內容介紹

網絡編程

歷史上的網絡編程都傾向于困難、復雜，而且極易出錯。

程序員必須掌握與網絡有關的大量細節，有時甚至要對硬件有深刻的認識。一般地，我們需要理解連網協議中不同的“層”(Layer)。而且對于每個連網庫，一般都包含了數量眾多的函數，分別涉及信息塊的連接、打包和拆包；這些塊的來回運輸；以及握手等等。這是一項令人痛苦的工作。

Java最出色的一個地方就是它的“無痛苦連網”概念。有關連網的基層細節已被盡可能地提取出去，并隱藏在JVM以及Java的本機安裝系統里進行控制。我們使用的編程模型是一個文件的模型；事實上，網絡連接(一個“套接字”)已被封裝到系統對象里，所以可象對其他數據流那樣采用同樣的方法調用。除此以外，在我們處理另一個連網問題——同時控制多個網絡連接——的時候，Java內建的多線程機制也是十分方便的。

Network programming

Historically, programming across multiple machines has been error-prone, difficult, and complex.

The programmer had to know many details about the network and sometimes even the hardware. You usually needed to understand the various “layers” of the networking protocol, and there were a lot of different functions in each different networking library concerned with connecting, packing, and unpacking blocks of information; shipping those blocks back and forth; and handshaking. It was a daunting task.

One of Java’s great strengths is painless networking. The Java network library designers have made it quite similar to reading and writing files, except that the “file” exists on a remote machine and the remote machine can decide exactly what it wants to do about the information you’re requesting or sending. As much as possible, the underlying details of networking have been abstracted away and taken care of within the JVM and local machine installation of Java. The programming model you use is that of a file; in fact, you actually wrap the network connection (a “socket”) with stream objects, so you end up using the same method calls as you do with all other streams. In addition, Java’s built-in multithreading is exceptionally handy when dealing with another networking issue: handling multiple connections at once.

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