python列表操作程序_Python入门篇（三）之列表
1、列表定義
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"] #列表存儲，類似數組
2、列表的操作
(1)切片
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"] #列表存儲，類似數組
print(names[1],names[3]) #取值，1、3代表下標，從左到右的位置
執行結果：
Guyun Xuliangchen
print(names[1:3]) #切片,顧頭不顧尾取[1]、[2]的值
print(names[0:3]) #切片
print(names[:3]) #等同于0:3，從下標0到3
print(names[-1]) #切片,取倒數第一個值
print(names[-2]) #取倒數第二個值
print(names[-2:]) #取最后兩個值
(2)增加--append：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后
print(names)
執行結果：
['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 'LeiHaidong']
(3)修改--insert：
names.insert(1,"Chenronghua") #數據插入，插在哪個位置前面就寫這個元素的下標,如插在Guyun前面
names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插在Guyun后面
print(names)
執行結果：
['ZhangYang', 'Chenronghua', 'Guyun', 'Xinzhiyu', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 'LeiHaidong']
(4)查詢--index：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
print(names)
print(names.index("Xiangpeng")) #查出Xiangpeng的位置
print(names[names.index("Xiangpeng")]) #獲取下標內容
執行結果：
['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
2
Xiangpeng
(5)統計--count：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
print("count-->",names.count("ZhangYang"))
執行結果：
count--> 1
(6)反轉--reverse:
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
names.reverse()
print(names)
執行結果：
['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
reverse--> ['Xuliangchen', 'Xiangpeng', 'Guyun', 'ZhangYang']
(7)擴展--extend：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
names2 = [1,2,3,4]
print(names)
names.extend(names2)
print("extend-->",names)
執行結果：
['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
extend--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 1, 2, 3, 4]
(8)排序--sort：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
names.sort()
print(names)
執行結果：
['Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen', 'ZhangYang']
(9)清除--clear：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
names.clear()
print(names)
執行結果：
[]
(10)復制--copy：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
names2 = names.copy()
print(names)
print(names2)
names[1] = "古云" #更改Guyun,可以看到names2中并沒有修改
print("names-->",names)
print("names2-->",names2)
執行結果：
['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
names--> ['ZhangYang', '古云', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
names2--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
(11)列表嵌套復制--copy.deepcopy：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun",["alex","jack"],"Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
names2 = names.copy()
print(names)
print(names2)
names[1] = "古云"
names[2][0] = "ALEX" #更改列表中的alex為ALEX,可以看到names2中也相應更改
print("names-->",names)
print("names2-->",names2)
執行結果：
['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
names--> ['ZhangYang', '古云', ['ALEX', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
names2--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['ALEX', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
★★★★注意：這里的的copy只會拷貝第一層，列表中包含列表，其中列表是指向存放列表的內存地址，所以在更改列表中的元素時，拷貝的部分也會相應地更改。
為了實現深入拷貝，可以導入copy模塊：
import copy
names2 = copy.deepcopy(names)
print(names)
print(names2)
names[1] = "古云"
names[2][0] = "ALEX"
print("names-->",names)
print("names2-->",names2)
執行結果：
['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
names--> ['ZhangYang', '古云', ['ALEX', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
names2--> ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', ['alex', 'jack'], 'Xiangpeng', 'Xuliangchen']
可以看到拷貝是完全克隆過來的，但是生產過程中一般不會使用，拷貝多一份數據，等于多占據了一份內存空間。
(12)for循環列表：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun",["alex","jack"],"Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
for i in names:
print(i)
執行結果：
ZhangYang
Guyun
['alex', 'jack']
Xiangpeng
Xuliangchen
(13)步長切片：
names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun",["alex","jack"],"Xiangpeng","Xuliangchen"]
print(names[0:-1:2]) #打印第一個到最后一個，步長為2
執行結果：
['ZhangYang', ['alex', 'jack']]
3、程序練習
程序：購物車程序
需求:
啟動程序后，讓用戶輸入工資，然后打印商品列表
允許用戶根據商品編號購買商品
用戶選擇商品后，檢測余額是否夠，夠就直接扣款，不夠就提醒
可隨時退出，退出時，打印已購買商品和余額
#!/usr/bin/python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
# Aothr: Kim
goods_list = [
['Iphone',5800],
['Mac pro',9800],
['Bike',800],
['Watch',10600],
['Coffee',31],
['Alex Python',120]
]
shopping_list = [] #此列表為空當做購物車使用
salary = input("Please input your salary:")
if salary.isdigit():
salary = int(salary)
while True:
for index,item in enumerate(goods_list): #enumerate可以取出列表的下標和內容
print(index,item)
user_choice = input("請選擇你需要的商品編號：")
if user_choice.isdigit():
user_choice = int(user_choice)
if user_choice < len(goods_list) and user_choice >= 0: #len可以取出列表的長度
g_item = goods_list[user_choice]
if g_item[1] <= salary:
shopping_list.append(g_item)
salary -= g_item[1]
print("已成功添加商品%s到購物車，當前余額為\033[31;1m%s\033[0m" % (g_item, salary))
else:
print("您的余額為%s，無法購買此商品，請充值！"%salary)
else:
print("您的選擇的商品編號%s有誤，請重新選擇:"%user_choice)
elif user_choice == 'q':
print('------goods list------')
for p in shopping_list:
print(p)
print("您當前余額為%s"%salary)
exit()
else:
print("您的輸入有誤，請輸入正確的商品編號！")
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