前言

　　開心一刻

　　　　晚上回家，爸媽正在吵架，見我回來就都不說話了，看見我媽坐在那里瞪著我爸，我就問老爸“你干什么了惹我媽生這么大氣?”? 我爸說“沒有什么啊，倒是你，這么大了還沒有媳婦，要是你有媳婦給我們生一個孫子玩，我們致于吵架嗎？”我一聽就感覺要壞，老爸你這是來了一招調虎離山啊，實力坑兒子啊，果然我媽改瞪我了，然后完全不理我爸，直接指著我開罵了……

　　路漫漫其修遠兮，吾將上下而求索！

　　github：https://github.com/youzhibing

　　碼云(gitee)：https://gitee.com/youzhibing

java定時任務調度的實現方式　

　　Timer

　　　　這個相信大家都有用過，我也用過，但用的不多；

　　　　特點是：簡單易用，但由于所有任務都是由同一個線程來調度，因此所有任務都是串行執行的，同一時間只能有一個任務在執行，前一個任務的延遲或異常都將會影響到之后的任務；能實現簡單的定時任務，稍微復雜點（或要求高一些）的定時任務卻不好實現。
　　ScheduledExecutor

　　　　這個我相信大家也都用過，而且用的比Timer多；正是鑒于Timer的缺陷，Java 5推出了基于線程池設計的ScheduledExecutor；

　　　　特點：每一個被調度的任務都會由線程池中一個線程去執行，因此任務是并發執行的，相互之間不會受到干擾。需要注意的是，只有當任務的執行時間到來時，ScheduedExecutor 才會真正啟動一個線程，其余時間 ScheduledExecutor 都是在輪詢任務的狀態。

　　　　雖然用ScheduledExecutor和Calendar能夠實現復雜任務調度，但實現起來還是比較麻煩，對開發還是不夠友善。

　　Spring Scheduler

　　　　spring對任務調度的實現支持，可以指定任務的執行時間，但對任務隊列和線程池的管控較弱；一般集成于項目中，小任務很方便。
　　JCronTab

　　　　JCronTab則是一款完全按照crontab語法編寫的java任務調度工具。

　　　　特點：

　　　　　　可指定任務的執行時間；

　　　　　　提供完全按照Unix的UNIX-POSIX crontab的格式來規定時間；

　　　　　　支持多種任務調度的持久化方法，包括普通文件、數據庫以及 XML 文件進行持久化；

　　　　　　JCronTab內置了發郵件功能，可以將任務執行結果方便地發送給需要被通知的人；

　　　　　　設計和部署是高性能并可擴展。

　　Quartz

　　　　本文主角，請往下看
　　當然還有XXL-JOB、Elastic-Job、Saturn等等

quartz相關概念

　　Scheduler：調度器，進行任務調度；quartz的大腦
　　Job：業務job，亦可稱業務組件；定時任務的具體執行業務需要實現此接口，調度器會調用此接口的execute方法完成我們的定時業務
　　JobDetail：用來定義業務Job的實例，我們可以稱之為quartz job，很多時候我們談到的job指的是JobDetail
　　Trigger：觸發器，用來定義一個指定的Job何時被執行
　　JobBuilder：Job構建器，用來定義或創建JobDetail的實例；JobDetail限定了只能是Job的實例
　　TriggerBuilder：觸發器構建器，用來定義或創建觸發器的實例

　　具體為什么要分這么細，大家可以去查閱下相關資料，你會發現很多東西

工程實現

　　pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.lee</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-quartz</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version><maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target><druid.version>1.1.10</druid.version><pagehelper.version>1.2.5</pagehelper.version><druid.version>1.1.10</druid.version></properties><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version></parent><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>${druid.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId><artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>${pagehelper.version}</version></dependency><!-- 日志 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId><exclusions> <!-- 排除spring-boot-starter-logging中的全部依賴 --><exclusion><groupId>*</groupId><artifactId>*</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions><scope>test</scope> <!-- 打包的時候不打spring-boot-starter-logging.jar --></dependency><dependency><groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId><artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency></dependencies><build><finalName>spring-boot-quartz</finalName><plugins><!-- 打包項目 mvn clean package --><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build> </project> View Code

