linux arm下硬件驱动程序放哪里,Arm-Linux摄像头驱动程序的移植
Arm開發板上攝像頭的移植有兩種方法：第一，將驅動程序添加到內核，通過編譯內核，燒寫到板子上；第二種，通過動態加載攝像頭驅動模塊的方法進行硬件的驅動。作者首先在PC的linux系統進行攝像驅動程序的移植，保證驅動程序版本正確，然后將驅動程序編譯成模塊，通過文件系統掛載到板子，然后進行加載，進而創建攝像頭設備節點。下面將具體介紹攝像頭動態加載的過程。
移植過程所使用的攝像頭型號ZC301P，arm板上的內核版本為2.6.9，開發板為pxa270，所采用的驅動程序包為spca5xx-20060501.tar.gz。
第一步，使用命令解壓文件： tar zxvf spca5xx-20060501.tar.gz
進入spca5xx-20060501 ： cd spca5xx-20060501
第二步，修改Makefile文件：VERSION??? = 00.60.00
Makefile的內容如下，注釋掉的為藍色，紅色表示修改過的內容：
CC????? =arm-linux-gcc
LD????? =arm-linux-ld
CVSVERSION = "$Experimental work Michel Xhaard && Reza Jelveh 03/02/2004"
DEFINES??? =
###
# The following flags enable experimental features.
# By default, these are enabled for development versions of the driver, and
# disabled for release versions.
# Optional: Enable driver debugging
DEFINES?? += -DSPCA50X_ENABLE_DEBUG
# Optional: Enable direct register read/write for PAC207 development
#DEFINES?? += -DSPCA5XX_ENABLE_REGISTERPLAY
###
# The following flags enable features that aren't yet implemented, and
# therefore are disabled by default.
# Optional: Enable compression
DEFINES?? += -DSPCA50X_ENABLE_COMPRESSION
###
# Rest of Makefile follows here. You probably won't need to touch this.
# Setup defines
DEFINES?? += -DCONFIG_USB_SPCA5XX_MODULE=1 -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__
DEFINES?? += -DVID_HARDWARE_SPCA5XX=0xFF -DSPCA5XX_VERSION=\"$(VERSION)\"
ifneq ($(shell uname -r | cut -d. -f1,2), 2.4)
ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)?? # We were called by kbuild
CFLAGS += $(DEFINES)
obj-m += spca5xx.o
spca5xx-objs := drivers/usb/spca5xx.o drivers/usb/spcadecoder.o
else?? # We were called from command line
#KERNEL_VERSION = `uname -r`
KERNEL_VERSION = 2.6.9
#KERNELDIR := /lib/modules/$(KERNEL_VERSION)/build
KERNELDIR := /up-techpxa270/kernel/linux-2.6.9
PWD? := $(shell pwd)
#MODULE_INSTALLDIR = /lib/modules/$(KERNEL_VERSION)/kernel/drivers/usb/media/
MODULE_INSTALLDIR? =/root/modules/
# Targets, don't change!
default:
@echo '?? Building SPCA5XX driver for 2.5/2.6 kernel.'
@echo '?? Remember: you must have read/write access to your kernel source tree.'
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) SUBDIRS=$(PWD) CC=$(CC) modules
install:
mkdir -p $(MODULE_INSTALLDIR)
rm -f $(MODULE_INSTALLDIR)spca50x.ko
rm -f $(MODULE_INSTALLDIR)et61x.ko
install -c -m 0644 spca5xx.ko $(MODULE_INSTALLDIR)
/sbin/depmod -ae
uninstall:
