Linux是一個多用戶多任務的操作系統，在使用中可能會有幾個人對服務器有操作，幾個用戶共同使用一個共享磁盤的情況，因為我們的硬盤是有限的，我們需要對用戶的空間進行限制。這里使用磁盤配額，可以很方便的對用戶的空間進行額度限制。

1：加入一塊硬盤，分出一個主分區：

[root@localhost?~]#?fdisk?/dev/sdb

Device?contains?neither?a?valid?DOS?partition?table,?nor?Sun,?SGI?or?OSF?disklabel

Building?a?new?DOS?disklabel?with?disk?identifier?0xa03faa82.

Changes?will?remain?in?memory?only,?until?you?decide?to?write?them.

After?that,?of?course,?the?previous?content?won't?be?recoverable.

Warning:?invalid?flag?0x0000?of?partition?table?4?will?be?corrected?by?w(rite)

WARNING:?DOS-compatible?mode?is?deprecated.?It's?strongly?recommended?to

switch?off?the?mode?(command?'c')?and?change?display?units?to

sectors?(command?'u').

Command?(m?for?help):?n

Command?action

e???extended

p???primary?partition?(1-4)

p

Partition?number?(1-4):?1

First?cylinder?(1-2610,?default?1):

Using?default?value?1

Last?cylinder,?+cylinders?or?+size{K,M,G}?(1-2610,?default?2610):

Using?default?value?2610

Command?(m?for?help):?p

Disk?/dev/sdb:?21.5?GB,?21474836480?bytes

255?heads,?63?sectors/track,?2610?cylinders

Units?=?cylinders?of?16065?*?512?=?8225280?bytes

Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes

I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes

Disk?identifier:?0xa03faa82

Device?Boot??????Start?????????End??????Blocks???Id??System

/dev/sdb1???????????????1????????2610????20964793+??83??Linux

Command?(m?for?help):?w

The?partition?table?has?been?altered!

Calling?ioctl()?to?re-read?partition?table.

Syncing?disks.

2.格式化分區并掛載[root@localhost?~]#?mkfs.ext4?/dev/sdb1[root@localhost?~]#?mkdir?/data???##創建一個用戶共享使用的目錄

[root@localhost?~]#?mount?/dev/sdb1?/data/???##將分區掛載到共享目錄

[root@localhost?~]#?mount????##查看掛載情況

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root?on?/?type?ext4?(rw)

proc?on?/proc?type?proc?(rw)

sysfs?on?/sys?type?sysfs?(rw)

devpts?on?/dev/pts?type?devpts?(rw,gid=5,mode=620)

tmpfs?on?/dev/shm?type?tmpfs?(rw)

/dev/sda1?on?/boot?type?ext4?(rw)

none?on?/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc?type?binfmt_misc?(rw)

/dev/sdb1?on?/data?type?ext4?(rw)

寫入到開機掛載里面[root@localhost?~]#?vi?/etc/fstab

[root@localhost?~]#?tail?-1?/etc/fstab

/dev/sdb1???????????????/data???????????????????ext4????defaults????????0?0

3.重新掛載使文件目錄支持磁盤配額：[root@localhost?~]#?mount?-o?remount,usrquota,grpquota?/dev/sdb1[root@localhost?~]#?mount

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root?on?/?type?ext4?(rw)

proc?on?/proc?type?proc?(rw)

sysfs?on?/sys?type?sysfs?(rw)

devpts?on?/dev/pts?type?devpts?(rw,gid=5,mode=620)

tmpfs?on?/dev/shm?type?tmpfs?(rw)

/dev/sda1?on?/boot?type?ext4?(rw)

none?on?/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc?type?binfmt_misc?(rw)

/dev/sdb1?on?/data?type?ext4?(rw,usrquota,grpquota)???##再次查看分區掛載可以看到支持+磁盤配額

同樣使它開機掛載支持磁盤配額：[root@localhost?~]#?vi?/etc/fstab

[root@localhost?~]#?tail?-1?/etc/fstab

/dev/sdb1???????????????/data???????????????????ext4????defaults,usrquota,grpquota????????0?0

3。下載磁盤配額軟件：[root@localhost?~]#?yum?-y?install?quota

4.生成磁盤配額的數據庫文件：[root@localhost?~]#?quotacheck?-ugvc?/data/

quotacheck:?Your?kernel?probably?supports?journaled?quota?but?you?are?not?using?it.?Consider?switching?to?journaled?quota?to?avoid?running?quotacheck?after?an?unclean?shutdown.

quotacheck:?Scanning?/dev/sdb1?[/data]?done

quotacheck:?Cannot?stat?old?user?quota?file?/data/aquota.user:?沒有那個文件或目錄.?Usage?will?not?be?substracted.

quotacheck:?Cannot?stat?old?group?quota?file?/data/aquota.group:?沒有那個文件或目錄.?Usage?will?not?be?substracted.

quotacheck:?Cannot?stat?old?user?quota?file?/data/aquota.user:?沒有那個文件或目錄.?Usage?will?not?be?substracted.

quotacheck:?Cannot?stat?old?group?quota?file?/data/aquota.group:?沒有那個文件或目錄.?Usage?will?not?be?substracted.

quotacheck:?Checked?2?directories?and?0?files

quotacheck:?Old?file?not?found.

quotacheck:?Old?file?not?found.

