巴朗ap心理學barrons ap psychology, 5th edition-201-240.pdf

(C)Arousaltheorydescribesmotivationbyreferringtostagesinourresponsestostress(thegeneraladaptationsyndrome).Achievementmotivationisnotusedtodescribemotivationduetostress.(D)Apersonwithalowoptimumlevelofarousalaccordingtoarousaltheorywouldhaveahighachievementmotivation.(E)Arousaltheoryisanolder,outdatedprecursortoachievementmotivationtheory.6.Whichofthefollowingarereasonswhyintrinsicmotivationmightbemoreadvantageousthanextrinsicmotivation?(A)Intrinsicmotivationmightbemoreenduringsinceextrinsicmotivationsareusuallytemporary.(B)Intrinsicmotivationsareeasierandmoreconvenienttoprovide.(C)IntrinsicmotivationsarehigheronMaslow’shierarchyofneeds,sowearemotivatedtomeetthembeforeextrinsicneeds.(D)Intrinsicmotivationsaremorelikelytobeprimarydrives.Extrinsicmotivationsaresecondarydrives.(E)Intrinsicmotivationsaremoreeffectivewithawiderrangeofindividuals.7.WhichsentencemostcloselydescribesthedifferencebetweentheoryXandtheoryYtypesofmanagement?(A)TheoryXmanagersaremoreactiveinworkgroups.TheoryYmanagersaremorehands-off,lettinggroupsworkoutproblemsontheirown.(B)Themanagementtheoriesdifferinregardtowhattaskstheydelegatetoworkers.(C)TheoryYmanagersregardemployeesasintrinsicallymotivated.TheoryXmanagersseethemasextrinsicallymotivated.(D)ManagementtheoryXisdominantincollectivistcultures.TheoryYismoreprentinindividualistcultures.(E)TheoryYisusedwithworkerswhohavehighoptimumlevelsofarousal.TheoryXisusedwiththosewhosearousallevelsarelow.8.WhatdoesSchachter’stwo-factortheorystateabouttherelationshipbetweenemotionandphysiologicalreaction?(A)Emotionsarecausedbyphysiologicalreactions.Forexample,wefeelexcitedbecauseourheartbeginstorace.(B)Physiologicalreactionsarecausedbyemotions.Forexample,ourexperienceoffearcausesourbreathingratetoincrease.(C)Acombinationofphysiologicalreactionsandourcognitiveinterpretationofaneventproducesemotion.(D)Physiologicalreactionsandemotionalresponseoccursimultaneously.(E)Cognitiveemotionsoccurindependentlyofphysiologicalstatesandareunrelated.9.ExcessivetimespentintheresistancephaseofSeyle’sgeneraladaptationsyndromecancontributeto(A)increasedtimeneededtoadapttonewemotionalsituations.(B)decreasedmotivationtopernoveltasks.(C)stress-relateddiseaseslikeulcersorheartconditions.(D)areductioninthedrivetoachievegoals.(E)resistancetolearningskillsneededfornoveltasks.10.Perceivedcontroloverastressfuleventtendstoresultin(A)lessreportedstress.(B)morefrustrationregardingthestressfulevent.(C)moremotivationtosolvethestressfulproblem.(D)increasedarousal.(E)higherheartandrespirationrates.11.Thebalancedphysiologicalstatewearedriventoattainbysatisfyingourneedsiscalled(A)equilibrium.(B)homeostasis.(C)self-actualization.(D)primarysatisfaction.(E)secondarysatisfaction.12.TheGarciaeffectdescribes(A)theincreasedmotivationfeltbyindividualswithhighlevelsofarousal.(B)theincreasedsusceptibilitytoillnessexperiencedintheexhaustionphaseofthestressresponse.(C)classicalconditioningassociatingnauseawithfoodordrink.(D)theeffectofatheoryYmanagementstyle.(E)theeffecttheh

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