ORACLE SQL：经典查询练手第三篇
本文使用ORACLE自帶的人力資源(HR)實例數據，本文所用表結構如下：
HR.EMPLOYEES員工表結構如下：
HR.DEPARTMENTS表結構如下：
HR.REGIONS表結構如下：
SQL> DESC HR.REGIONS;
Name??????? Type???????? Nullable Default Comments
----------- ------------ -------- ------- --------
REGION_ID?? NUMBER
REGION_NAME VARCHAR2(25) Y
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
用SQL完成以下問題列表：
1. 讓SELECT TO_CHAR(SALARY,'L99,999.99') FROM HR.EMPLOYEES WHERE? ROWNUM < 5 輸出結果的貨幣單位是￥和$。
2. 列出前五位每個員工的名字，工資、漲薪后的的工資(漲幅為8%)，以“元”為單位進行四舍五入。
3. 找出誰是最高領導，將名字按大寫形式顯示。
4. 找出First_Name 為David，Last_Name為Austin 的直接領導名字。
5. First_Name 為Alexander，Last_Name為Hunold領導誰。(誰向David 報告)。
6. 哪些員工的工資高于他直接上司的工資，列出員工的名字和工資，上司的名字和工資。
7. 哪些員工和Chen(LAST_NAME)同部門。
8. 哪些員工跟De Haan(LAST_NAME)做一樣職位。
9. 哪些員工跟Hall(LAST_NAME)不在同一個部門。
10. 哪些員工跟William(FIRST_NAME)、Smith(LAST_NAME)做不一樣的職位。
11. 顯示有提成的員工的信息：名字、提成、所在部門名稱、所在地區的名稱。
12. 顯示Executive部門有哪些職位。
13. 整個公司中，最高工資和最低工資相差多少。
14. 提成大于0 的人數。
15. 顯示整個公司的最高工資、最低工資、工資總和、平均工資保留到整數位。
16. 整個公司有多少個領導。
17. 列出在同一部門入職日期晚但工資高于其他同事的員工：名字、工資、入職日期。
各試題解答如下(歡迎大家指出不同的方法或建議！)：
/*--------1、改變NLS_LANG 的值，讓SELECT TO_CHAR(SALARY,'L99,999.99') FROM HR.EMPLOYEES WHERE ROWNUM < 5 輸出結果的貨幣單位是￥和$。---------*/
-----在沒有設置NLS_LANG的情況下：
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SALARY,'L99,999.99')
2? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
3? WHERE ROWNUM < 5;
TO_CHAR(SALARY,'L99,999.99')
----------------------------
￥24,000.00
￥20,000.00
￥20,000.00
￥9,000.00
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(SALARY,'$99,999.99')
2? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
3? WHERE ROWNUM < 5;
TO_CHAR(SALARY,'$99,999.99')
----------------------------
$24,000.00
$20,000.00
$20,000.00
$9,000.00
/*--說明：對于'$99,999.99'格式符：
L：表示強制顯示當地貨幣符號
$: 表示顯示美元符號
9: 表示一個數字
0: 表示強制0顯示
.: 表示一個小數點
,: 表示一個千位分隔符
--------------*/
/*--------2、列出前五位每個員工的名字，工資、漲薪后的的工資(漲幅為8%)，以“元”為單位進行四舍五入。---------*/
SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME,SALARY,ROUND(SALARY * 1.08) FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
2? WHERE ROWNUM <=5;
FIRST_NAME?????????????? SALARY ROUND(SALARY*1.08)
-------------------- ---------- ------------------
Steven???????????????? 24000.00????????????? 25920
Neena????????????????? 20000.00????????????? 21600
Lex??????????????????? 20000.00????????????? 21600
Alexander?????????????? 9000.00?????????????? 9720
Bruce?????????????????? 6000.00?????????????? 6480
/*--------3、找出誰是最高領導，將名字按大寫形式顯示。---------*/
SQL> SELECT UPPER(FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME) AS NAME
2? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
3? WHERE MANAGER_ID IS NULL;
NAME
----------------------------------------------
STEVEN KING
/*--------4、找出David 的直接領導的名字。---------*/
SQL> SELECT UPPER(FIRST_NAME ||' ' || LAST_NAME) AS NAME
2? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
3? WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID IN(
4? SELECT MANAGER_ID FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
5? WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'David' AND LAST_NAME = 'Austin');
NAME
----------------------------------------------
ALEXANDER HUNOLD
--或采用以下方法
SQL> SELECT UPPER( EMP1.FIRST_NAME ||' ' ||? EMP1.LAST_NAME) AS NAME
2? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES EMP1,HR.EMPLOYEES EMP2
3? WHERE EMP1.EMPLOYEE_ID = EMP2.MANAGER_ID
4? AND EMP2.FIRST_NAME = 'David' AND EMP2.LAST_NAME =? 'Austin';
NAME
----------------------------------------------
ALEXANDER HUNOLD
