?一、實驗目的和任務

學習路由器的基本工作原理；

進行路由器命令的操作練習；

進行路由策略的設置。

二、實驗原理介紹

重點：路由器和交換機的區別；

?? 路由器功能——實現網絡互連，包括存儲、轉發、尋徑；

1、路由器的工作過程

?

2、路由器的配置模式

?? 1）普通用戶模式；

?? 2）特權用戶模式；

?? 3）全局配置模式；

?? 4）接口配置模式；

?? 5）路由協議配置模式；

二、路由器的基本配置

實現如下圖所示的網絡拓撲配置：

三、設計代碼（或原理圖）、仿真波形及分析

網絡拓撲結構如下圖所示：

PC0&PC1地址配置，網關配置如圖中標記所示

R2配置如下：（有解釋）

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: nPress RETURN to get started!Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R2 //命名 R2(config)#int f0/0 //進入以太網接口 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 //給接口fa0/0設置網關 子網掩碼 R2(config-if)#no shutdown //激活接口R2(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#ex R2(config)#int s0/0/0 //串行接口 R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000 //設置波特率（路由器沒鎖定時可自由設置） This command applies only to DCE interfaces R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0 //給接口s0/0/0設置網關 子網掩碼 R2(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down R2(config-if)#ex R2(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.2 //設置靜態路由 R2(config)#end //配置結束 R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR2#sh ip int brief //查看接口配置 Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.1.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0/0 192.168.6.1 YES manual down down Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down downR2#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0//*******在配置R3時，R2會[自動]執行下面部分指令*****// R2# R2#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/0 R2(config-if)# R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1 R2(config-if)# R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/1 R2(config-if)# R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/0 R2(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#end R2(config-if)#end R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console//******配置完R3后，回到R2執行下面命令,即可到靜態路由表*********// R2#sh ip route //查看路由表 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 //前面地址為目的網絡，后面Fa...為通往目的網絡的接口 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.2 C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0R2# //Codes表示路由項生成的方式，C表示直連路由；S表示靜態路由；R表示RIP協議生成；O表示OPSF協議生成。R2>en R2#sh int f0/0 //查看具體接口的信息 FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)Hardware is Lance, address is 0010.11e0.9d01 (bia 0010.11e0.9d01) //接口物理地址Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24 //接口IP地址MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, //BW為帶寬；DLY為延時reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not setFull-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is RJ45ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00, Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang neverLast clearing of "show interface" counters neverInput queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0Queueing strategy: fifoOutput queue :0/40 (size/max)5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec5 minute output rate 5 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec12 packets input, 1536 bytes, 0 no bufferReceived 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort0 input packets with dribble condition detected12 packets output, 1212 bytes, 0 underruns0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

R3配置如下：（解釋類同R2）

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: nPress RETURN to get started!Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R2 R2(config)#hostname R3 R3(config)#int f0/0 R3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shutdownR3(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR3(config-if)#int s0/0/0 R3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0 R3(config-if)#no shutdownR3(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to upR3(config-if)# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to upR3(config-if)#ex R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1 R3(config)#end R3# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR3#sh ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 192.168.2.1 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/0/0 192.168.6.2 YES manual up up Serial0/0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down R3#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setS 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0R3#

PC0連接PC1：

PC1連接PC0：

四、實驗結論與心得

• 注意

由于新加入的路由器沒有串行接口，故需要手動添加，步驟如下：

1.先把路由器的電源關掉。

2.把物理串口拖動到路由器接口處。

3.啟動步驟1中的電源，然后進入CLI配置頁面，等待初始化完成，點擊確定即可。

• 路由器配置文件保存類似交換機，在這里不作介紹，可參考文章：計算機網絡配置——交換機的配置

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