计算机网络互联设备功能,计算机网络互联设备简介
一、網(wǎng)卡
v?網(wǎng)絡(luò)適配器,俗稱網(wǎng)卡(NIC,Network Interface
Card 或 Ethernet network card )
§?原理:
??工作在OSI/RM中數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層的設(shè)備
–?是局域網(wǎng)接入設(shè)備,單機與網(wǎng)絡(luò)間架設(shè)的橋梁
§?特征:
??MAC
address:
–?unique 48-bit serial
number(唯一性)
–?stored in ROM carried on the card
–?Every computer on an Ethernet network
must have a card with a unique MAC
address(每張網(wǎng)卡的MAC都是唯一的)
–?由Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE)統(tǒng)一管理和分配
二、集線器
v?network hub(集線器):
??a
device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet
devices together and thus making them act as a single network
segment
§?是一種將多臺計算機或多個網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接起來以之成為一個獨立的網(wǎng)絡(luò)單元的設(shè)備
§?Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1)
of the OSI model
??工作在OSI/RM中的物理層
三、交換機
v?network switch(網(wǎng)絡(luò)交換機):
§?is a computer networking device that
connects network segments
??是網(wǎng)絡(luò)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間連接的設(shè)備
§?說明:
??Network bridge(網(wǎng)橋):
–?processes and routes data at the Data
link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model(工作在數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層)
??Multilayer switches(多層交換機):
–?additionally process data at the Network
layer (layer 3 and above) (工作在網(wǎng)絡(luò)層或以上,能處理數(shù)據(jù))
??能智能地處理數(shù)據(jù)信息,和集線器或轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)器有本
四、路由器
v?Router(路由器):
§?a networking device whose software and
hardware are usually tailored to the tasks of routing and
forwarding information
??路由器有自己的硬件和軟件系統(tǒng),并能智能化地處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)
§?功能:
??連接多個子網(wǎng):Routers connect two or more logical subnets
??“三層交換”:The term "layer 3 switching" is often used
interchangeably with routing, but switch is a general term without
a rigorous technical definition
–?這是路由器比交換機更智能化的標(biāo)志!
五、服務(wù)器
v?Server(服務(wù)器):
§?Any computer or device serving out
applications or services can technically be called a server
??任何可以提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)的計算機或設(shè)備都可以稱之為服務(wù)器
–?包括:
??World
Wide Web
??the
domain name system
??FTP
file transfer
??chat
and instant messaging
??voice
communication
??streaming audio and video
??online gaming
心得體會:網(wǎng)絡(luò)最為20世記的尖端產(chǎn)物,又使21世記人類賴以發(fā)展的重要工具手段,在人們的生活生產(chǎn)上的重要地位越來越明顯。學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為了當(dāng)今大學(xué)生必不可少的必修課程。要學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和應(yīng)用網(wǎng)絡(luò),首先要知道網(wǎng)絡(luò)了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)。所以我認為掌握網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本知識是必須的。
本篇博文我從計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)知識里面選了網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)設(shè)備來做學(xué)習(xí)筆記,學(xué)習(xí)后我知道了,原來上網(wǎng)不是一根線插上電腦就行,還需要如此多的,復(fù)雜的設(shè)備共同完成,不禁感嘆網(wǎng)絡(luò)確實是一個非常神奇的東西,確實是一個偉大的發(fā)明!
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