/*--------5、First_Name 為Alexander，LAST_NAME為Hunold領導誰。(誰向David 報告)。---------*/
SQL> SELECT UPPER(FIRST_NAME ||' ' || LAST_NAME) AS NAME
2? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
3? WHERE MANAGER_ID IN(
4? SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
5? WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'Alexander' AND LAST_NAME = 'Hunold');
NAME
----------------------------------------------
BRUCE ERNST
DAVID AUSTIN
VALLI PATABALLA
DIANA LORENTZ
--或采用以下方法
SQL> SELECT UPPER( EMP1.FIRST_NAME || ' ' ||? EMP1.LAST_NAME) AS NAME
2? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES EMP1,HR.EMPLOYEES EMP2
3? WHERE EMP1.MANAGER_ID = EMP2.EMPLOYEE_ID
4? AND EMP2.FIRST_NAME = 'Alexander' AND EMP2.LAST_NAME =? 'Hunold';
NAME
----------------------------------------------
BRUCE ERNST
DAVID AUSTIN
VALLI PATABALLA
DIANA LORENTZ
/*--------6、哪些員工的工資高于他直接上司的工資，列出員工的名字和工資，上司的名字和工資。---------*/
SQL> SELECT E.FIRST_NAME,E.SALARY,M.FIRST_NAME,M.SALARY
2? FROM EMPLOYEES E,EMPLOYEES M
3? WHERE E.MANAGER_ID = M.EMPLOYEE_ID AND E.SALARY > M.SALARY;
FIRST_NAME?????????????? SALARY FIRST_NAME?????????????? SALARY
-------------------- ---------- -------------------- ----------
Lisa?????????????????? 11500.00 Gerald???????????????? 11000.00
Ellen????????????????? 11000.00 Eleni????????????????? 10500.00
--要是只列出員工的名字與工資的話，還可以這樣：
SQL> SELECT E.FIRST_NAME,E.SALARY
2? FROM EMPLOYEES E WHERE E.SALARY >
3 (SELECT M.SALARY FROM EMPLOYEES M
4? WHERE E.MANAGER_ID = M.EMPLOYEE_ID);
FIRST_NAME?????????????? SALARY
-------------------- ----------
Lisa?????????????????? 11500.00
Ellen????????????????? 11000.00
/*--------7、哪些員工和Chen(LAST_NAME)同部門。---------*/
SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES
2? WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID IN
3? (SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE LAST_NAME = 'Chen')
4? AND LAST_NAME <> 'Chen';
FIRST_NAME
--------------------
Nancy
Daniel
Ismael
Jose Manuel
Luis
--或者--
SQL> SELECT E1.FIRST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES E1,EMPLOYEES E2
2? WHERE E1.DEPARTMENT_ID = E2.DEPARTMENT_ID
3? AND E2.LAST_NAME = 'Chen' AND E1.LAST_NAME <> 'Chen';
FIRST_NAME
--------------------
Nancy
Daniel
Ismael
Jose Manuel
Luis
/*--------8、哪些員工跟De Haan(LAST_NAME)做一樣職位。---------*/
SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES
2? WHERE JOB_ID IN
3? (SELECT JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
4? WHERE LAST_NAME = 'De Haan')
5? AND LAST_NAME <> 'De Haan';
FIRST_NAME
--------------------
Neena
--或者--
SQL> SELECT E1.FIRST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES E1,EMPLOYEES E2
2? WHERE E1.JOB_ID = E2.JOB_ID
3? AND E2.LAST_NAME = 'De Haan' AND E1.LAST_NAME <> 'De Haan';
FIRST_NAME
--------------------
Neena
/*--------9、哪些員工跟Hall(LAST_NAME)不在同一個部門。---------*/
SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
2? WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID NOT IN(
3? SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
4? WHERE LAST_NAME = 'Hall');
FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Steven King
Neena Kochhar
Lex De Haan
Alexander Hunold
Bruce Ernst
David Austin
Valli Pataballa
Diana Lorentz
Nancy Greenberg
--...初始有72條數據
--或者：
SQL> SELECT e1.FIRST_NAME FROM EMPLOYEES e1,EMPLOYEES e2
2? WHERE e1.DEPARTMENT_ID = e2.DEPARTMENT_ID(+)
3? and e2.LAST_NAME(+) = 'Hall'
4? and e2.LAST_NAME IS NULL;
/*-------10、哪些員工跟William(FIRST_NAME)、Smith(LAST_NAME)做不一樣的職位。--------*/
SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME || ' ' || LAST_NAME FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
2? WHERE JOB_ID <> (SELECT DISTINCT JOB_ID FROM EMPLOYEES
3? WHERE FIRST_NAME = 'William' AND LAST_NAME = 'Smith');
FIRST_NAME||''||LAST_NAME
----------------------------------------------
Steven King
Neena Kochhar
Lex De Haan
Alexander Hunold
----...初始有77條數據
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*--------11、顯示有提成的員工的信息：名字、提成、所在部門名稱、所在地區的名稱。---------*/
SQL> SELECT E.FIRST_NAME || ' ' || E.LAST_NAME AS NAME,
2? E.COMMISSION_PCT,D.DEPARTMENT_NAME,L.CITY
3? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES E,HR.DEPARTMENTS D,HR.LOCATIONS L
4? WHERE E.DEPARTMENT_ID = D.DEPARTMENT_ID
5? AND D.LOCATION_ID = L.LOCATION_ID
6? AND E.COMMISSION_PCT IS NOT NULL;
/*--------12、顯示Executive部門有哪些職位。---------*/
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT E.JOB_ID FROM HR.EMPLOYEES E,HR.DEPARTMENTS D
2? WHERE D.DEPARTMENT_ID = E.DEPARTMENT_ID
3? AND D.DEPARTMENT_NAME = 'Executive';
JOB_ID
----------
AD_PRES
AD_VP
/*--------13、整個公司中，最高工資和最低工資相差多少。---------*/
SQL> SELECT MAX(SALARY) - MIN(SALARY) FROM HR.EMPLOYEES;
MAX(SALARY)-MIN(SALARY)
-----------------------
21900
/*--------14、提成大于0 的人數。---------*/
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) AS 提成大小0的人數 FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
2? WHERE COMMISSION_PCT > 0;
提成大小0的人數
---------------
35
--或者
SQL> SELECT COUNT(COMMISSION_PCT) AS 提成大小0的人數
2?? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
3?? WHERE COMMISSION_PCT > 0;
提成大小0的人數
---------------
35
/*--------15、顯示整個公司的最高工資、最低工資、工資總和、平均工資保留到整數位。---------*/
SQL> SELECT MAX(NVL(SALARY,0)) AS 最高工資,
2?????????? MIN(NVL(SALARY,0)) AS 最低工資,
3?????????? SUM(NVL(SALARY,0)) AS 工資總和,
4?????????? ROUND(AVG(NVL(SALARY,0))) AS 平均工資
5? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES;
最高工資?????? 最低工資?????? 工資總和?????? 平均工資
----------??? ----------????? ----------???? ---------
24000????????? 2100?????????? 698011???????? 6523
/*--------16、整個公司有多少個領導。---------*/
SQL> SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(MANAGER_ID))? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES
2? WHERE MANAGER_ID IS NOT NULL;
COUNT(DISTINCT(MANAGER_ID))
---------------------------
18
/*--------17、列出在同一部門入職日期晚但工資高于其他同事的員工：
名字、工資、入職日期。---------*/
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT E1.FIRST_NAME || ' ' || E1.LAST_NAME AS 姓名,
2???????? E1.SALARY AS 工資,E1.HIRE_DATE AS 入職日期
3? FROM HR.EMPLOYEES E1,HR.EMPLOYEES E2
4? WHERE E1.DEPARTMENT_ID = E2.DEPARTMENT_ID
5? AND E1.HIRE_DATE > E2.HIRE_DATE
6? AND E1.SALARY > E2.SALARY
7? ORDER BY 工資 DESC;
姓名?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 工資 入職日期
---------------------------------------------- ---------- -----------
John Russell???????????????????????????????????? 14000.00 1996-10-1
Karen Partners?????????????????????????????????? 13500.00 1997-1-5
Alberto Errazuriz??????????????????????????????? 12000.00 1997-3-10
Nancy Greenberg????????????????????????????????? 12000.00 1994-8-17
Lisa Ozer??????????????????????????????????????? 11500.00 1997-3-11
Ellen Abel?????????????????????????????????????? 11000.00 1996-5-11
Gerald Cambrault???????????????????????????????? 11000.00 1999-10-15
Clara Vishney??????????????????????????????????? 10500.00 1997-11-11
Eleni Zlotkey??????????????????????????????????? 10500.00 2000-1-29
Harrison Bloom?????????????????????????????????? 10000.00 1998-3-23
Peter Tucker???????????????????????????????????? 10000.00 1997-1-30
