golang本身沒(méi)有提供連接mysql的驅(qū)動(dòng)，但是定義了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口供第三方開發(fā)驅(qū)動(dòng)。這里連接mysql可以使用第三方庫(kù)，第三方庫(kù)推薦使用https://github.com/Go-SQL-Driver/MySQL這個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)，更新維護(hù)都比較好。下面演示下具體的使用，完整代碼示例可以參考最后。

下載驅(qū)動(dòng)

sudo go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

如果提示這樣的失敗信息：cannot download, $GOPATH not set. For more details see: go help gopath，可以使用如下命令解決

sudo env GOPATH=/Users/chenjiebin/golang go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

GOPATH的值根據(jù)自行環(huán)境進(jìn)行替換。

創(chuàng)建測(cè)試表

在mysql test庫(kù)中創(chuàng)建測(cè)試表

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `test`.`user` (`user_id` INT(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用戶編號(hào)',`user_name` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL COMMENT '用戶名稱',`user_age` TINYINT(3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '用戶年齡',`user_sex` TINYINT(3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '用戶性別',PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`))ENGINE = InnoDBAUTO_INCREMENT = 1DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8COLLATE = utf8_general_ciCOMMENT = '用戶表'

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接使用datebase/sql Open函數(shù)進(jìn)行連接

1	db, err := sql.Open("mysql",?"user:password@tcp(localhost:5555)/dbname?charset=utf8")

其中連接參數(shù)可以有如下幾種形式：

user@unix(/path/to/socket)/dbname?charset=utf8
user:password@tcp(localhost:5555)/dbname?charset=utf8
user:password@/dbname
user:password@tcp([de:ad:be:ef::ca:fe]:80)/dbname

通常我們都用第二種。

插入操作

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stmt, err := db.Prepare(`INSERT user (user_name,user_age,user_sex) values (?,?,?)`)checkErr(err)res, err := stmt.Exec("tony",?20,?1)checkErr(err)id, err := res.LastInsertId()checkErr(err)fmt.Println(id)

這里使用結(jié)構(gòu)化操作，不推薦使用直接拼接sql語(yǔ)句的方法。

查詢操作

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rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM user")checkErr(err)for rows.Next() {????var userId int????var userName string????var userAge int????var userSex int????rows.Columns()????err = rows.Scan(&userId, &userName, &userAge, &userSex)????checkErr(err)????fmt.Println(userId)????fmt.Println(userName)????fmt.Println(userAge)????fmt.Println(userSex)}

這里查詢的方式使用聲明4個(gè)獨(dú)立變量userId、userName、userAge、userSex來(lái)保存查詢出來(lái)的每一行的值。在實(shí)際開發(fā)中通常會(huì)封裝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的操作，對(duì)這樣的查詢通常會(huì)考慮返回字典類型。

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//構(gòu)造scanArgs、values兩個(gè)數(shù)組，scanArgs的每個(gè)值指向values相應(yīng)值的地址columns, _ := rows.Columns()scanArgs := make([]interface{}, len(columns))values := make([]interface{}, len(columns))for i :=?range values {????scanArgs[i] = &values[i]}for rows.Next() {????//將行數(shù)據(jù)保存到record字典????err = rows.Scan(scanArgs...)????record := make(map[string]string)????for i, col :=?range values {????????if col != nil {????????????record[columns[i]] = string(col.([]byte))????????}????}????fmt.Println(record)}

修改操作

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stmt, err := db.Prepare(`UPDATE user SET user_age=?,user_sex=? WHERE user_id=?`)checkErr(err)res, err := stmt.Exec(21,?2,?1)checkErr(err)num, err := res.RowsAffected()checkErr(err)fmt.Println(num)

刪除操作

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stmt, err := db.Prepare(`DELETE FROM user WHERE user_id=?`)checkErr(err)res, err := stmt.Exec(1)checkErr(err)num, err := res.RowsAffected()checkErr(err)fmt.Println(num)

修改和刪除操作都比較簡(jiǎn)單，同插入數(shù)據(jù)類似，只是使用RowsAffected來(lái)獲取影響的數(shù)據(jù)行數(shù)。

完整代碼

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package mainimport (????"database/sql"????"fmt"????_?"github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql")func main() {????insert()}//插入demofunc insert() {????db, err := sql.Open("mysql",?"root:@/test?charset=utf8")????checkErr(err)????stmt, err := db.Prepare(`INSERT user (user_name,user_age,user_sex) values (?,?,?)`)????checkErr(err)????res, err := stmt.Exec("tony",?20,?1)????checkErr(err)????id, err := res.LastInsertId()????checkErr(err)????fmt.Println(id)}//查詢demofunc query() {????db, err := sql.Open("mysql",?"root:@/test?charset=utf8")????checkErr(err)????rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM user")????checkErr(err)????//普通demo????//for rows.Next() {????//??? var userId int????//??? var userName string????//??? var userAge int????//??? var userSex int????//??? rows.Columns()????//??? err = rows.Scan(&userId, &userName, &userAge, &userSex)????//??? checkErr(err)????//??? fmt.Println(userId)????//??? fmt.Println(userName)????//??? fmt.Println(userAge)????//??? fmt.Println(userSex)????//}????//字典類型????//構(gòu)造scanArgs、values兩個(gè)數(shù)組，scanArgs的每個(gè)值指向values相應(yīng)值的地址????columns, _ := rows.Columns()????scanArgs := make([]interface{}, len(columns))????values := make([]interface{}, len(columns))????for i :=?range values {????????scanArgs[i] = &values[i]????}????for rows.Next() {????????//將行數(shù)據(jù)保存到record字典????????err = rows.Scan(scanArgs...)????????record := make(map[string]string)????????for i, col :=?range values {????????????if col != nil {????????????????record[columns[i]] = string(col.([]byte))????????????}????????}????????fmt.Println(record)????}}//更新數(shù)據(jù)func update() {????db, err := sql.Open("mysql",?"root:@/test?charset=utf8")????checkErr(err)????stmt, err := db.Prepare(`UPDATE user SET user_age=?,user_sex=? WHERE user_id=?`)????checkErr(err)????res, err := stmt.Exec(21,?2,?1)????checkErr(err)????num, err := res.RowsAffected()????checkErr(err)????fmt.Println(num)}//刪除數(shù)據(jù)func remove() {????db, err := sql.Open("mysql",?"root:@/test?charset=utf8")????checkErr(err)????stmt, err := db.Prepare(`DELETE FROM user WHERE user_id=?`)????checkErr(err)????res, err := stmt.Exec(1)????checkErr(err)????num, err := res.RowsAffected()????checkErr(err)????fmt.Println(num)}func checkErr(err error) {????if err != nil {????????panic(err)????}}

小結(jié)

整體上來(lái)說(shuō)都比較簡(jiǎn)單，就是查詢那邊使用字典來(lái)存儲(chǔ)返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)比較復(fù)雜一些。既然說(shuō)到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接，通常應(yīng)用中都會(huì)使用連接池來(lái)減少連接開銷，關(guān)于連接池下次整理一下再放上來(lái)。

來(lái)源:http://www.01happy.com/golang-mysql-demo/

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