Oracle的ASM一直不夠透明，但Oracle還是提供了一些工具來訪問ASM磁盤組的，asmcdm就是其中一個(gè)工具,本文將對其進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹。

感覺Oracle的ASM一直很不透明，不過Oracle還是提供了一些工具來訪問ASM磁盤組的，asmcdm就是其中一個(gè)工具。

如果不做任何配置，直接調(diào)用asmcmd，多半會(huì)碰到下面的錯(cuò)誤：

$?asmcmd

ASMCMD-08103:?failed?to?connect?to?ASM;?ASMCMD?running?in?non-connected?mode

要連接ASM，其實(shí)只需要做兩件事情，確保$ORACLE_HOME和$ORACLE_SID的設(shè)置正確既可：

ASMCMD>?exit

$?bash

bash-3.00$?env|grep?ORACLE_

ORACLE_SID=rac11g1

ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.1/database

bash-3.00$?export?ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

bash-3.00$?asmcmd

ASMCMD>?ls

DATA/ASMCMD>?exit

$?bash

bash-3.00$?env|grep?ORACLE_

ORACLE_SID=rac11g1

ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.1/database

bash-3.00$?export?ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

bash-3.00$?asmcmd

ASMCMD>?ls

DATA/

現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成功的連接到ASM磁盤組。

ASMCMD>?help

asmcmd?[-v]?[-a?]?[-p]?[command]

The?environment?variables?ORACLE_HOME?and?ORACLE_SID?determine?the

instance?to?which?the?program?connects,?and?ASMCMD?establishes?a

bequeath?connection?to?it,?in?the?same?manner?as?a?SQLPLUS?/?AS

SYSDBA.?The?user?must?be?a?member?of?the?SYSDBA?group.

Specifying?the?-v?option?prints?the?asmcmd?version?number?and

exits?immediately.

Specify?the?-a?option?to?choose?the?type?of?connection.?There?are

only?two?possibilities:?connecting?as?"sysasm"?or?as?"sysdba".

The?default?value?if?this?option?is?unspecified?is?"sysasm".

Specifying?the?-p?option?allows?the?current?directory?to?be?displayed

in?the?command?prompt,?like?so:

ASMCMD?[+DATAFILE/ORCL/CONTROLFILE]?>

[command]?specifies?one?of?the?following?commands,?along?with?its

parameters.

Type?"help?[command]"?to?get?help?on?a?specific?ASMCMD?command.

commands:

--------

help

cd

cp

du

find

ASMCMD>?du

Used_MB?Mirror_used_MB

2457?2457

ASMCMD>?lsct

DB_Name?Status?Software_Version?Compatible_version?Instance_Name?Disk_Group

ractest?CONNECTED?11.1.0.6.0?11.1.0.0.0?ractest1?DATA

ASMCMD>?lsdg

State?Type?Rebal?Sector?Block?AU?Total_MB?Free_MB?Req_mir_free_MB?Usable_file_MB?Offline_disks?Name

MOUNTED?EXTERN?N?512?4096?1048576?963503?960944?0?960944?0?DATA/

ASMCMD>?lsdsk

Path

/dev/rdsk/emcpower0b

/dev/rdsk/emcpower0e

/dev/rdsk/emcpower0g

使用cp命令將ASM內(nèi)部的文件拷貝到操作系統(tǒng)還是很方便的：

ASMCMD>?cp?spfileractest.ora?/data/spfileractest.ora

source?+DATA/RACTEST/spfileractest.ora

target?/data/spfileractest.ora

copying?file(s)...

file,?/data/spfileractest.ora,?copy?committed.

