轉自：http://cai21cn.iteye.com/blog/700188

在開發一個web應用過程中，需要開發一個服務使用ftp功能將數據傳輸一個網外的ftp服務器。最初使用sun.net.ftp.ftpClient類，但是遇到問題，在網內測試沒有問題，向網外傳時報告失敗。開發環境如下：

web服務：tomcat 5.5.28

OS平臺：Linux 5

java: 1.5

失敗報告：port命令失敗，試試用pasv代替。代碼如下：

Java代碼??

TelnetOutputStream?os?=?null;

FileInputStream?in?=null;

try?{

logger.debug("開始上傳文件"+sourceFile);

java.io.File?file_in?=?new?java.io.File(sourceFile);

in?=?new?FileInputStream(file_in);

//ftpClient.sendServer("TYPE?I?\r\n");

//ftpClient.sendServer("PASV?\r\n"?);

//logger.debug("發送TYPE?I?和　PASC命令");

//?命名文件,將文件名編碼轉為utf-8,否則中文文件名上載后為亂碼文件名

//os?=?ftpClient.put(new?String(targetFile.getBytes("UTF-8")));

os?=?ftpClient.put(targetFile);

logger.debug("創建"+targetFile+"?成功");

byte[]?bytes?=?new?byte[4096];

int?c;

while?((c?=?in.read(bytes))?!=?-1)?{

os.write(bytes,?0,?c);

}

}?catch?(IOException?e)?{

logger.error(e.getMessage());

return?0;

}?finally?{

if?(in?!=?null)?{

in.close();

}

if?(os?!=?null)?{

os.close();

}

}

代碼在os = ftpClient.put(targetFile)這句出錯，這樣的代碼在網上都很常見，但大約可以肯定的是許多的人只是拷貝復制下來構造一篇博文，并沒有真正實踐過。

試著給服務器發送PASV命令也不行。查看ftpClient的源代碼，發現ftpClient在上載數據前首先嘗試PASV模式，如PASV模式失敗再使用PORT模式。通過TelnetOutputStream os = null此句代碼，推測是否使用了telent功能，調整兩邊的路由器防火墻功能，折騰半死，程序失敗依舊。

鑒于源代碼使用telnetoutputStream,又沒有控制傳輸模式的方法和命令，最后只好棄用sun.net.ftp.ftpClient，使用org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPClient類開發調試成功。部分代碼如下：

Java代碼??

public?boolean?uploadFile(String?fileName,?String?newName)

throws?IOException?{

boolean?flag?=?false;

InputStream?iStream?=?null;

try?{

iStream?=?new?FileInputStream(fileName);

ftpClient.enterLocalPassiveMode();

logger.debug("Set?pasv?return?code:"+ftpClient.getReplyCode());

flag?=?ftpClient.storeFile(newName,?iStream);

logger.debug("upload?file?return?code:"+ftpClient.getReplyCode());

}?catch?(IOException?e)?{

logger.debug("upload?error:"+ftpClient.getReplyCode());

flag?=?false;

return?flag;

}?finally?{

if?(iStream?!=?null)?{

iStream.close();

}

}

return?flag;

}

最后，找到java的老巢去，發現在java 1.5的文檔里，有這樣一段話：

Why Developers Should Not Write Programs

That Call 'sun' Packages

The classes that Sun includes with the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition, fall into package groups java.*, javax.*, org.* and sun.*. All but the sun.* packages are a standard part of the Java platform and will be supported into the future. In general, packages such as sun.*, that are outside of the Java platform, can be different across OS platforms (Solaris, Windows, Linux, Macintosh, etc.) and can change at any time without notice with SDK versions (1.2, 1.2.1, 1.2.3, etc). Programs that contain direct calls to the sun.* packages are not 100% Pure Java. In other words:

The java.*, javax.* and org.* packages documented in the Java 2 Platform Standard Edition API Specification make up the official, supported, public interface.

If a Java program directly calls only API in these packages, it will operate on all Java-compatible platforms, regardless of the underlying OS platform.

The sun.* packages are not part of the supported, public interface.

A Java program that directly calls into sun.* packages is not guaranteed to work on all Java-compatible platforms. In fact, such a program is not guaranteed to work even in future versions on the same platform.

For these reasons, there is no documentation available for the sun.* classes. Platform-independence is one of the great advantages of developing in the Java programming language. Furthermore, Sun and our licensees of Java technology are committed to maintaining backward compatibility of the APIs for future versions of the Java platform. (Except for code that relies on serious bugs that we later fix.) This means that once your program is written, the class files will work in future releases.

具體URL：http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/faq/faq-sun-packages.html

真是為在sun.net.ftp上浪費掉的時間懊惱不已。

留文于此，希望廣大朋友們在開發過程中少走彎路。

PS到處拷貝粘帖賺文章的“專業技術作家”!

---------------------------------

目前官方文章已經改寫為：

Why Developers Should Not Write Programs??That Call 'sun' Packages

The java.*, javax.* and org.* packages documented in the Java Platform Standard Edition API Specification make up the official, supported, public interface.? If a Java program directly calls only API in these packages, it will operate on all Java-compatible platforms, regardless of the underlying OS platform.

The sun.* packages are??not?part of the supported, public interface.A Java program that directly calls into sun.* packages is??not?guaranteed to work on all Java-compatible platforms. In fact, such a program is not guaranteed to work even in future versions on the same platform.

Each company that implements the Java platform will do so in their own private way. The classes in sun.* are present in the JDK to support Oracle's implementation of the Java platform: the sun.* classes are what make the Java platform classes work "under the covers" for Oracle's JDK. These classes will not in general be present on another vendor's Java platform. If your Java program asks for a class "sun.package.Foo" by name, it may fail with ClassNotFoundError, and you will have lost a major advantage of developing in Java.

Technically, nothing prevents your program from calling into sun.* by name. From one release to another, these classes may be removed, or they may be moved from one package to another, and it's fairly likely that their interface (method names and signatures) will change. (From Oracle's point of view, since we are committed to maintaining the Java platform, we need to be able to change sun.* to refine and enhance the platform.) In this case, even if you are willing to run only on Oracle's implementation, you run the risk of a new version of the implementation breaking your program.

In general, writing java programs that rely on sun.* is risky: those classes are not portable, and are not supported.

總結

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