且存在該用戶都進行授權

修改參數

SQL> alter system set open_cursors=500 container=all; System altered. SQL> conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdba Connected. SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME???????????????????????????????? TYPE??????? VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ open_cursors???????????????????????? integer???? 500 SQL>? alter system set open_cursors=100; ?alter system set open_cursors=100 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01219: database or pluggable database not open: queries allowed on fixed tables or views only SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> alter system set open_cursors=100; System altered. SQL>? show parameter open_cursors; NAME???????????????????????????????? TYPE??????? VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ open_cursors???????????????????????? integer???? 100 SQL> conn / as sysdba Connected. SQL> show parameter open_cursors; NAME???????????????????????????????? TYPE??????? VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ open_cursors???????????????????????? integer???? 500

這里可以看到在cdb中修改,pdb會繼承進去;如果在pdb中修改會覆蓋pdb從cdb中繼承的參數含義

總結

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