　　application.xml

server:port: 9001servlet:context-path: /quartz spring:thymeleaf:mode: HTMLcache: false#連接池配置datasource:type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourcedruid:driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-boot-quartz?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true username: rootpassword: 123456initial-size: 1 #連接池初始大小max-active: 20 #連接池中最大的活躍連接數min-idle: 1 #連接池中最小的活躍連接數max-wait: 60000 #配置獲取連接等待超時的時間pool-prepared-statements: true #打開PSCache，并且指定每個連接上PSCache的大小max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20validation-query: SELECT 1 FROM DUALvalidation-query-timeout: 30000test-on-borrow: false #是否在獲得連接后檢測其可用性test-on-return: false #是否在連接放回連接池后檢測其可用性test-while-idle: true #是否在連接空閑一段時間后檢測其可用性quartz:#相關屬性配置properties:org:quartz:scheduler:instanceName: quartzSchedulerinstanceId: AUTOjobStore:class: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTXdriverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegatetablePrefix: QRTZ_isClustered: falseclusterCheckinInterval: 10000useProperties: falsethreadPool:class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPoolthreadCount: 10threadPriority: 5threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true#數據庫方式job-store-type: JDBC#初始化表結構jdbc:initialize-schema: NEVER #mybatis配置 mybatis:type-aliases-package: com.lee.quartz.entitymapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml #分頁配置, pageHelper是物理分頁插件 pagehelper:#4.0.0以后版本可以不設置該參數，該示例中是5.1.4helper-dialect: mysql#啟用合理化，如果pageNum<1會查詢第一頁，如果pageNum>pages會查詢最后一頁reasonable: true logging:level:com.lee.quartz.mapper: debug View Code

　　這樣，quartz就配置好了，應用里面直接用即可

　　JobController.java

package com.lee.quartz.web;import com.github.pagehelper.PageInfo; import com.lee.quartz.common.Result; import com.lee.quartz.entity.QuartzJob; import com.lee.quartz.service.IJobService; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController @RequestMapping("/job") public class JobController {private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JobController.class);@Autowiredprivate IJobService jobService;@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })@PostMapping("/add")public Result save(QuartzJob quartz){LOGGER.info("新增任務");Result result = jobService.saveJob(quartz);return result;}@PostMapping("/list")public PageInfo list(String jobName,Integer pageNo,Integer pageSize){LOGGER.info("任務列表");PageInfo pageInfo = jobService.listQuartzJob(jobName, pageNo, pageSize);return pageInfo;}@PostMapping("/trigger")public Result trigger(String jobName, String jobGroup) {LOGGER.info("觸發任務");Result result = jobService.triggerJob(jobName, jobGroup);return result;}@PostMapping("/pause")public Result pause(String jobName, String jobGroup) {LOGGER.info("停止任務");Result result = jobService.pauseJob(jobName, jobGroup);return result;}@PostMapping("/resume")public Result resume(String jobName, String jobGroup) {LOGGER.info("恢復任務");Result result = jobService.resumeJob(jobName, jobGroup);return result;}@PostMapping("/remove")public Result remove(String jobName, String jobGroup) {LOGGER.info("移除任務");Result result = jobService.removeJob(jobName, jobGroup);return result;} } View Code

　　JobServiceImpl.java

package com.lee.quartz.service.impl;import com.github.pagehelper.PageHelper; import com.github.pagehelper.PageInfo; import com.lee.quartz.common.Result; import com.lee.quartz.entity.QuartzJob; import com.lee.quartz.mapper.JobMapper; import com.lee.quartz.service.IJobService; import org.quartz.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.List;@Service public class JobServiceImpl implements IJobService {@Autowiredprivate Scheduler scheduler;@Autowiredprivate JobMapper jobMapper;@Overridepublic PageInfo listQuartzJob(String jobName, Integer pageNum, Integer pageSize) {PageHelper.startPage(pageNum, pageSize);List<QuartzJob> jobList = jobMapper.listJob(jobName);PageInfo pageInfo = new PageInfo(jobList);return pageInfo;}@Overridepublic Result saveJob(QuartzJob quartz){try {//如果是修改 展示舊的 任務if(quartz.getOldJobGroup() != null && !"".equals(quartz.getOldJobGroup())){JobKey key = new JobKey(quartz.getOldJobName(),quartz.getOldJobGroup());scheduler.deleteJob(key);}//構建job信息Class cls = Class.forName(quartz.getJobClassName()) ;cls.newInstance();JobDetail job = JobBuilder.newJob(cls).withIdentity(quartz.getJobName(),quartz.getJobGroup()).withDescription(quartz.getDescription()).build();// 觸發時間點CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(quartz.getCronExpression().trim());Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger"+quartz.getJobName(), quartz.getJobGroup()).startNow().withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build();//交由Scheduler安排觸發 scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return Result.error();}return Result.ok();}@Overridepublic Result triggerJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) {JobKey key = new JobKey(jobName,jobGroup);try {scheduler.triggerJob(key);} catch (SchedulerException e) {e.printStackTrace();return Result.error();}return Result.ok();}@Overridepublic Result pauseJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) {JobKey key = new JobKey(jobName,jobGroup);try {scheduler.pauseJob(key);} catch (SchedulerException e) {e.printStackTrace();return Result.error();}return Result.ok();}@Overridepublic Result resumeJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) {JobKey key = new JobKey(jobName,jobGroup);try {scheduler.resumeJob(key);} catch (SchedulerException e) {e.printStackTrace();return Result.error();}return Result.ok();}@Overridepublic Result removeJob(String jobName, String jobGroup) {try {TriggerKey triggerKey = TriggerKey.triggerKey(jobName, jobGroup);// 停止觸發器 scheduler.pauseTrigger(triggerKey);// 移除觸發器 scheduler.unscheduleJob(triggerKey);// 刪除任務 scheduler.deleteJob(JobKey.jobKey(jobName, jobGroup));System.out.println("removeJob:"+JobKey.jobKey(jobName));} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return Result.error();}return Result.ok();} } View Code