rm -f $(MODULE_INSTALLDIR)/spca5xx.ko
/sbin/depmod -aq
endif
else?? # kernel version test
#############################################################################
# For Linux 2.4 users.
# Change the following lines according to your system configuration.
# It is important to configure your particular source tree ("make dep") before
# compiling this module!
#############################################################################
###
# This makefile will build the spca50x driver module external to the kernel
# source tree. It makes it easier to swap kernels.
#KERNEL_VERSION = `uname -r`
KERNEL_VERSION = 2.4.x
###
# Location of the header files (most importantly the config files)
# for the kernel you want to build the module against.
# This should be correct for the currently installed kernel on your machine.
#KINCLUDE?? = /lib/modules/$(KERNEL_VERSION)/build/include
KINCLUDE??? =/up-techpxa270/kernel/linux2.4.x
KERNEL_ACFILE = $(KINCLUDE)/linux/autoconf.h
KERNEL_MODVERSIONSFILE = $(KINCLUDE)/linux/modversions.h
#MODULE_INSTALLDIR = /lib/modules/$(KERNEL_VERSION)/kernel/drivers/usb/
MODULE_INSTALLDIR =/root/modules/
# Detect module versioning support
ifneq ($(strip $(shell grep 'define CONFIG_MODVERSIONS 1' $(KERNEL_ACFILE))),)
DEFINES += -DMODVERSIONS -include $(KERNEL_MODVERSIONSFILE)
endif
# Detect SMP support
ifneq ($(strip $(shell grep 'define CONFIG_SMP 1' $(KERNEL_ACFILE))),)
DEFINES += -D__SMP__ -DSMP
endif
# Setup the tools
#CC???????? = gcc
#LD???????? = ld
CC????????=arm-linux-gcc
LD??????? =arm-linux-gcc
# Setup compiler warnings
WARNINGS?? = -Wall -Wpointer-arith
WARNINGS? += -Wcast-align -Wwrite-strings -Wstrict-prototypes
WARNINGS? += -Wuninitialized -Wreturn-type -Wunused -Wparentheses
# Setup compiler flags
CFLAGS???? = -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe
CFLAGS??? += -mpreferred-stack-boundary=2
CFLAGS??? += -I$(KINCLUDE) -Idrivers/usb
# Setup link flags
LDFLAGS??? = --strip-debug -r
# Setup the list of files to be included in a distribution
DIST_FILES = CHANGELOG \
README \
Makefile \
drivers/usb/Config.in \
drivers/usb/spcadecoder.c \
drivers/usb/spcadecoder.h \
drivers/usb/spcagamma.h \
drivers/usb/spcaCompat.h \
drivers/usb/spcausb.h \
drivers/usb/spca500_init.h \
drivers/usb/spca501_init.h \
drivers/usb/sp5xxfw2.dat \
drivers/usb/sp5xxfw2.h \
drivers/usb/spca505_init.h \
drivers/usb/spca506.h \
drivers/usb/spca508_init.h \
drivers/usb/spca561.h \
drivers/usb/sonix.h \
drivers/usb/cs2102.h \
drivers/usb/hv7131b.h \
drivers/usb/icm105a.h \
drivers/usb/hv7131c.h \
drivers/usb/hdcs2020.h \
drivers/usb/pb0330.h \
drivers/usb/tas5130c.h \
drivers/usb/zc3xx.h\
drivers/usb/tv8532.h\
drivers/usb/cxlib.h\
drivers/usb/sn9cxxx.h\
drivers/usb/cx11646.h\
drivers/usb/pac207.h\
drivers/usb/spca5xx.c \
drivers/usb/spca5xx.h
OBJS?????? = drivers/usb/spcadecoder.o \
drivers/usb/spca5xx.o
BINARY???? = spca5xx.o
###
# Targets follow here
binary:?$(OBJS)
@echo Linking $(BINARY)
@$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(BINARY) $(OBJS)
install: binary
@echo Installing.. Your root password may be required.
su -c "make install-root"
install-root:
@echo Installing..
