expdp數(shù)據(jù)泵

優(yōu)點：支持并發(fā)多線程方式，可以遠(yuǎn)程導(dǎo)出,性能顯著提高，可開并行parallel=n，比exp/imp實用工具相比，導(dǎo)出提高了10倍左右，導(dǎo)入提高了5倍左右。能根據(jù)備份時收集的元數(shù)據(jù)，自動創(chuàng)建用戶、表對象，支持作業(yè)、表空間備份方式。

缺點：需要在服務(wù)器上面執(zhí)行創(chuàng)建目錄授權(quán)，expdp、exp都支持遠(yuǎn)程本地導(dǎo)出。

(exp不支持字段類型，BINARY_DOUBLE雙精度二進(jìn)制浮點類型number類型和浮點類型區(qū)別“number 十進(jìn)制,BINARY_DOUBLE二進(jìn)制(比number效率高,速度快,占用空間小的優(yōu)點.但版本兼容性不好)”)

(expdp不支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)鏈來加載long"保存文本類型"列，exp支持long的導(dǎo)出導(dǎo)入)

當(dāng)出現(xiàn)”DB所在空間不足需要跨機器導(dǎo)出備份/恢復(fù)"時，需要用到expdp的遠(yuǎn)程導(dǎo)出，實現(xiàn)：只要在本地數(shù)據(jù)庫 執(zhí)行創(chuàng)建public link和dir及給對應(yīng)的權(quán)限就可以將遠(yuǎn)程DB導(dǎo)出到本地路徑。

具體實驗如下，所有操作都在本地

SQL> create user test identified by test;

SQL> grant dba to test;

-->創(chuàng)建目錄

SQL> create directory dump_dir AS 'E:\dump_dir';

SQL> select? DIRECTORY_NAME,DIRECTORY_PATH from dba_directories where directory_name='DUMP_DIR';

OWNER????DIRECTORY_NAME???DIRECTORY_PATH

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SYS?????DUMP_DIR????E:\dump_dir

-->創(chuàng)建DBLINK

SQL>? createpublicdatabase link kfdb7?connect to用戶identified by "密碼"?using '(DESCRIPTION =?(ADDRESS_LIST =?(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = XX.XX.XX.XX)(PORT =1521端口號)))? (CONNECT_DATA =??(SERVER = DEDICATED)?? (SERVICE_NAME =SID)??)?)';

-->驗證dblink 有效性

SQL> conn test/test

已連接。

SQL> select * from tab;

未選定行

SQL> select count(*) from base_dict@kfdb57;

COUNT(*)

----------

683

****注意：要創(chuàng)建public database link 如果只創(chuàng)建 database link 只能再當(dāng)前用戶下訪問鏈接庫數(shù)據(jù)，但導(dǎo)出來報錯

ORA-39001: 參數(shù)值無效

ORA-39200: 鏈接名稱 "kfdb5" 無效。

ORA-02019: 未找到遠(yuǎn)程數(shù)據(jù)庫的連接說明

具體解釋：

Use the CREATE DATABASE LINK statement to create a database link. A database link is a schema object in one database that enables you to access objects on another database. The other database need not be an Oracle Database system. However, to access non-Oracle systems you must use Oracle Heterogeneous Services.

After you have created a database link, you can use it to refer to tables and views on the other database. In SQL statements, you can refer to a table or view on the other database by appending @dblink to the table or view name. You can query a table or view on the other database with the SELECT statement. You can also access remote tables and views using any INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or LOCK TABLE statement.

To create a private database link, you must have the CREATE DATABASE LINK system privilege. To create a public database link, you must have the CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK system privilege. Also, you must have the CREATE SESSION system privilege on the remote Oracle database. ? ?Oracle Net must be installed on both the local and remote Oracle databases.

導(dǎo)出命令：

E:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\BIN>EXPDP.EXE?test/test?network_link=kfdb57 directory=DUMP_DIR1? dumpfile=base_dict.dmp tables='base_dict'

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期一, 11 3月, 2013 17:51:56

Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.? All rights reserved.

連接到: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

啟動 "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":??test/********?network_link=kfdb57 directory=DUMP_DIR1 dumpfile=base_dict.dmp tables='base_dict'

正在使用 BLOCKS 方法進(jìn)行估計...

處理對象類型 TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

使用 BLOCKS 方法的總估計: 64 KB

處理對象類型 TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

處理對象類型 TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

處理對象類型 TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

處理對象類型 TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

處理對象類型 TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT

處理對象類型 TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . 導(dǎo)出了 "SINOSOFT"."BASE_DICT"????????????????????? 35.73 KB???? 683 行

已成功加載/卸載了主表 "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01"

******************************************************************************

TEST.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 的轉(zhuǎn)儲文件集為:?? E:\DUMP_DIR\BASE_DICT.DMP

作業(yè) "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" 已于 17:54:09 成功完成

擴展：

將導(dǎo)出得文件導(dǎo)入到本地數(shù)據(jù)庫命令：impdp.exe?test/test?directory=dump_dir1 dumpfile=base_dict.dmp tables=base_dict?? REMAP_SCHEMA=sinosoft:test

查看導(dǎo)入情況：

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME????????????????????????? TABTYPE? CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------

SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?TABLE

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME????????????????????????? TABTYPE? CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------

SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01 ? ? ? ? ? TABLE ? -->主表? 在完成后數(shù)據(jù)庫會自動刪除主表(導(dǎo)出失敗則否)

BASE_DICT ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?TABLE

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME????????????????????????? TABTYPE? CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------

BASE_DICT????????????????????? TABLE

SQL> select count(*) from?base_dict;

COUNT(*)

----------

683

測試完畢后刪除dblink+directory

dropdirectory dump_dir；

drop?public?database?link?kfdb57;

【源于本人筆記】 若有書寫錯誤，表達(dá)錯誤，請指正...

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