　　主要就是以上文件，詳情請查看spring-boot-quartz

　　工程里面數據源用的druid，springboot默認也會將該數據源應用到quartz，如果想給quartz單獨配置數據源，可配合@QuartzDataSource來實現（更多quarz數據源問題，請查看spring-boot-2.0.3之quartz集成，數據源問題，源碼探究）

　　最終效果如下

trigger狀態

　　org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.Constants中存放了一些列的常量，源代碼如下

/* * All content copyright Terracotta, Inc., unless otherwise indicated. All rights reserved.* * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy * of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations * under the License.* */package org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore;/*** <p>* This interface can be implemented by any <code>{@link* org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.DriverDelegate}</code>* class that needs to use the constants contained herein.* </p>* * @author <a href="mailto:jeff@binaryfeed.org">Jeffrey Wescott</a>* @author James House*/ public interface Constants {/** ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* * Constants.* * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*/// Table namesString TABLE_JOB_DETAILS = "JOB_DETAILS";String TABLE_TRIGGERS = "TRIGGERS";String TABLE_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS = "SIMPLE_TRIGGERS";String TABLE_CRON_TRIGGERS = "CRON_TRIGGERS";String TABLE_BLOB_TRIGGERS = "BLOB_TRIGGERS";String TABLE_FIRED_TRIGGERS = "FIRED_TRIGGERS";String TABLE_CALENDARS = "CALENDARS";String TABLE_PAUSED_TRIGGERS = "PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS";String TABLE_LOCKS = "LOCKS";String TABLE_SCHEDULER_STATE = "SCHEDULER_STATE";// TABLE_JOB_DETAILS columns names String COL_SCHEDULER_NAME = "SCHED_NAME";String COL_JOB_NAME = "JOB_NAME";String COL_JOB_GROUP = "JOB_GROUP";String COL_IS_DURABLE = "IS_DURABLE";String COL_IS_VOLATILE = "IS_VOLATILE";String COL_IS_NONCONCURRENT = "IS_NONCONCURRENT";String COL_IS_UPDATE_DATA = "IS_UPDATE_DATA";String COL_REQUESTS_RECOVERY = "REQUESTS_RECOVERY";String COL_JOB_DATAMAP = "JOB_DATA";String COL_JOB_CLASS = "JOB_CLASS_NAME";String COL_DESCRIPTION = "DESCRIPTION";// TABLE_TRIGGERS columns namesString COL_TRIGGER_NAME = "TRIGGER_NAME";String COL_TRIGGER_GROUP = "TRIGGER_GROUP";String COL_NEXT_FIRE_TIME = "NEXT_FIRE_TIME";String COL_PREV_FIRE_TIME = "PREV_FIRE_TIME";String COL_TRIGGER_STATE = "TRIGGER_STATE";String COL_TRIGGER_TYPE = "TRIGGER_TYPE";String COL_START_TIME = "START_TIME";String COL_END_TIME = "END_TIME";String COL_PRIORITY = "PRIORITY";String COL_MISFIRE_INSTRUCTION = "MISFIRE_INSTR";String ALIAS_COL_NEXT_FIRE_TIME = "ALIAS_NXT_FR_TM";// TABLE_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS columns namesString COL_REPEAT_COUNT = "REPEAT_COUNT";String COL_REPEAT_INTERVAL = "REPEAT_INTERVAL";String COL_TIMES_TRIGGERED = "TIMES_TRIGGERED";// TABLE_CRON_TRIGGERS columns namesString COL_CRON_EXPRESSION = "CRON_EXPRESSION";// TABLE_BLOB_TRIGGERS columns namesString COL_BLOB = "BLOB_DATA";String COL_TIME_ZONE_ID = "TIME_ZONE_ID";// TABLE_FIRED_TRIGGERS columns namesString COL_INSTANCE_NAME = "INSTANCE_NAME";String COL_FIRED_TIME = "FIRED_TIME";String COL_SCHED_TIME = "SCHED_TIME";String COL_ENTRY_ID = "ENTRY_ID";String COL_ENTRY_STATE = "STATE";// TABLE_CALENDARS columns namesString COL_CALENDAR_NAME = "CALENDAR_NAME";String COL_CALENDAR = "CALENDAR";// TABLE_LOCKS columns namesString COL_LOCK_NAME = "LOCK_NAME";// TABLE_LOCKS columns namesString COL_LAST_CHECKIN_TIME = "LAST_CHECKIN_TIME";String COL_CHECKIN_INTERVAL = "CHECKIN_INTERVAL";// MISC CONSTANTSString DEFAULT_TABLE_PREFIX = "QRTZ_";// STATESString STATE_WAITING = "WAITING";String STATE_ACQUIRED = "ACQUIRED";String STATE_EXECUTING = "EXECUTING";String STATE_COMPLETE = "COMPLETE";String STATE_BLOCKED = "BLOCKED";String STATE_ERROR = "ERROR";String STATE_PAUSED = "PAUSED";String STATE_PAUSED_BLOCKED = "PAUSED_BLOCKED";String STATE_DELETED = "DELETED";/*** @deprecated Whether a trigger has misfired is no longer a state, but * rather now identified dynamically by whether the trigger's next fire * time is more than the misfire threshold time in the past.*/String STATE_MISFIRED = "MISFIRED";String ALL_GROUPS_PAUSED = "_$_ALL_GROUPS_PAUSED_$_";// TRIGGER TYPES/** Simple Trigger type. */String TTYPE_SIMPLE = "SIMPLE";/** Cron Trigger type. */String TTYPE_CRON = "CRON";/** Calendar Interval Trigger type. */String TTYPE_CAL_INT = "CAL_INT";/** Daily Time Interval Trigger type. */String TTYPE_DAILY_TIME_INT = "DAILY_I";/** A general blob Trigger type. */String TTYPE_BLOB = "BLOB"; }// EOF View Code