查看生成的磁盤配置數據庫文件[root@localhost?~]#?ls?/data/

aquota.group??aquota.user??lost+found

5.新建需要限制的用戶和組：[root@localhost?~]#?useradd?u01???##新建用戶

[root@localhost?~]#?useradd?u02

[root@localhost?~]#?echo?"123123"?|passwd?--stdin?u01

更改用戶?u01?的密碼?。

passwd：?所有的身份驗證令牌已經成功更新。

[root@localhost?~]#?echo?"123123"?|passwd?--stdin?u02

更改用戶?u02?的密碼?。

passwd：?所有的身份驗證令牌已經成功更新。

[root@localhost?~]#?groupadd?g01????##新建組

[root@localhost?~]#?usermod?-g?g01?u01???##將用戶加入組

[root@localhost?~]#?usermod?-g?g01?u02

[root@localhost?~]#?id?u01???##確認用戶信息

uid=500(u01)?gid=502(g01)?組=502(g01)

[root@localhost?~]#?id?u02

uid=501(u02)?gid=502(g01)?組=502(g01)

6.對用戶進行額度配置：

setauota ??-u?用戶 或(-g 組) ?大小軟限制 大小硬限制 ?數量軟限制 ?數量硬限制 ?對哪個目錄

##大小限制的單位是kb，軟限制是當達到這個限制時，再創建文件或導入數據，會出現提示信息，不過還可以再往里面新建。當到達硬限制時，就真的無法創建了。[root@localhost?~]#?setquota?-u?u01?10000?15000?10?15?/data/

7.開啟磁盤配額： ? ?重啟系統也可以[root@localhost?~]#?quotaon?-a

給所有人可寫入權限即可，要在其他用戶新建文件測試[root@localhost?~]#?chmod?777?/data/[root@localhost?~]#?su?-?u01???##切換到u01

[u01@localhost?~]$?touch?/data/{1..20}.mp3?????##新建20個文件

sdb1:?warning,?user?file?quota?exceeded.?????##這個到達軟限制，有提醒

sdb1:?write?failed,?user?file?limit?reached.?????##這個到達硬限制，提示寫入錯誤

touch:?無法創建"/data/16.mp3":?超出磁盤限額

touch:?無法創建"/data/17.mp3":?超出磁盤限額

touch:?無法創建"/data/18.mp3":?超出磁盤限額

touch:?無法創建"/data/19.mp3":?超出磁盤限額

touch:?無法創建"/data/20.mp3":?超出磁盤限額

最后查看目錄，發現創建了15個文件，這個15是硬限制的設置[u01@localhost?~]$?ls?/data/

10.mp3??12.mp3??14.mp3??1.mp3??3.mp3??5.mp3??7.mp3??9.mp3?????????aquota.user

11.mp3??13.mp3??15.mp3??2.mp3??4.mp3??6.mp3??8.mp3??aquota.group??lost+found

[u01@localhost?~]$?exit

logout

給組配置額度：[root@localhost?~]#?setquota?-g?g01?15000?20000?15?20?/data/

切換到u02測試：[root@localhost?~]#?su?-?u02

[u02@localhost?~]$?touch?/data/{1..10}.txt

sdb1:?write?failed,?group?file?limit?reached.

touch:?無法創建"/data/6.txt":?超出磁盤限額

touch:?無法創建"/data/7.txt":?超出磁盤限額

touch:?無法創建"/data/8.txt":?超出磁盤限額

touch:?無法創建"/data/9.txt":?超出磁盤限額

touch:?無法創建"/data/10.txt":?超出磁盤限額

發現只創建了5個文件，就不能再創建了。因為剛才對組進行了限制20個數量的硬限制，而u01、u02都在g01組里面，u01的15個文件已經存在了,所以u02只能創建五個了。[u02@localhost?~]$?ls?/data/

10.mp3??12.mp3??14.mp3??1.mp3??2.mp3??3.mp3??4.mp3??5.mp3??6.mp3??8.mp3??aquota.group??lost+found

11.mp3??13.mp3??15.mp3??1.txt??2.txt??3.txt??4.txt??5.txt??7.mp3??9.mp3??aquota.user

[u02@localhost?~]$?exit

logout

[root@localhost?~]#

總結

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