同樣利用cp也可以將磁盤上面的數(shù)據(jù)文件、備份文件等拷貝到ASM磁盤中

bash-3.00$?rman?target?/

恢復(fù)管理器: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 星期三 9月 3 10:38:17 2008

連接到目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫: RACTEST (DBID=3192712917)

RMAN>?run

2>?{

3>?allocate?channel?c1?device?type?disk?format?'/data/%U';

4>?backup?current?controlfile;

5>?}

使用目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫控制文件替代恢復(fù)目錄分配的通道: c1通道 c1: SID=63 實(shí)例=ractest1 設(shè)備類型=DISK

啟動(dòng) backup 于 03-9月 -08通道 c1: 正在啟動(dòng)全部數(shù)據(jù)文件備份集通道 c1: 正在指定備份集內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)文件備份集內(nèi)包括當(dāng)前控制文件通道 c1: 正在啟動(dòng)段 1 于 03-9月 -08通道 c1: 已完成段 1 于 03-9月 -08段句柄=/data/02jplh5q_1_1 標(biāo)記=TAG20080903T103850 注釋=NONE通道 c1: 備份集已完成, 經(jīng)過時(shí)間:00:00:01完成 backup 于 03-9月 -08釋放的通道: c1

RMAN> quit

恢復(fù)管理器完成。

下面利用asmcmd拷貝這個(gè)生成的備份文件到ASM磁盤組：

ASMCMD>?ls

CONTROLFILE/

DATAFILE/

ONLINELOG/

PARAMETERFILE/

TEMPFILE/

redo01.log

spfileractest.ora

ASMCMD>?mkdir?backup

ASMCMD>?cp?/data/02jplh5q_1_1?+DATA/RACTEST/backup/02jplh5q_1_1

source?/data/02jplh5q_1_1

target?+DATA/RACTEST/backup/02jplh5q_1_1

copying?file(s)...

file,?+DATA/ractest/backup/02jplh5q_1_1,?copy?committed.

不過不是任何文件都可以拷貝到ASM中，比如拷貝數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝的壓縮文件：ASMCMD>?help

asmcmd?[-v]?[-a?]?[-p]?[command]

The?environment?variables?ORACLE_HOME?and?ORACLE_SID?determine?the

instance?to?which?the?program?connects,?and?ASMCMD?establishes?a

bequeath?connection?to?it,?in?the?same?manner?as?a?SQLPLUS?/?AS

SYSDBA.?The?user?must?be?a?member?of?the?SYSDBA?group.

Specifying?the?-v?option?prints?the?asmcmd?version?number?and

exits?immediately.

Specify?the?-a?option?to?choose?the?type?of?connection.?There?are

only?two?possibilities:?connecting?as?"sysasm"?or?as?"sysdba".

The?default?value?if?this?option?is?unspecified?is?"sysasm".

Specifying?the?-p?option?allows?the?current?directory?to?be?displayed

in?the?command?prompt,?like?so:

ASMCMD?[+DATAFILE/ORCL/CONTROLFILE]?>

[command]?specifies?one?of?the?following?commands,?along?with?its

parameters.

Type?"help?[command]"?to?get?help?on?a?specific?ASMCMD?command.

commands:

--------

help

cd

cp

du

find

ASMCMD>?cp?/data/solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip?solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip

source?/data/solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip

target?solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip

ASMCMD-08012:?can?not?determine?file?type?for?file->'/data/solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip'

ORA-15056:?additional?error?message

ORA-17503:?ksfdopn:DGGetFileAttr15?Failed?to?open?file?/data/solaris.sparc64_11gR1_database.zip

ORA-27046:?file?size?is?not?a?multiple?of?logical?block?size

Additional?information:?1

ORA-06512:?at?"SYS.X$DBMS_DISKGROUP",?line?207

ORA-06512:?at?line?3?(DBD?ERROR:?OCIStmtExecute)

錯(cuò)誤信息已經(jīng)很明顯了，Oracle的ASM從設(shè)計(jì)上就不是可以存放任何東西的文件系統(tǒng)，只有Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫相關(guān)的文件，比如數(shù)據(jù)文件、日志文件、控制文件、參數(shù)文件以及備份文件等可以存儲(chǔ)到ASM中。

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