　　里面有quartz的表名、各個表包含的列名、trigger狀態、trigger類型等內容

　　狀態包括

　　　　WAITING：等待中
　　　　ACQUIRED：將觸發，此時還未到trigger真正的觸發時刻
　　　　EXECUTING：觸發，亦可理解成執行中，trigger真正的觸發時刻
　　　　COMPLETE：完成，不再觸發
　　　　BLOCKED：受阻，不允許并發執行job時會出現（@DisallowConcurrentExecution）
　　　　ERROR：出錯
　　　　PAUSED：暫停中
　　　　PAUSED_BLOCKED：暫停受阻，不允許并發執行job時會出現（@DisallowConcurrentExecution）
　　　　DELETED：已刪除
　　　　MISFIRED：觸發失敗，已棄用，有另外的替代方式

　　狀態變化流程圖如下所示

　　trigger的初始狀態是WAITING，處于WAITING狀態的trigger等待被觸發。調度線程會不停地掃triggers表，根據NEXT_FIRE_TIME提前拉取即將觸發的trigger，如果這個trigger被該調度線程拉取到，它的狀態就會變為ACQUIRED。因為是提前拉取trigger，并未到達trigger真正的觸發時刻，所以調度線程會等到真正觸發的時刻，再將trigger狀態由ACQUIRED改為EXECUTING。如果這個trigger不再執行，就將狀態改為COMPLETE,否則為WAITING，開始新的周期。如果這個周期中的任何環節拋出異常，trigger的狀態會變成ERROR。如果手動暫停這個trigger，狀態會變成PAUSED。

總結

　　Quartz作為一個開源的作業調度框架，提供了巨大的靈活性而不犧牲簡單性。我們能夠用它來為執行一個作業而創建簡單的或復雜的調度。它有很多特征，如：數據庫、集群、插件、JavaMail支持，EJB作業預構建，支持cron-like表達式等等；

　　springboot集成quartz非常簡單，最簡單的情況下只需要引入依賴我們就可以享受quartz提供的功能，springboot默認會幫我們配置好quartz；當然我們也可以自定義配置來實現quartz的定制；

參考

　　幾種任務調度的Java實現方法與比較

　　小柒2012 / spring-boot-quartz

　　boot-features-quartz

　　作業調度系統—Quartz

　　記一次Quartz重復調度(任務重復執行)的問題排查

　　Quartz FAQ

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/youzhibing/p/10024558.html

總結

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