@mkdir -p /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/usb
@rm -f /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/usb/spca50x.o
@rm -f /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/usb/et61x.o
@cp spca5xx.o /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/usb/spca5xx.o
@/sbin/depmod
dist:?clean binary
@echo Making distributable archives
@rm -f spca5xx-src-$(VERSION).tar.gz
@tar zcf spca5xx-src-$(VERSION).tar.gz $(DIST_FILES)
@rm -f spca5xx-module-$(VERSION).tar.gz
@cp $(BINARY) spca5xx-$(VERSION).o
@tar zcf spca5xx-module-$(VERSION).tar.gz spca5xx-$(VERSION).o README
@rm spca5xx-$(VERSION).o
.c.o:?Makefile $*.c
@echo Compiling $*.c
@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(WARNINGS) $(DEFINES) -c $*.c -o $*.o
###
# Dependencies follow here
drivers/usb/spca5xx.o: drivers/usb/spca5xx.h \
drivers/usb/spcaCompat.h \
drivers/usb/spcausb.h \
drivers/usb/sonix.h \
drivers/usb/spca500_init.h \
drivers/usb/spca501_init.h \
drivers/usb/sp5xxfw2.h \
drivers/usb/spca505_init.h \
drivers/usb/spca506.h \
drivers/usb/spca508_init.h \
drivers/usb/spca561.h \
drivers/usb/zc3xx.h\
drivers/usb/tv8532.h\
drivers/usb/cx11646.h\
drivers/usb/mr97311.h\
drivers/usb/sn9cxxx.h\
drivers/usb/pac207.h\
drivers/usb/spcadecoder.o: drivers/usb/spcadecoder.h \
drivers/usb/spcagamma.h \
endif? # End kernel version test
##############################################################################
# OTHER TARGETS
##############################################################################
clean:
rm -r -f drivers/usb/*.o drivers/usb/.spcadecoder.o.cmd \
drivers/usb/.spca5xx.o.cmd? *.o *.ko *.mod.* .[a-z]* core *.i
##############################################################################
關于修改Makefile文件做幾點說明：1Makefile文件針對不同內核回編譯成不同的目標文件，該Makefile前部分是針對2.6的內核，后部分針對2.4的內核，用戶根據自己的內核進行修改，我修改的是2.6.9的內核，關于2.4.x是表示2.4的某個版本，只是一個代號，用戶自己根據實際修改。2修改的東西，主要有兩個，一是gcc變成arm-linux-gcc；二是內核路徑，注意這是交叉編譯環境的內核路徑，即arm-linux的內核路徑，非pc上linux系統的內核。3 在Makefile文件修改之后，如果你的arm-linux從未編譯，需要先編譯內核，然后在make。MODULE_INSTALLDIR 這個是你編譯生成的模塊放在哪個路徑，可以不用改，當然為了方便，最好改成你想要的文件夾下，文件夾權限要改成可讀寫的。
第三步： make
編譯成功后，會在模塊MODULE_INSTALLDIR 路徑生成spca5xx.ko,spca5xx.o等目標文件。
第四步：將你的目標文件spca5xx.ko(2.6內核)或者spca5xx.o(2.4內核)掛載到arm開發板上
第五步：在開發板上進入掛載的文件夾下 insmod spca5xx.ko
第六步： 插上攝像頭，測試攝像頭
不出意外情況下，在/dev/下會有video0設備符，或者是/dev/v4l/video0
第七步： cat /dev/video0 > a.jpg 看看是否有文件a.jpg
按 ctrl+C 退出，將a.jpg拷貝到pc linux下通過gqview軟件進行查看，也可以編一個圖像采集小程序，抓取一幀保存成文件，然后到pclinux下進行查看。gqview軟件下得麻煩，我是寫了個小程序，將jpg文件保存下來，到pc linux
下直接看的，很方便。
當然，也有意外，攝像頭驅動加載之后，不能使用攝像頭，下一篇文章將會介紹一個特殊情況。我也是被這個問題卡了一兩天，問了一個技術達人才解決的。前面過程網上很多，我是將過程再細化一些，供初學者參考，共同進步。
總結
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