1、 數據庫狀態 打開數據庫，檢查數據庫是否處于歸檔模式 conn /as?sysdba

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area????443592704 bytes
Fixed?Size????????????????????????????????????1337100 bytes
Variable?Size???????????????????????? 335546612 bytes
Database?Buffers????????????????????100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers????????????????????????????????6045696 bytes
Database?mounted.

SQL>?alter?database?open;
Database?altered. 檢查數據庫是否處于歸檔模式 SQL> archive?log?list;
Database?log?mode????????????????????????????No Archive Mode
Automatic archival???????????????????????? Disabled
Archive destination????????????????????????USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online?log?sequence???????? 20
Current?log?sequence???????????????????? 22 調節數據庫為歸檔模式 SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area????443592704 bytes
Fixed?Size????????????????????????????????????1337100 bytes
Variable?Size???????????????????????? 335546612 bytes
Database?Buffers????????????????????100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers????????????????????????????????6045696 bytes
Database?mounted.
SQL>?alter?database?archivelog;

Database?altered.

SQL> archive?log?list;
Database?log?mode????????????????????????????Archive Mode
Automatic archival???????????????????????? Enabled
Archive destination????????????????????????USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online?log?sequence???????? 20
Next?log?sequence?to?archive???? 22
Current?log?sequence???????????????????? 22 一般在創建數據庫時是不設置為ARCHIVE MODE 的。
將數據庫的日志模式設置切換（Archive Mode 和No Archive Mode 之間的切換）的步驟和操作如下：
1. 關閉運行的數據庫實例
SQL> shutdown
在進行日志模式切換之前，必須將運行的數據庫正常關閉。
2. 備份數據庫
該備份跟以后產生的日志一起用于將來的災難恢復（很重要，如要改為歸檔日志模式，沒有這個數據庫備份，僅有日志文件是無法從該時間點恢復的）。
3. 啟動數據庫實例到mount 狀態，但不要打開。
SQL> startup mount
4. 切換數據庫日志模式。
SQL> alter database archivelog;(設置數據庫為歸檔日志模式)或
SQL> alter database noarchivelog;(設置數據庫為非歸檔日志模式)
5. 打開數據庫
SQL> alter database open;
6. 確認數據庫現在處于歸檔日志模式。
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination for example: $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/arch
Oldest on-line log sequence 275
Next log sequence 277
Current log sequence 278
7. 將這個時間點的redo logs 歸檔
SQL> archive log all;
8. 確認新產生的日志文件已在相應的歸檔目錄下面。
9、在歸檔模式下，手動切換, 讓在online redolog file里面的數據寫到datafile里面去了；不然的話，需要聯機重做日志文件滿的時候才發生切換。 alter system checkpoint;
10、備份控制文件 alter?database?backup?controlfile?to?trace?as?'/u01/orcle/a.trc';
2、使用RMAN備份數據庫

（1）RMAN連接數據庫

[oracle@localhost ~]$rman target sys/china1ok nocatalog

（2）全備數據庫

RMAN>?list?backup;

specification does?not?match?any?backup?in?the repository

RMAN>?backup?database?format?'/u01/backup/otter/md_%U';

Starting?backup?at 10-APR-10
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=29 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting?full?datafile?backup?set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)?in?backup?set
input datafile?file?number=00001?name=/u01/oradata/otter/system01.dbf
input datafile?file?number=00002?name=/u01/oradata/otter/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile?file?number=00003?name=/u01/oradata/otter/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile?file?number=00005?name=/u01/oradata/otter/paul01.dbf
input datafile?file?number=00004?name=/u01/oradata/otter/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-APR-10
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-APR-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/md_01laom9t_1_1 tag=TAG20100410T074148 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete, elapsed time: 00:01:56
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting?full?datafile?backup?set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)?in?backup?set
including?current?control?file?in?backup?set
including?current?SPFILE?in?backup?set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-APR-10
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-APR-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/md_02laomdh_1_1 tag=TAG20100410T074148 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished?backup?at 10-APR-10


RMAN> list?backup;


List?of?Backup?Sets
===================


BS?Key????Type LV?Size???????????? Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1?????????????Full????????1015.33M?????DISK????????????????00:01:55???????? 10-APR-10????????????
????????????????BP?Key: 1???? Status: AVAILABLE????Compressed: NO????Tag: TAG20100410T074148
????????????????Piece?Name: /u01/backup/otter/md_01laom9t_1_1
????List?of?Datafiles?in?backup?set?1
????File?LV Type Ckp SCN????????Ckp Time????Name
????---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
????1?????????????Full?1183863????????10-APR-10 /u01/oradata/otter/system01.dbf
????2?????????????Full?1183863????????10-APR-10 /u01/oradata/otter/sysaux01.dbf
????3?????????????Full?1183863????????10-APR-10 /u01/oradata/otter/undotbs01.dbf
????4?????????????Full?1183863????????10-APR-10 /u01/oradata/otter/users01.dbf
????5?????????????Full?1183863????????10-APR-10 /u01/oradata/otter/paul01.dbf