Tayler Fox??????????????????????????????????????? 9600.00 1998-1-24
Danielle Greene?????????????????????????????????? 9500.00 1999-3-19
David Bernstein?????????????????????????????????? 9500.00 1997-3-24
Peter Hall??????????????????????????????????????? 9000.00 1997-8-20
Alyssa Hutton???????????????????????????????????? 8800.00 1997-3-19
Jonathon Taylor?????????????????????????????????? 8600.00 1998-3-24
Adam Fripp??????????????????????????????????????? 8200.00 1997-4-10
Christopher Olsen???????????????????????????????? 8000.00 1998-3-30
Jack Livingston?????????????????????????????????? 8000.00 1998-4-23
Matthew Weiss???????????????????????????????????? 8000.00 1996-7-18
Jose Manuel Urman???????????????????????????????? 7800.00 1998-3-7
Nanette Cambrault???????????????????????????????? 7500.00 1998-12-9
William Smith???????????????????????????????????? 7400.00 1999-2-23
Elizabeth Bates?????????????????????????????????? 7300.00 1999-3-24
Charles Johnson?????????????????????????????????? 7211.00 2000-1-4
Mattea Marvins??????????????????????????????????? 7200.00 2000-1-24
Shanta Vollman??????????????????????????????????? 6500.00 1997-10-10
Kevin Mourgos???????????????????????????????????? 5800.00 1999-11-16
Nandita Sarchand????????????????????????????????? 4200.00 1996-1-27
Alexis Bull?????????????????????????????????????? 4100.00 1997-2-20
Sarah Bell??????????????????????????????????????? 4000.00 1996-2-4
Britney Everett?????????????????????????????????? 3900.00 1997-3-3
Kelly Chung?????????????????????????????????????? 3800.00 1997-6-14
Jennifer Dilly??????????????????????????????????? 3600.00 1997-8-13
Julia Dellinger?????????????????????????????????? 3400.00 1998-6-24
Laura Bissot????????????????????????????????????? 3300.00 1997-8-20
Julia Nayer?????????????????????????????????????? 3200.00 1997-7-16
Samuel McCain???????????????????????????????????? 3200.00 1998-7-1
Stephen Stiles??????????????????????????????????? 3200.00 1997-10-26
Winston Taylor??????????????????????????????????? 3200.00 1998-1-24
Alana Walsh?????????????????????????????????????? 3100.00 1998-4-24
Jean Fleaur?????????????????????????????????????? 3100.00 1998-2-23
Anthony Cabrio??????????????????????????????????? 3000.00 1999-2-7
Kevin Feeney????????????????????????????????????? 3000.00 1998-5-23
Michael Rogers??????????????????????????????????? 2900.00 1998-8-26
Shelli Baida????????????????????????????????????? 2900.00 1997-12-24
Timothy Gates???????????????????????????????????? 2900.00 1998-7-11
Girard Geoni????????????????????????????????????? 2800.00 2000-2-3
Mozhe Atkinson??????????????????????????????????? 2800.00 1997-10-30
Vance Jones?????????????????????????????????????? 2800.00 1999-3-17
Irene Mikkilineni???????????????????????????????? 2700.00 1998-9-28
John Seo????????????????????????????????????????? 2700.00 1998-2-12
Donald OConnell?????????????????????????????????? 2600.00 1999-6-21
Douglas Grant???????????????????????????????????? 2600.00 2000-1-13
Randall Matos???????????????????????????????????? 2600.00 1998-3-15
Martha Sullivan?????????????????????????????????? 2500.00 1999-6-21
Randall Perkins?????????????????????????????????? 2500.00 1999-12-19
Ki Gee??????????????????????????????????????????? 2400.00 1999-12-12
Hazel Philtanker????????????????????????????????? 2200.00 2000-2-6
Steven Markle???????????????????????????????????? 2200.00 2000-3-8
61 rows selected
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