落了一節課，直接lecture3

Lecture3 Basic Pipeline

1、Single-cycle implementation: seldom used

? ? ?取指? 譯碼? 執行? 讀mem/cache? 寫回WB

2、How to make it fast?

? ? ?To decrease the clock cycle time? difficult!

? ? ?What's the problem？資源浪費 串行 Start work ASAP

3、Multi-cycled implemention

4、Pipelining

? ? why pipelining？ decrease CPUtime? improving the throughput?

5、Pipeline hazard: the major hurdle

? ? A hazard is a condition that prevents an instruction in the pipe from excuting its next scheduled pipe stage

? ?Taxonomy of hazard:

? ?Structrural hazards: These are comflicts over hardzards resources.

? ?Data hazards: Instruction depends on result of prior computation which is not ready yet.

? ?Control hazards: PC are not available in time to fetch an instruction on the next clock.

6、 Hazards can always be resolved by stall

?7、浮點數運算：解決結構競爭（Structrural hazards）

? ? ??方法1：fully pipelined adder：overhead（體積、執行時間）過大

? ? ? 方法2：multiple unpipelined adder：overhead（成本）過大

? ? ? 方法3：插入stall

8、coping with data hazards

? ? 方法1：增加數據通路（Forwarding Path）

? ? 方法2：Forwarding not always work，so implement load Interlock?：load指令比較常見，這個方法開銷較大

? ? 方法3：編譯器端,進行代碼調度，進行代碼塊順序改變

? ??

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