BS?Key????Type LV?Size???????????? Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2?????????????Full????????9.36M????????????DISK????????????????00:00:04???????? 10-APR-10????????????
????????????????BP?Key: 2???? Status: AVAILABLE????Compressed: NO????Tag: TAG20100410T074148
????????????????Piece?Name: /u01/backup/otter/md_02laomdh_1_1
????SPFILE Included: Modification time: 10-APR-10
????SPFILE db_unique_name: OTTER
????Control?File?Included: Ckp SCN: 1183915????????????Ckp time: 10-APR-10


?

（3）部分備份數據庫

RMAN> report?schema;

Report?of?database?schema?for?database?with?db_unique_name OTTER

List?of?Permanent?Datafiles
===========================
File?Size(MB) Tablespace???????????????????? RB segs Datafile?Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1????????680????????????SYSTEM???????????????????????????? ***???????? /u01/oradata/otter/system01.dbf
2????????550????????????SYSAUX???????????????????????????? ***???????? /u01/oradata/otter/sysaux01.dbf
3????????95???????????? UNDOTBS1???????????????????????? ***???????? /u01/oradata/otter/undotbs01.dbf
4????????5????????????????USERS????????????????????????????????***???????? /u01/oradata/otter/users01.dbf
5????????10???????????? PAUL???????????????????????????????? ***???????? /u01/oradata/otter/paul01.dbf

List?of?Temporary?Files
=======================
File?Size(MB) Tablespace???????????????????? Maxsize(MB) Tempfile?Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1????????29?????????????TEMP???????????????????????????????? 32767???????????? /u01/oradata/otter/temp01.dbf

RMAN>?backup?datafile 5 format?'/u01/backup/otter/otter_%U';

Starting?backup?at 10-APR-10
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting?full?datafile?backup?set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)?in?backup?set
input datafile?file?number=00005?name=/u01/oradata/otter/paul01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-APR-10
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-APR-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/otter_05laonp1_1_1 tag=TAG20100410T080657 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished?backup?at 10-APR-10

Starting Control?File?and?SPFILE Autobackup at 10-APR-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/otter_c-151511358-20100410-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control?File?and?SPFILE Autobackup at 10-APR-10

（4）、多路并發備份

run {
allocate channel c1 type?disk;
allocate channel c2 type?disk;
allocate channel c3 type?disk;
allocate channel c4 type?disk;
backup?incremental?level=0
format?'/u01/backup/otter/p_%U'
(datafile 1 channel c1 tag=system)
(datafile 2 channel c2 tag=aux)
(datafile 3 channel c3 tag=und)
(datafile 4,5 channel c4 tag=users);
sql?'alter system archive log current';
} 執行情況 RMAN> run {
2>????allocate channel c1 type?disk;
3> allocate channel c2 type?disk;
4>????allocate channel c3 type?disk;
5>????allocate channel c4 type?disk;
6>????backup?incremental?level=0
7>????format?'/u01/backup/otter/p_%U'
8>????(datafile 1 channel c1 tag=system)
9>????(datafile 2 channel c2 tag=aux)
10>????(datafile 3 channel c3 tag=und)
11>????(datafile 4,5 channel c4 tag=users);
12> sql?'alter system archive log current';
13> }


allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=37 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=40 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=43 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c4
channel c4: SID=44 device type=DISK

Starting?backup?at 10-APR-10
channel c1: starting incremental?level?0 datafile?backup?set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s)?in?backup?set
input datafile?file?number=00001?name=/u01/oradata/otter/system01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 10-APR-10
channel c2: starting incremental?level?0 datafile?backup?set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s)?in?backup?set
input datafile?file?number=00002?name=/u01/oradata/otter/sysaux01.dbf
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 10-APR-10
channel c3: starting incremental?level?0 datafile?backup?set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s)?in?backup?set
input datafile?file?number=00003?name=/u01/oradata/otter/undotbs01.dbf
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 10-APR-10
channel c4: starting incremental?level?0 datafile?backup?set
channel c4: specifying datafile(s)?in?backup?set
input datafile?file?number=00005?name=/u01/oradata/otter/paul01.dbf
input datafile?file?number=00004?name=/u01/oradata/otter/users01.dbf
channel c4: starting piece 1 at 10-APR-10
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 10-APR-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/p_0blaooqu_1_1 tag=UND comment=NONE
channel c3:?backup?set?complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06
channel c4: finished piece 1 at 10-APR-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/p_0claooqv_1_1 tag=USERS comment=NONE
channel c4:?backup?set?complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 10-APR-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/p_0alaooqt_1_1 tag=AUX comment=NONE
channel c2:?backup?set?complete, elapsed time: 00:01:30
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 10-APR-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/p_09laooqt_1_1 tag=SYSTEM comment=NONE
channel c1:?backup?set?complete, elapsed time: 00:01:51
Finished?backup?at 10-APR-10

