Go實現(xiàn)簡單的RESTful_API

何為RESTful API

A RESTful API is an application program interface (API) that uses HTTP requests to GET, PUT, POST and DELETE data.

A RESTful API – also referred to as a RESTful web service – is based on representational state transfer (REST) technology, an architectural style and approach to communications often used in web services development.

Wikipedia: 表征性狀態(tài)傳輸（英文：Representational State Transfer，簡稱REST）是Roy Fielding博士于2000年在他的博士論文中提出來的一種軟件架構(gòu)風格。
Roy Fielding是HTTP協(xié)議（1.0版和1.1版）的主要設計者，事實上HTTP 1.1規(guī)范正是基于REST架構(gòu)風格的指導原理來設計的。需要注意的是，REST是一種設計風格而不是標準，如果一個架構(gòu)符合REST原則，我們就稱它為RESTful架構(gòu)。

gorilla/mux

golang自帶的http.SeverMux路由實現(xiàn)簡單,本質(zhì)是一個map[string]Handler,是請求路徑與該路徑對應的處理函數(shù)的映射關系。實現(xiàn)簡單功能也比較單一：

不支持正則路由， 這個是比較致命的

只支持路徑匹配，不支持按照Method，header，host等信息匹配，所以也就沒法實現(xiàn)RESTful架構(gòu)

安裝第三方安裝包

go get -u github.com/gorilla/mux

實現(xiàn)

定義結(jié)構(gòu)體，用戶構(gòu)造json

type Person struct {ID string `json:"id,omitemty"`Firstname string `json:"firstname,omitempty"`Lastname string `json:"lastname,omitempty"`Address *Address `json:"address,omitempty"` }type Address struct {City string `json:"city,omitempty"`Province string `json:"province,omitempty"` }

接下來，定義一個全局變量，用于存儲資源(數(shù)據(jù))：

var people []Person

Get

獲取所有person，這里我們叫people：

func GetPeople(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people) }

根據(jù)id獲取person：

func GetPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)for _, item := range people {if item.ID == params["id"] {json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(item)return}}json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people) }

post

同樣可以，通過post操作向服務器添加數(shù)據(jù)：

func PostPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)var person Person_ = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&person)person.ID = params["id"]people = append(people, person)json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people) }

Delete

func DeletePerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)for index, item := range people {if item.ID == params["id"] {people = append(people[:index], people[index+1:]...)break}}json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people) }

完整代碼

package mainimport ("encoding/json""log""net/http""github.com/gorilla/mux" )type Person struct {ID string `json:"id,omitemty"`Firstname string `json:"firstname,omitempty"`Lastname string `json:"lastname,omitempty"`Address *Address `json:"address,omitempty"` }type Address struct {City string `json:"city,omitempty"`Province string `json:"province,omitempty"` }var people []Person // *******************************************************************>> // Get // 獲取所有person func GetPeople(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people) } // 根據(jù)id獲取person func GetPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)for _, item := range people {if item.ID == params["id"] {json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(item)return}}json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people) } // <<******************************************************************* // *******************************************************************>> // Post // 通過post操作向服務器添加數(shù)據(jù) func PostPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)var person Person_ = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&person)person.ID = params["id"]people = append(people, person)json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people) } // <<******************************************************************* // *******************************************************************>> // Delete // 根據(jù)id進行刪除操作 func DeletePerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)for index, item := range people {if item.ID == params["id"] {people = append(people[:index], people[index+1:]...)break}}json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people) } // <<*******************************************************************func main() {people = append(people, Person{ID: "1", Firstname: "xi", Lastname: "dada", Address: &Address{City: "Shenyang", Province: "Liaoning"}})people = append(people, Person{ID: "2", Firstname: "li", Lastname: "xiansheng", Address: &Address{City: "Changchun", Province: "Jinlin"}}) // Get handle function:router := mux.NewRouter()router.HandleFunc("/people", GetPeople).Methods("GET")router.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", GetPerson).Methods("GET") // Post handle functionrouter.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", PostPerson).Methods("POST") // Delete handle function:router.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", DeletePerson).Methods("DELETE") // 啟動 API端口9899log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":9899", router)) }

運行：

go run ***.go

或者編譯成二進制運行

go build ***.go

然后在瀏覽器中測試

http://localhost:9899/people [{"id":"1","firstname":"xi","lastname":"dada","address":{"city":"Shenyang","province":"Liaoning"}},{"id":"2","firstname":"li","lastname":"xiansheng","address":{"city":"Changchun","province":"Jinlin"}} ]

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