閱讀筆記:雙核心Opteron處理器

原作者：Eric Schrock's Weblog
原文來(lái)自：http: //blogs.sun.com/roller/comments/eschrock

譯注者: Badcoffee
Email: blog.oliver@gmail.com
Blog: http://blog.csdn.net/yayong
2005年4月

Dual Core Opterons

按：想通過(guò)google找到Solaris是否支持NUMA的答案，因此偶然間搜索到了Eric的blog,里面不少有趣的東西，值得一讀。

So it's no secret that AMD and Intel are in a mad sprint（奔跑）to the finish for dual-core x86 chips. The offical AMD roadmap, as well as public demos have all shown AMD well on track. The latest tidbits（花絮） of information indicate Linux is up and running on these dual-core systems. Very cool.

Given our close relationship with AMD and the sensitive nature of hardware plans, I'll refrain from（避免）saying what we may or may not have running in our labs. But Solaris has some great features that make it well-suited for these dual core chips. First of all, Solaris 10 has had support for both Chip Multi Threading (hyperthreading) and Chip Multi Processing (multi core) for about a year and half now. Solaris has also been NUMA-aware for much longer (with the current lgroups coming in mid-2001, or Solaris 9). I'm sure AMD has made these cores appear as two processesors for legacy purposes, but with a little cpuid tweaks, we'll see them as sibling（姐弟） cores and get all the benefits inherent in Solaris 10 CMP.

注解：
1.Solaris 10是支持超線(xiàn)程和多內(nèi)核CPU的，如果打開(kāi)BIOS的超線(xiàn)程的設(shè)置的開(kāi)關(guān)，用psrinfo就可以看到CPU個(gè)數(shù)是CPU*超線(xiàn)程數(shù)。多內(nèi)核的CPU也是如此。假設(shè)8內(nèi)核的CPU每個(gè)內(nèi)核包含4個(gè)超線(xiàn)程，那么用psrinfo觀察一個(gè)CPU就是32個(gè)。
2.Solaris在版本9的時(shí)候，就已經(jīng)支持了NUMA架構(gòu)。
3.tweak本意是擰，在計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)里面的意思是輕微的改變，下面是google搜索到的解釋：To make minor adjustments in an electronic system or in a software program in order to improve performance

Despite this, the NUMA system in Solaris is undergoing（經(jīng)歷） drastic（激烈的） change due to the Opteron memory architecture. While Solaris is NUMA-aware, it uses a simplistic（過(guò)分簡(jiǎn)化） memory heirarchy based on the physical architecture of Sun's high end SPARC systems. We have the notion of a "locality（位置） group", which represents the logical relationship of CPUs and memory. Currently, there are only two notions（概念） of locality - "near" and "far". Solaris tries its best to keep logically connected memory and processes in the same locality group. On Opteron, things get a bit more complicated due to the integrated memory controller and HyperTransport layout. On 4-way machines the processors are laid out in a square（正方形）, and on 8-way machines we have a ladder（梯狀） formation. Memory transfers must pass through neighboring memory controllers, so now memory could be "near", "far", or "farther". We're revamping（修改） the current lgroup system to support arbitrary（任意的） memory heirachies, which should produce some nice performance gains on 4- and 8-way Opteron machines. Hopefully one of the NUMA folks will blog some more detailed information once this project integrates.

注解：
1. Opteron的內(nèi)存架構(gòu)是NUMA的，它集成了內(nèi)存控制器，采用了AMD開(kāi)發(fā)的HyperTransport總線(xiàn)技術(shù)。
2. Solaris原有的NUMA的支持是為支持SPARC高端而設(shè)計(jì)的，內(nèi)存和CPU的位置可以被簡(jiǎn)單的分為近和遠(yuǎn)兩種。
3. Solaris針對(duì)Opteron對(duì)NUMA支持部分進(jìn)行重新設(shè)計(jì)并優(yōu)化。

In conclusion: Opterons are cool, but dual-core Opterons are cooler. And Solaris will rip on both of them.

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