Starting Control?File?and?SPFILE Autobackup at 10-APR-10
piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/otter_c-151511358-20100410-02 comment=NONE
Finished Control?File?and?SPFILE Autobackup at 10-APR-10

sql statement:?alter?system archive?log?current
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
released channel: c4

（5）、刪除備份集

RMAN>?delete?backupset 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13;

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=37 device type=DISK

List?of?Backup?Pieces
BP?Key????BS?Key????Pc# Cp# Status????????????Device Type Piece?Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
3???????????? 3???????????? 1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/backup/otter/md_03laon1k_1_1
4???????????? 4???????????? 1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/backup/otter/md_04laon5h_1_1
5???????????? 5???????????? 1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/backup/otter/otter_05laonp1_1_1
6???????????? 6???????????? 1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/backup/otter/otter_c-151511358-20100410-00
7???????????? 7???????????? 1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/flash_recovery_area/OTTER/backupset/2010_04_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20100410T081203_5vzjlmnz_.bkp
8???????????? 8???????????? 1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/backup/otter/otter_c-151511358-20100410-01
9???????????? 9???????????? 1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/backup/otter/p_0blaooqu_1_1
10????????????10????????????1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/backup/otter/p_0claooqv_1_1
11????????????11????????????1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/backup/otter/p_0alaooqt_1_1
12????????????12????????????1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/backup/otter/p_09laooqt_1_1
13????????????13????????????1???? 1???? AVAILABLE?????DISK????????????????/u01/backup/otter/otter_c-151511358-20100410-02

Do you really want?to?delete?the above objects (enter YES?or?NO)??yes
deleted?backup?piece
backup?piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/otter_05laonp1_1_1 RECID=5 STAMP=715939617
deleted?backup?piece
backup?piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/otter_c-151511358-20100410-00 RECID=6 STAMP=715939619
deleted?backup?piece
backup?piece handle=/u01/flash_recovery_area/OTTER/backupset/2010_04_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20100410T081203_5vzjlmnz_.bkp RECID=7 STAMP=715939923
deleted?backup?piece
backup?piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/otter_c-151511358-20100410-01 RECID=8 STAMP=715939940
deleted?backup?piece
backup?piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/p_0blaooqu_1_1 RECID=9 STAMP=715940704
deleted?backup?piece
backup?piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/p_0claooqv_1_1 RECID=10 STAMP=715940706
deleted?backup?piece
backup?piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/p_0alaooqt_1_1 RECID=11 STAMP=715940702
deleted?backup?piece
backup?piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/p_09laooqt_1_1 RECID=12 STAMP=715940701
deleted?backup?piece
backup?piece handle=/u01/backup/otter/otter_c-151511358-20100410-02 RECID=13 STAMP=715940831
Deleted 9 objects

RMAN-06207: WARNING: 2 objects could?not?be deleted?for?DISK?channel(s) due
RMAN-06208:????????????????????to?mismatched status.????Use?CROSSCHECK command?to?fix status
RMAN-06210: List?of?Mismatched objects
RMAN-06211: ==========================
RMAN-06212:???? Object Type?????Filename/Handle
RMAN-06213:?--------------- ---------------------------------------------------
RMAN-06214:?Backup?Piece????????/u01/backup/otter/md_03laon1k_1_1
RMAN-06214:?Backup?Piece????????/u01/backup/otter/md_04laon5h_1_1

(6）、備份多份文件

RMAN>?backup?copies 2 datafile 4 format?'/u01/backup/otter/b1/b1_%U','/u01/backup/otter/b2/b2_%U';

(7)、對備份集做備份

3、備份各種常用文件

備份datafile bacup datafile '/u01/oradata/otter/user01.dbf' format '/u01/backup/user_%U'; 備份tablespace select tablespace_name, content from dba_tablespace; bacup tablespace example,users format '/u01/backup/tbs_%U'; 備份controlfile configure controlfile autobackup clear; show all; configure controlfile autobackup on;時， 用rman備份其他文件的時候，則會自動備份controlfile和spfile文件 或使用include指令把控制文件進行備份，如：backup datafile 4 include current controlfile; 或RMAN>sql "alter database backup control file to ' '/temp/control.bin''"; 備份spfile controlfile autoback = on;時會自動產生備份 或backup spfile backup '/u01/backup/sp_%U'; 備份歸檔日志文件archive log files backup format '/u01/backup/ar_$t_%s_%p' archivelog all?delete all input;//防止重復備份，有則刪掉 按時間進行備份 backup archivelog from time "sysdate-15" until time "sysdate-7"; 按sequence number進行備份

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